Score SPM Physics

1. BAHAGIAN PENGURUSAN
SEKOLAH BERASRAMA PENUH SEKOLAH KECEMERLANGAN
KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA
MARKING SCHEME
PERFECT SCORE & X A-PLUS MODULE
PHYSICS
2012

2. SECTION II - COMMON MISTAKES AND MISCONCEPTIONS
8.
Physical Quantity Physical quantity measured Physics Unit and symbol
Stop watch time Second. s
voltmeter Voltage, V Volt, V
thermometer temperature Kelvin or oCelsius
Bourdon gauge Gas pressure Pascal, Pa
Ammeter Electric current Ampere, A
9.
Terms Common Mistake Correct Answer
a
[The type of energy
when the object is at P]
Potential energy
Gravitational Potential Energy
b Pressure
Force acting on surface
area
Force/area
A product of depth, density
and gravitational
acceleration
Normal force acting on a unit of
surface area
c
Pascal’s principle In a close container, force is
transmitted equally
In a close container, pressure is
transmitted equally.
d
Latent heat of
vaporization
Heat absorbed to change
by 1oC
Heat absorbed to change 1 kg
of liquid to gas without any
changes in temperature.
e
Temperature
Transfer from hot body to
cold body
Amount of kinetic energy in an
object
f
[Physics phenomena in
a prism]
Reflection
Total internal reflection

3. Terms Common Mistake Correct Answer
g Critical angle
Critical angle is when the
refracted angle is 90o
Critical angle is the incident
angle when the reflected
angle is 90o
Critical angle is the incident
angle in denser medium which
produces when the refracted
angle in less dense medium is
90o
h Virtual image
The image that formed
behind the lens
The image that cannot be
formed on the screen
i Monochromatic light A colour of one light
light of one frequency /
wavelength / colour
j Amplitude
Maximum point of the
highest displacement
…………………………..
displacement of any
particle/oscillating system from
its
………………………………………..
………………………………………..
k Period One complete oscillation
The time taken for any particle
to make one complete
oscillation
l
Specification:
240 V, 1000 W
1000 W of energy is supplied
when the power supplied is
240 V.
1000 W of energy is consumed
in 1 s when connected to a 240
V power supply.
j electromagnet
When the current flow
through magnet
Is a combination of electric
and magnetic field
A conductor which can produce
magnetic field when current
passes through it.
k Beta particles Negative charge Fast moving electron

4. B. Misconceptians
Examples:
Num Misconceptions Correction
1
Oil is used in hydraulic jack because it has
higher boiling point
.. because it is not easily evaporate.
2
Snell’s law state that:
The sine of incident
angle
=
Refractive
indexThe sine of refracted
angle
The sine of incident
angle
= constant
The sine of
refracted angle
3
Container A Container B
The force exerted at X > the force exerted at
Y because smaller surface area (P = F /A)
Pressure at X = Pressure at Y because X
and Y are at the same depth, same
gravitational acceleration and in the
same type of liquid that has same density.
( P = hg)
To increase the efficiency of ac/dc
GENERATOR:
- Use more number of turns to
produce stronger magnetic field
Generator – the current is induced
The ship can float in sea water because the
buoyant force is bigger than the weight of
the ship
The ship can float in sea water because
the total density of the ship is less than
the density of water
The buoyant force is equals to the total
weight of the ship
water

5. C. Paper 3
1. Data Tabulation
Title - no unit
Content- not consistent
Example:
Common Mistake Correct Answer
Electric Current Voltage
0.1 0.5
0.12 1
0.14 1.5
Electric Current, I (A) Voltage, V (V)
0.10 0.5
0.12 1.0
0.14 1.5
TOV 1 – SPM FORMAT SET 1
4531/2 SECTION A
Question 5
No Answer Scheme Mark
a The force that gravitation exerts upon a body 1
b(i) The mass of slotted weigh in Diagram 5.1 > Diagram 5.2 1
b(ii) The nett force in Diagram 5.2 > Diagram 5.1 1
b(iii) The acceleration in Diagram 5.2 > Diagram 5.1 1
c The greater the nett force , the greater the acceleration 1
d(i) Net force in Diagram 5.1 > Diagram 5.3 1
d(ii) The acceleration in Diagram 5.1 > Diagram 5.3 1
d(iii) The weight of 20 N in Diagram 5.1 is perpendicular to the tension of the string 1
Question 6
No Answer Scheme Mark
a(i)
Diagram 6.1 : no relative motion
Diagram 6.2 : there is a relative motion
2
a(ii) Number of turns in Diagram 6.3 > Diagram 6.2 1
b(i) The greater the number of turn of coil, the greater the change in magnetic flux 1
b(ii)
The greater the number of turn of coil, the greater the magnitude of induced
current
1
c Faraday’s Law 1
d
When the magnet is pulled away from the coil
Reason : the current will flow in such direction that oppose the change that
cause it
2

6. Question 7
No Answer Scheme Mark
a Depth of water 1
b
P = hg5
= 2.5 x 103 x 10
= 2.5 x 104 N m-2
2
c Less different of water pressure 1
d(i)
Place the water tank P higher than water tank R // use water pump
It will increase the water pressure // sufficient water supply
2
d(ii)
Bigger base area //thicker wall at the bottom
Less pressure exerted on the ground // could withstand water pressure
2
d(iii)
Low density material // fiber tank
Light // can withstand stronger pressure
2
Question 8
No Answer Scheme Mark
1. (a)
(b)
(c)(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(d)
Atmospheric pressure is the weight of the atmosphere on an object
1. Vacuum pump is used to pump out the air from the suction cup
2. Partial vacuum is created in the suction cup
3. Higher atmospheric pressure push the glass sheet onto the suction cup
Low pressure
Larger difference in pressure
Big diameter cup
Greater force
Triple cups
Greater force
R
Straw/syringe/siphon/vacuum cleaner
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
12
Question 9
No Answer Scheme Mark
a The force exerted by the gas molecules onto a unit of surface area 1

7. No Answer Scheme Mark
b
When temperature increases, the average kinetic energy increases
Rate of collision also increase
Rate of change of momentum increase
Force exerted on a unit of surface area increase
4
c
Temperature of gas : 9.3 > 9.2
Volume of gas : 9.3 = 9.2
Reading of pressure gauge : 9.2 < 9.3
Temperature increase, reading of pressure gauge
Pressure Law
5
d
Characteristics Explaination
Large radius
Rate of rotation is less // Temperature does not
increase easily
Many tyres
Increase the surface area // less pressure
Tyres with treads
Provide a gripping surface
Strong tyre
Prevent from deformation
High melting point
Can withstand high temperature
10
Question 10
No Answer Scheme Mark
a
Electromagnetic induction 1
b 4
c
Number of turns of coil : Diagram 10.3 > Diagram 10.4
Speed of magnet : same
Deflection of galvanometer : Diagram 10.3 > 10.4
When number of turns of coil increased, deflection also increased
Faraday’s Law
5
d
Characteristics Explaination
Curve magnet Produce radial magnetic field
Stronger magnet Produce stronger magnetic field
Replace component X
with commutator
Current is induced in one direction
Copper wire coil
Good conductor
Thick copper wire Less resistance
10

8. Question 11
(a) Distance between optical centre and focal point
(b)(i) M1 correct substitution into formula or correct answer
M = v/u = 60/20 = 3
(b)(ii) M1 correct substitution into formula:
M2 Answer with correct unit
f = 15 cm = 0.15 m
(b)(iii) M1: P = 100/f = 100/15
M2: Answer with correct unit: = 6.67 D
(c) M1: Parallel light rays from the hot sun at infinity pass through a convex lens// labeled
diagram
M2: Light rays are focused after passing through the lens // labeled diagram
M3: Light rays are converged onto a focal point of the lens
M4: At the point, the intensity of lights is great (and the light energy) causes an increases in
temperature. When the spot on the paper become hot enough, the paper start to
burn // light energy change to heat energy.
Aspect Reason
Low power of eye piece
Focal length is longer // eyepiece must be more longer focal
length than objective lens
High power objective lens
Focal length is shorter / objective lens must be powerful lens
than eyepiece lens// Objective lens must be shorter focal
length than eyepiece lens.
Distance between lenses :
>fo + fe
To produce bigger image from the eyepiece // to increase
the magnification
Position of the specimen : fo<
u < 2fo
To produce real, inverted and magnified image
The most suitable is :
microscope M
Focal length of eyepiece is longer than objective lens,
distance between lenses is greater than (fo + fe), and the
position of the specimen is between fo and 2 fo

9. Question 12
Answer:
(a) frequency
(b) 1 High pitch, high frequency / pitch directly propotional to frequency
2 frequency is inversly propotional to wave length // high frequency has shorter
wave length
3 Short λ / high f / high pith at C, will diffract / spread out/ bend less
4 Sound easily diffracted / bending / spread out during low pitch/ low f/long λ / at A,B,C
(c)
Characteristic Reason
Large diameter Receive more signal
Same as focal length Signal are focused/converged to the receiver
Microwave Has high frequency / high energy
High
The signal is not blocked / easy to be
detected
Choose K because Because it has large diameter,
Same as focal length, use microwave and locate at high position.
(d)(i) v = 2s/t = (2 x 90)/0.12 = 1 500 m/s
(i) V = fλ
λ = 1 500/50 000 = 0.03 m = 3 cm
TOV 2 – SPM FORMAT SET 2
4531/2 SECTION A
QUESTION 5
No Answer Scheme Mark
a The size of the coin in Diagram 6.1 < Diagram 6.2 1
b Refraction of light wave 2
c
Light travels from water to air // denser to less dense medium
Light is refracted away from normal line
The image is seen bigger and closer to the observer eye
3
d
n = rd/ad = H/h
h = 16/(4/3)
= 12 cm
2
e Use liquid with bigger refractive index 1

10. QUESTION 6
No Answer Scheme Mark
a(i) Kinetic energy to electric energy
1
a(ii)
Rotating coil will cut the magnetic flux
Emf is produced
The commutatorwii ensure the current flow in one direction
3
b(i) The ratio Np : Ns is 6 : 1 1
b(ii) diode 1
b(iii)
Capacitor
Reason : it can store and discharge charges
2
c
Copper wire // laminated iron core
Reason : good conductor // reduce eddy current
2
QUESTION 7
No Answer Scheme Mark
a Temperature increases
Pressure increases
2
b When temperature increases, the average kinetic energy increases
Rate of collision also increase
Rate of change of momentum increase
Force exerted on a unit of surface area increase
3
c) P1 = 200 kPa
T1 = 273 + 30 = 303 K
P2 = 225 kPa
T2 = (T1P2)/ P1
= (303 x225) /200
= 340.875 K
3
d(i) More 1
d(ii) Able to support greater mass // heavier load 1
d(iii) Grips efficiently 1

11. QUESTION 8
No Answer Scheme Mark
(a)
(b)
(c)(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Concave mirror
1. Object between F and pole of mirror
2. Light parallel to principal axis reflected to F
3. Light through C reflect back original path
4. Extend the lines to back of mirror and draw a virtual image
Concave
To focus light
Big size
To collect and reflect more light
At focal point of the mirror
Light/energy will focus after light reflected
Z
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
12
QUESTION 9
No Answer Scheme Mark
a(i)
Real image is an image which can be formed / projected on a screen. 1
a(ii)
object distance in 9.1 is shorter than 9.2
Size of image formed in 9.1 is bigger than in 9.2
Image distance in 9.1 is smaller /shorter
The shorter the object distance, the bigger the size of the image formed
When the object distance is shorter, the magnification scale is bigger.
5
b 4
P

12. No Answer Scheme Mark
1. Object is placed between F and P
2. Parallel light ray from top of object to mirror and reflected to F
3. Light ray from top to mirror and reflected back to C
4. Extrapolation of both rays and its intersection behind the mirror and an
upright image is drawn.
d
suggestion Explanation
Use higher power bulb
Higher intensity of light / more light
produced.
The filament of the bulb
is at the focus point of
the concave mirror
The light ray focuses to one point.
More curvature Increase the intensity.
lens between f and 2f
To produce real and enlarge / bigger
images.
Increase the distance /
further away the screen
Larger image produced
10
QUESTION 10
No Answer Scheme Mark
10 (a) Monochromatic light: light of one frequency / wavelength /
colour
1
(b)  In figure 10.1(a), distance between the double slit and
screen, D is smaller
1
 In figure 10.1(b), distance between two successive bright
fringes, x is smaller
1
 In figure 10.1(b), the number of fringes is bigger / more
fringes
1
 In figure 10.1(b), the width of fringes is smaller / narrower 1
 When the distance between the double slit and screen, D
increases, the distance between two successive fringes, x
increases.
1
5
(c)  Microwaves are transmitted by the radar 1
 the radar transmits the signal towards the aeroplane 1
 it detects the reflected signal from the aeroplane t seconds
later.
1
 calculate the distance of aeroplane from the radar,s by
using formula s = vt/2, where v is the speed of microwaves
in air.
1
4

13. No Answer Scheme
Answer
Scheme
Modification Explanation
 Shape of the boat
is streamline
 To reduce the water resistance / drag
 Material used is
strong
 Can withstands high water pressure
 Uses ultrasonic
waves
 Have high energy / sounds can travel at further
distance
 Put fish in a
polisterine box
containing ice
 Ice has larger latent heat / ice can absorb a large
quantity of heat from fish as it melts / fish can be
kept at a low temperature for an extended period of
time
 Made of fiber
glass / less dense
material
 The boat is lighter
10
TOTAL 20
QUESTION 11
No Answer Scheme Mark
11(a) Volume = area x height 1
(b)
1st
: pressure of air is inversely proportional to the volume of air
2nd
: the pressure inside the air bubbles is equal to the water pressure which is high at
the bottom
3rd
: so the volume of air bubbles is small.
4th
: as air bubble goes up to the surface, the pressure decreases., so the volume of air
bubbles increases.
4
(c)
1st
: safety valve is needed
2nd
: to releases extra steam so that the pressure is the cooker does not reach a
dangerous stage
3rd
: Thickness of the pot is high
4th
: to withstand high pressure
5th
: specific heat capacity of the pot is low
10

14. No Answer Scheme Mark
6th
: heats up quickly and food will be cooked faster
7th
: specific heat capacity of the handle is high
8th
: heats up slowly and can be held with bare hands
9th
: K is chosen
10th
: Reasons: It has a safety valve, high thickness, low specific heat capacity of the pot,
high specific heat capacity of the handle
(d)
1st
: P1= 75 cm Hg, V1 = 10 cm
2nd
: P2 = 75 + 3 = 78 cm Hg
3rd
: P1V1 = P2V2
4th
: (75)(10) = (78) (V)
5th
: V2 = 9.62 cm
5
TOTAL 20

15. QUESTION 12

16. Exercise
No Answer Scheme Mark
a The force that gravitation exerts upon a body 1
b
Stone is denser than water
When the stone is immersed in the water , it experienced buoyant force, F
The tension which is the reading of spring balance, T = W-F
Archimedes’ Principle
4
c
i. 4.4.kg
ii. (44-36) = 8 N
iii. F = Vg
V = F/(g)
= 8/(103 x 10) = 8x10-4 m3
5
d
Characteristics Explaination
Denser material So the hydrometer stand up right
Large diameter of bulb Displaced more acid// stay floating
Long hydrometer To measure wide range of density of acid
Glass hydrometer Does not react with acid
The best choice is U because it is denser material, large diameter of bulb,
long hydrometer and glass hydrometer
10
SECTION III– UNDERSTANDING (Paper 2 Section B and C)
Question 1 [ Introduction to Physics ]
1. Consistency is the ability of the instrument to give the same readings close to each other when
repeated measurement are done
2. each measurement with little deviation among readings/ draw diagram bulls eye target.
3. Accuracy is the ability of an instrument to give a measured reading to the actual reading.
4. The value determined is accurate if it is near to the actual value/ draw diagram bulls eye
target.
Question 2 [Forces and Motion]
1. Fuel burns in the combustion chamber
2. Hot gases expelled at high speed / high momentum
3. A large downwards momentum is produced
4. The rocket gains upwards momentum of equal magnitude.
Question 3 [Forces and Motion
(i) Elasticity is the property of matter to return back to its original size or shape when the force that
acting on it is removed
(ii)1. There are two types of force; attraction and repulsive force between the particles of the solid.

17. 2. When the solid is stretched, the molecules displaced away from each other
3. Attractive forces are acting to oppose the stretching
4. When the solid is compressed, the molecules displaced closer to each other
5. Repulsive forces are acting to oppose the compression
Question 4 [Forces and Motion]
(ii) The force forward = friction
The resultant force is zero
The object move with constant velocity
Question 5 [Forces and Pressure]
1. High altitude has low density of air
2. Air molecules has low temperature / low kinetic energy
3. Less collision of air molecules with surface
4. Rate of change of momentum decreases.
Question 6 [Forces and Pressure]
1. When air is pumped out , pressure inside decrease.
2. Atmospheric pressure outside is higher
3. Difference in pressure produces a forceto lift the mirror
4. Force is greater than the weight of the mirror.
Question 7 [Forces and Pressure]
(a) (i) Archimedes’ Principle states that buoyant force equal to the weight of fluid displaced.
(a) (ii) 1. Volume of air displaced equal to volume of aballoon
2. Density of air decreased as a altitude increase
3. Weight of displaced air becomes smaller
4. At certain height weight of displaced air equal to weight of the balloon.
Question 8 [Forces and Pressure]
1. Hydrometer displaces water.
2. Weight of water displaced equal to weight of hydrometer.
3. The denser the liquid is, the less volume of water displaced.
4. Hydrometer will float higher.
Question 9 [Heat]
(i) Thermal equilibrium occurs when the net transfer of heat between two objects in thermal
contact is zero.
(ii) 1. Thermometer is placed in the boiling water.

18. 2. Heat is transferred from boiling water to the thermometer
3. Thermal equilibrium between the thermometer and boiling is reached when the
net rate of heat transfer is zero.
4. The thermometer and the boiling water are at the same temperature.
Question 10 [Heat]
1. Molecules moving freely in random motion
2. When temperature increase, kinetic energy//velocity increase
3. Molecules strike the walls of pressure cooker more frequently
The rate of change of momentum increase
4. Force exerted on the walls increase, pressure (P = F/A) increase
Question 11 [Heat]
1. The specific heat capacity of the land is less than sea water.
2. During daytime, the land warms up faster than the sea.
3. Air above the land becomes hot and less dense, so it will rise up.
4. The cooler air from sea moves to the land.
Question 12 [Light]
1. The air close to the surface is much colder than the air above it
2. Light travels from denser to less dense medium
3. Light rays refracted away from normal line and bend downward toward the surface/total
internal reflection occur.
4. The observer will see the image of the ship due to light travels in a straight line.
Question 13 [Light]
1. The parallel rays of the sun will pass through the a convex lens
2. After entering the lens, the light rays is focused at the principal focus of the lens
3. At the principal focus, the light ray is focused on one small area
4. Heat energy causes an increase in temperature, the paper starts to burn
Question 14 [Waves]
(i) Sonar is a reflected ultrasonic waves. (ultrasonic echoes)
(ii) ultrasonic wave has a higher frequency waves , it has more energy so it can move further
it do not produce noise
(iii) 1. attach ultrasonic transmitter to a ship
2. use a microphone receiver to detect ultrasonic pulses
3. direct the ultrasonic pulses from the transmitter to the seabed
4. use microphone receiver to pick up the reflected pulses from the seabed
5. measure the time taken by the pulses to travel to the seabed and return
6. calculate the depth of the water using the formula
2
txv
d 
Question 15 [Waves]
1. The airplane engine produces noise which cause the air to vibrate
2. All particles in a material/matter/glass vibrate at its natural frequency
3. Due to resonance, the glass vibrate at a higher/maximum amplitude
4. Need strong glasses to withstand the effect of resonance/ the strong vibration/ high
amplitude, so that it does not break easily.
Question 16 [Electricity]
1. A parallel circuit can run several devices using the full voltage of the supply.
2. If one device fails, the others will continue running normally
3. If the device shorts, the other devices will receive no voltage, preventing overload damage.
4. A failure of one component does not lead to the failure of the other components.

19. 5. More components may be added in parallel without the need for more voltage.
Question 17 [Electricity]
1. The two dry cells are connected in parallel
2. The effective e.m.f. remains the same
3. The effective internal resistance of the two cells is smaller
4. A larger current will flow through the bulb to make it brighter
Question 18 [Electromagnetism]
1. When the switch is on, the soft iron core becomes electromagnet. End A becomes north pole.
2. End B becomes south pole
3. Magnet P repels from end A
4. Magnet Q attracts to end B
Question 19 [Electromagnetism]
1. The (magnadur) magnets produce a magnetic field / diagram
2. The current in the wire produces a magnetic field / diagram
3. The two magnetic fields interact/combine to form a resultant / catapult field / diagram
4. Same direction of magnetic field produces stronger resultant magnetic field. Opposite direction
cancel each other and produce weaker magnetic field.
Question 20 [Electromagnetism]
1. When too high current flow, magnetic field strength become very strong / wire expand
2. electromagnet pull the soft iron armature / pulled to the right by spring P.
3. release the catch, contact separate and current does not flow
4. When reset button is pressed, spring Q pulls the soft iron armature back to its original position
Question 21 [Electromagnetism]
(i) Ideal transformer is when the efficiency is 100% / power output equal to power input
(ii) 1. When a.c. voltage is supplied to primary coil, (alternating current will flow) and the soft
iron core is magnetized.
2. The magnet produced varies in magnitude and direction.
3. This causes a changing magnetic flux pass through the secondary coil.
4. An induced e.m.f. across the secondary coil is produced
Question 22 [Electromagnetism]
1. Electric supply is continuous
2. Electric supply idepends on region, the region like city needs more electric supply than
interior region.
3. Peak hour need more electric supply.
4. If one region black out, the source of electric supply can be taken from another region.
5. Reduce the cost.
6. Easy to manage and to repair
* Choose any FOUR from the list.
S N

20. Question 23 [Electronic]
1. Connect the dry cell terminal to the Y-input of CRO.
2. The Y-gain setting is recorded
3. The vertical displacement is measured = h.
4. Potential difference = ( Y-gain scale) x (Vertical displacement of direct current wave)
Question 24 [Radioactivity]
1. Put the radioactive source opposite the detector
2. Detector is connected to the thickness indicator
3. Detector detect the reading of the changes in counts
4. Thickness is measured with the thickness indicator. If the reading of the detector is less than the
specified value, the thickness of the paper is too tick/ vice versa
Question 25 [Radioactivity]
(a) Unstable isotopes which decay and emit radioactive particles / ray
(b)1. Radioisotope is injected into the pipe
2. G-M tube as detector is used to find the leakage
3. Reading on detector increases when near a leakage
Question 26 [Radioactivity]
1. Neutron bombarded a uranium nucleus and produced three neutral
2 The new neutron bombarded a new uranium nucleus
3. For every reaction, the neutrons produced will generate a chain reaction
4. Diagram of chain reaction

21. SULIT 21
SECTION IV – DECISION MAKING (Paper 2 Section A – Question 8; Section C )
Question 1
Characteristics Explanation
Streamlined shape To reduce water resistance
High strength of metal To withstand high water pressure
Wide base cross section area So that ship can float / prevent from overturn //
ship more stable // ship not sink deeper
High volume of air space in the ship Increase buoyant force
Structure U Because it has streamlined ship, high strength of
metal, wide base cross section area, high volume
of air space in the ship.
Question 2 [Force and Pressure]
Specification Reason
Straight cut shape bottle Move faster/increase the speed
The body is streamline shape Reduce air friction
The angle of launching is 450 The rocket can achieve maximum distance
The volume of water 1/3 of the bottle To produce optimum momentum/speed
The rocket has functional fins Increase stability
The best water rocket is T,
because it has straight cut shape, body is streamline, angle of launching is 450 the volume of water is
1/3 of the bottle and the rocket has functional fins.
Question3 [Force and Pressure]
Specification Reason
With ABS To reduce jerking when it stopped immediately /
can be controlled if direction changes / does not
move side ways
Wide tyres Better support / more stable / safer when turn
Low mass Lighter, can move faster / low inertia
Low seat height Lower centre of gravity / more stable
C because it has ABS, wider tyres, low mass, low seat height.
Question 4
Specification Reason
High specific heat capacity The rate of temperature increased caused by
friction is low
High melting point Does not easily change in shape when the
temperature is high
Difficult to compress Pressure will be transmitted uniformly in all
directions.
Use ceramic Can withstand high temperature // less dust
produced
S because it has high specific heat capacity, high melting point, difficult to compress and use ceramic.
Question 5
Specification Reason
Size of the tyre is large Prevent backhoe from sinking into soft ground
Fluids used in hydraulic system is liquid
Not easy compress compared to the gases // high
power
Large mass Avoid backhoe from moving
Large base area Ensure that the backhoe will not collide

22. SULIT 22
Centre of gravity is low More stable
The most suitable backhoe is M.
Large tyre, fluids use in hydraulic system is liquid, large mass, large base area and the centre of gravity
is low.
Question 6 [Force and Pressure]
Specification Reason
A shape of cross section which is upper side is
higher Than the bottom//aerofoil
To produce the speed of airflow above the wings
to be higher than the speed of air below
Large area of the wing The larger the lift force
Low density of the wing material Less weight// produce more upward force
The higher the difference in speed of air The higher the difference in pressure
P was chosen because shape of aerofoil,large area of the wing,
Low density of the wing and the higher the difference in speed of air
Question 7[Force and Pressure]
Specification Reason
Volume of the balloon is bigger
Produced bigger buoyant force / displaced more
volume of air
Material used for balloon is nylon Stronger / does not break easily
Material used for basket is rattan
Lighter / low mass / increase the time impact /
reduce impulsive force
Temperature of air inside the balloon is higher
Reduce the density of air / reduce the mass of air
in the balloon / increase upward resultant force /
can carry more load
The best chosen is K because volume of the balloon is bigger, material used for balloon is nylon,
material used for basket is rattan and temperature of air inside the balloon is higher
Question 8[Heat]
Specification Reason
High boiling point
It will not easily change into gas when absorb heat
from the engine
Low viscously
It will not freeze during cold weather // can flow at
low temperature
High specific heat capacity
It can absorb a big quality of heat with small rise in
temperature
A low ability to react with metals
The metal parts of the engine will not corrode
easily
K because of its high boiling point, low viscosity, high specific heat capacity and low ability to react
with metals.
Question 9 [light]
Specification Reason
Type of objective lens is convex lens To converge the light and produce real image
Focal length of the objective lens is big To get higher magnification power
D < f0 + fe To get virtual and magnified image
Diameter of the objective lens is large
More light can be captured, the image formed is
brighter
Lens S because lens used is convex lens, focal length of the objective lens is big, D D < f0 + fe and
diameter of the objective lens is large.

23. SULIT 23
Question10 [Electricity]
Specification Reason
Thin diameter High resistance
Coil wire Increase length / resistance
Parallel arrangement If one panel not function, others still function
High melting point Withstand high temperature
G, because thin diameter, coil wire, parallel arrangement and high melting point.
Question 11
Characteristics Explanation
Curved shape Produce radial magnetic field
Soft iron Easily to magnetized and demagnetized
Soft spring
Can detect small current // more sensitive // can
measured small current
Linear scale
Uniform deflection // force produced directly
proportional to current.
T is chosen because curved shape, soft iron, soft spring and linear scale.
Question 12
Specification Reason
Low resistivity to reduce heat loss in the cables
Low density The cables will be lighter
Low rate of oxidation Not easily rust / corrode
Low rate of thermal expansion The cables will not expand under hot weather
Cable Q because it has low resistivity, low density, low rate of oxidation, low rate of thermal expansion.
Question 13
Specification Reason
Low density of the coil Lighter // less mass
High frequency of rotation
The rate of change of magnetic field, more
current induced
Use 4 diodes Full wave rectification to get a d.c
Heat capacitor in the circuit To smooth the direct current obtained
Circuit I because it has low density coil, high frequency of rotation, consist 4 diodes and has capacitor
in the circuit

24. SULIT 24
Question 14
Specification Reason
The valency of the intrinsic semiconductor is 4
When it is doped, the conductivity of the
semiconductor increases
The valency of the doping substance are 3 or 5
Valency of 3 is used to produce hole as majority
charge carrier (P type) and valency of 5 is used to
produce electron as majority charge carrier (N
type)
Size of the atom of the doping substance is almost
same as the size of the substance
Can maintain the crystallize structure of the
substance / give good effect in the doping
process
Substance T because the valency of the intrinsic semiconductor is 4, the valency of the doping
substance are 3 or 5 and the size of the doping substance is almost the same as the size of the
substance.
The type of pure semiconductor is silicon because it has greater power handling (not easy overheated.
Question 15 [radioactive]
Specification Reason
Gamma Has high penetrating power
Long half life Long lasting
Solid Easy to handle
Low ionizing power
Does not ionize healthy cells / does not cause cell
mutation
K is chosen because it radiated gamma ray, the half life is long, the state of matter is solid and has low
ionizing power.
uestion 16 [Radioactive]
Specification Reason
Type of ray is Alpha Stronger ionizing power
Long half life Long lasting
State of matter is solid Easy to handle / does not spill or evaporate
Logic gate: NOT To inverse input
L is chosen because type or ray is alpha, long half life, solid and use logic gate NOT

25. SULIT 25
SECTION V– CONCEPTUALIZATION (Paper 2 Section A – Question 5/6; Section B )
Question 1 [Force and Pressure]
1. Density of sphere A is less than B
2. Weight A is less than B
3. The weight of water displaced by A is less than B
4. The larger the weight of sphere, the bigger the weight of water displaced
5. Weight of water displaced = upthrust // When the weight of water displaced increase,
upthrust increase
Question 2 [Force and Pressure]
(a) Density is mass per unit volume
(b) i Level of the boat is higher in the sea than in the river.
ii Water displaced in the sea is less than in the river.
iii Density of sea water is higher than river water.
(c) i The lower the density of water, the greater the volume of water displaced.
ii Weight of the boat = Weight of the water displaced
(d) Archimedes’ principle
Question 3 [Heat]
(a)(i) The temperature of air increase
The volume of air increase
(ii) The mass of air constant
(b)(i) When the temperature increase the volume of air increase
(ii) Charles’ Law
(iii) Temperature increases, kinetic energy increases
The rate of collision between molecules and wall increases/ pressure increases
To keep the pressure constant, volume increases/expand
Question 4 [Waves]
(a) Length between the two crest / trough / consecutive wave front
(b) (i) Wavelength in Diagram 4.2 is greater than 4.1
(ii) Wavelength remains constant after passing through the gap
(c) Curvature of the wave pattern in Diagram 4.2 is greater
(d) The greater the wavelength, the more circular the wave pattern
(e) Diffraction

26. SULIT 26
Question 5 [Electromagnetism]
(a) Diagram 5.1 has less number of turns compare to Diagram 5.2
Deflection of pointer in Diagram 5.1 is smaller than Diagram 5.2
(b) P = North Q = South
(c) The larger the number of turns, the higher the induced current produced
(d) Faraday’s Law
(e) Increase the speed of the relative motion between the coil and the magnet //
Use a stronger magnet
(f) Direct Current Generator (D.C. Dynamo) //Alternating Current Generator (A.C. Dynamo) // Moving
coil microphone // Transformer
Question 6 [Force and Motion]
(a) The energy an object has because of its position.
(b) Load in Diagram 6.1 is higher than in Diagram 6.2.
Gravitational potential energy in Diagram 6.1 is higher
Work done in Diagram 6.1 is greater
The higher the position of the load, the greater the work done
The greater the work done, the greater the gravitational potential energy //
Work done = gravitational potential energy
Question 7 [Force and Motion]
1. Mass of the coin is greater than the leaf
2. Both objects reach the ground at the same time
3. The falling position of both objects is the same
4. Gravitational acceleration is the same
5. Gravitational acceleration does not depend on mass
Question 8 [Force and Pressure]
1. Reading of spring balance in the oil/Diagram 8(c) is greater than in the water/Diagram 8(b)
2. Weight lost in the water/Diagram 8(b)is greater than in oil/Diagram 8(c) // vise versa
3. Density of water is greater than density of oil
4. The greater the density of liquid, the greater the weight lost
5. The greater the density of liquid, the greater the buoyant force

27. SULIT 27
Question 9 [Force and Pressure]
1. Density of air in Diagram 9(a) is higher than in Diagram 9(b)// vice versa
2. The number of load in Diagram 9(a) is greater than in Diagram 9(b)// vice versa
3. The height of the balloons in both Diagram 9(a) and Diagram 9(b) are equal
4. When the density of the air increase, the buoyant force increase
5. As the density of the air increase, the weight of the load carried increased// .
As the density of the air decrease, the weight of the load carried also decreased
Question 10 [Force and Pressure]
1. The mass of the fish is the same
2. The volume of the fishing net immersed in the water is the least in Diagram 10.3 and the largest in
Diagram 10.1
3. When the weight of water displaced is smaller, the force needed is greater
4. Buoyant force is equal to weight of water displaced
5. The greater the weight of water displaced, the greater the buoyant force
Question 11 [Light]
1. Density of glass block in Diagram 11(a) is smaller than density of glass block in Diagram 11(b)
2. Refractive index of glass block in Diagram 11(a) is smaller
3. Angle of refraction in Diagram 11(a) is greater than angle of refraction in Diagram 11(b)
4. The higher the density, the smaller the angle of refraction
5. The higher the refractive index, the smaller the angle of refraction.
Question 12 [Light]
1. Lens K is thicker than lens J
2. Light ray refracted more in lens K than lens J.
3. Focal length of lens K is shorter than lens J.
4. The thicker the lens, the greater the light refracted
5. The thicker the lens, the shorter the focal length

28. SULIT 28
Question 13 [Light]
1. Distance between the double-slit and screen, D, i n Diagram 13.1(a) is smaller
2. Distance between two successive bright fringes, x, in Diagram 13.1(b), is smaller
3. The number of fringes in Diagram 13.1(b) is bigger
4. The width of fringes in Diagram 13.1(b) is smaller
5. When the distance between the double-slit and screen, D, increases, the distance
between two successive fringes, x, increases
Question 14 [Waves]
1 . Number of oscillations in Diagram 14(a) is greater than in Diagram 14(b)
2. The amplitude of the wave in Diagram 14(a) is the same as in Diagram 14(b)
3 . The diameter of guitar string in Diagram 14(a) is smaller than diameter of
the string in Diagram 14(b)
4. When the diameter of the string increases , the frequency of the wave decreases
5 . The higher the frequency , the higher is the pitch//
As the frequency of the sound decreases, the pitch of the sound also decreases
Question 15 [Electricity]
1. Diagram 15.1 connected in series and Diagram 15.2 connected in parallel
2. The reading of ammeter in Diagram 15.2 is greater than in Diagram 15.1
3. The reading of voltmeter is the same
4. The effective resistance in Diagram 15.2 is smaller than in Diagram 15.1
5. When the effective resistance increases, the current flow decreases.
6. When the circuit is in parallel connection, the effective resistance is smaller
Question 16 [Electromagnetism]
1. The N-pole in Diagram 16(a) moved into the solenoid, the N-pole of the magnet in Diagram
16 (b) moved away from the solenoid.
2. The galvanometer pointer in Diagram 16(a) deflects to the right, the galvanometer pointer in
Diagram 16(b) deflects to the left.
3. When N-pole is moved into the coil, the top of the coil is a N-pole, and tends to repel the
magnet
4. When the N-pole is moved away from the coil, the top of the coil is a S-pole, and thus attracting the
receding N-pole.
5. Lenz’s Law which states that the direction of the induced electromotive force acts in such a way as
to oppose the action which produces it

29. SULIT 29
Question 17 [Electronic]
1 The bulb in Diagram 17.2 does not light up while the bulb in Diagram 17.1 lights up
2. In diagram 17.2 the negative terminal of the cell is connected to the anode.
3. When the anode of the diode is connected to the positive terminal of a cell, the bulb lights up
4. When the diode is in forward bias connection, the current flow
5. Diode allows current to flow in one direction only
Question 18 [Radioactivity]
(ii). Difference:
Nuclear fission involves the fission of heavy nucleus.
Nuclear fusion involves the combination of light nuclei
Similarities:
Decrease/loss of mass after the process occurs.
Neutrons are produced.
E = mc2 // loss of mass/ mass defect directly proportional to the energy released .
Question 19 [Radioactivity]
1. Exponential graph
2. The time taken for the activity to become half of its initial value is constant
3. The time taken for the activity of P to be half of its initial value is constant //5 hrs
4. The time taken for the activity of Q to be half of its initial value is constant //100 s
5. Half-life
VI – PROBLEM SOLVING [QUALITATIVE] (Paper 2 Section A: Question 7; Section B
Question 9/10 )
QUESTION 1
Suggestion Reason
Thermometer is made from transparent
glass that is strong
It is not easily broken
The capillary tube is made narrow and
thin
It is more sensitive
The shape of the thermometer is
round/streamline
It has a magnifying effect
The liquid has low freezing point
It can measure very low temperature/ not freeze at low
temperature
Thin glass bulb’s wall Absorb / transfer heat faster

30. SULIT 30
QUESTION 2
Suggestion Reason
Aerodynamic shape / stream line/
torpedo
Reduce air resistance
Low density material //
Strong material// high boiling point
Lighter //
Does not break easily// does not melt easily
Has liquid oxygen
Boosting combustion // supply oxygen for combustion
Retro rocket /Has several stages that
can slip/strip off
To decrease mass
Increase the size of combustion
chamber
More space for the fuel to be burnt
QUESTION 3
Suggestion Reason
Strong material Do not break easily
Low density Small mass / lighter //o increase the acceleration
Streamline javelin To reduce air resistance
The athlete runs with high speed /has to
increase his speed/acceleration
To increase kinetic energy/energy/force/ momentum
Throw at an angle of 45o / Throw with
a great force
To get maximum horizontal distance of throwing
QUESTION 4
Suggestion Explanation
Shape of the shuttle – conical shape /oval
/diagram / aerodynamic
Allow for better / fast air flow//produce more lift force //
reduce air resistance
Material used for shuttle – feather / small
mass/ low density
Light// high velocity/ acceleration //further distance
travelled//reduce inertia // smaller mass
Material used for base of the shuttle –
cork/ small mass/ low density
Light// high velocity/ acceleration //further distance
travelled//reduce inertia // smaller mass
Material used for the string of the racquet –
strong/ low elasticity
Not easily broken //withstand high force
High tension Short time impact// high impulsive force

31. SULIT 31
QUESTION 5
Suggestion Reason
1
Balloon should be large size
To create sufficient buoyant force due to greater
weight of surrounding air displaced.
2
Balloon material is made of light weight
material like nylon
The total weight of the balloon is less than the
buoyant force//reduce weight
3
Balloon material should also have a high
melting point.
It will not disintegrate when exposed to hot air
4
The part of the balloon (the skirt) near the
burner must be fire resistant /coated with fire
resistant material
So that it doesn’t catch fire easily
5 The burner burns (liquefied) propane/gas Warms up the air in the balloon
6 A large fan is needed initially To blow enough air into the balloon
7
The basket must be made off light and
flexible/safe material (e.g. rattan or cane
woven)
Prolong the collision time between basket and
ground// reduce impulsive force when basket hits
the ground
9
Best times to launch the balloon are early
morning and late afternoon when the air is
cooler
Cool air is denser, providing more buoyant forc
QUESTION 6
Suggestion Reason
Specific heat capacity of the wok is low Heat up faster / temperature increase faster
Thermal conductivity of the wok is high Can conduct heat faster
Melting point of wok is high Can withstand high temperature
Specific heat capacity of the oil is low Heat up faster
Boiling point of oil is high
Will not change to vapour easily // cooking at higher
temperature

32. SULIT 32
QUESTION 7
Suggestion Reason
Put ice in the cointainer Ice absorbs heat out from the packet drinks.
Add a little water to the ice Heat transfer is faster through the heat conduction.
Container has high specific heat capacity Heat up slower.
White container Does not absorb heat
Insulator // low density Avoid absorb heat from outside into the container // lighter
QUESTION 8
Modification Reason
Concave mirror
Sunlight ray will converge / focus to the tank // absorb more
heat
Radius of curvature is smaller
Reflect more light /focus light at shorter distance// reduce
energy lost
Black Absorb more heat
Low specific heat capacity The temperature rise up faster
Bigger size Receive/collect more light
QUESTION 9
Suggestion Reason
Convex mirror The image formed is virtual, upright an diminished
Large diameter Wider field view
strong Withstand change in weather / does not break easily
Less thickness Avoid multiple image formed / clearer image
At the sharp corner Can reflect the light from opposite direction

33. SULIT 33
QUESTION 10
Suggestion Reason
Frequency of signal is low
Longer wavelength/ diffraction easier
The location of transmitter higher
no blocking / capture more signal
the number of transmitter is more /
many
increase the strength of signal/ increase energy of signal /
reduce energy lost during transmission
The strength of signal is higher
have more energy / can move further
The distance between two transmitter
is closer
increase the strength of signal/ increase energy of signal
QUESTION 11
Suggestion Reason
Attach switch for each lamp To allows each lamp to be switched on and off independently
Connect the metal fitting lamp to the
earth wire/cable
To flows electron (extra) to earth to avoid lethal shock
Parallel
Voltage across both bulbs is 240 V / if one bulb blows another
bulb can still function.
Using only 240 V light bulb To ensure the bulbs light up with normal brightness
Step down transformer / adapter Reduce the voltage from 240 V to 12 V.
QUESTION 12
Suggestion Reason
Soft spring Give a greater sensitivity/ can detect small changes
Small density Small mass / light
Curve in shape of the magnet
Radial magnetic field, create uniform strength of magnetic
field around the coil
copper coil To reduce energy loss / Low resistance material of the coil
Place the seismometer in direct
contact with the earth
to convert very small motions of the earth into electrical signals

34. SULIT 34
QUESTION 13
Suggestion Reason
OR gate The gate's output is ON if either one sensor is ON
Thermistor Resistance decrease when temperature increase
At R1 and R2
Base voltage increase, when the temperature increase.
Base current flows, collector current flows. Alarm will
triggered.
Replace the lamp or at the collector circuit
It converts the electrical signal into sound energy/ Alarm
triggered when collector current flow.
Relay switch To switch on the alarm which is use a greater voltage
QUESTION 14
Component Function
Filament To heat up the cathode
Cathode Emits electrons
Control Grid
Controls the number of electrons//
control the brightness of the image
on the screen
Focusing anode Focuses the electrons into a beam
Accelerating anode To accelerate electrons to towards the screen
Y-plates To deflect the electron beam vertically
X-plates
To deflect the electron beam
Horizontally
QUESTION 15
Suggestion Reason
Use forcep/robot The distance between the source and the body is far
Wear a mask/goggle The radiation does not penetrate our eyes
Use a lead box/container with thick
concrete
To prevent radiation leakage to surroundings
Keep the exposure time as short as
possible
The body is not exposed to the radiation for a long time
Wear a film bandage To detect the amount of radiation exposed
Put radiation symbol on the storage box To inform the users of dangerous contents of the box
Wear coat lined with lead To protect the body from the radiation

35. SULIT 35
SECTION VII– PROBLEM SOLVING [QUANTITATIVE] (Paper 2 Section C Question 11/12 )
1. (i) impulse = mv – mu
= 1.5 ( -35-40)
= 112.5 kg ms-1
(ii) Impulsive force = mv-mu
t
= 140.625 N
2. (i) 900 N
(ii) F – 900 N = 1000 (2)
F = 2 900 N
3. (i) v = 18 x1000 = 5 ms-1
60 x 60
a =v – u
t
= 5 – 0
10
= 0.5 ms-2
(ii) F = ma
= ( 202) (0.5)
= 101 N
4. (i)Spring constant P , k =F = 6N
x 12 cm
= 0.5 Ncm-1
Spring constant Q, k = F = 3N
x 12 cm
= 0.75 N cm-1
5. (i) Buoyant force = weight of the boat
ρV g = 250 (10)
V = 0.25 m-3
(ii) Weight of the boat + weight of the load = buoyant force
2500 + WL = 1000 (4) (10)

36. SULIT 36
WL= 40 000 – 2500
= 3 7500 N
Mass of load = 3 750 kg
6. (i) F = 500 x 40
= 20 000 N
(ii) Resultant force = 20 000 – 800 (10)
= 12000 N
(iii) F = ma
a = 12 000
800
=15 ms-2
7. (i) F1 = F2
A1 A2
F2 = 6N ( 1.2)
0.2
= 36 N
(ii) V1 = V2
A1h1 = A2h2
h2 = 1.2 (0.2)
1.2
= 0.2 cm
8. (i) F = ρVg
= 1020 (2)(10)
= 20 400 N
(ii) Buoyant Force = weight of the boat + weight of the box
20 400 N = 15 000 + W
W = 5 400N
9. (i) Mass,m =ρV
= 800 x 0.004
= 3.2 kg
(ii) Pt = mc
2 500 (t) = 3.2 (2 000) (130)
t = 332.8 s

37. SULIT 37
10. (i) 1/f = 1/u+1/v
1/-15 = 1/20 + 1/v
v = - 8.6 cm
(ii) Magnification = v/u
= 8.6 / 20
= 0.43
(iii) virtual, upright and diminished
11. (i) 1/f = 1/v + 1/u
1/5 = ½ +1/v
v = -3.33 cm
(ii) m = v/u
=3.33/2
= 1.67 times
2
2
12.
(i)
sin  = 0.75
 = 48.6o
(ii)
 = 41.8 oC
(iii)
sin b = 0.9642
b = 74.6o
β = 15.4o
1
1
1
1
1
13. (i) 4 cm
(ii) 5 Hz
(iii) 20 cm s-1
2
1
2

38. SULIT 38
14. (i) Np= Vp
Ns Vs
= 240
12
= 20
Ratio = 20 : 1
(ii) P = IV
I = 60 /12
= 5 A
(iii) 80 = Po x 100
Pi
80 = 60x 100
Ip (240)
Ip = 0.3125A
15. eV = ½ me v2
1.6 x 10-19 (3 x 103) = ½ (9.0 x 10-31) v2
v = 3.27 x 107 m s-1
16.(i) (i) 1 ½ ¼ 1/8
(ii)
(iii) 3T½ = 3 X 8 days
= 24 days
(ii) 32 days = 32/8
= 4 T½
20 mg 10 mg 5 mg 2.5 mg 1.25 mg
or
(½)4 X 20 = 5/4
= 1.25 mg
SECTION VIII A – Paper 3 Section A
Question 1
a (i) Angle of incidence / i
(ii) Angle of refraction / r // sin r
(iii) Refractive index of the glass block
(b) & (c)
i sin i r sin r

39. SULIT 39
15o
0.2588 11o
0.1908
30o
0.5000 20o
0.3420
45o
0.7071 29o
0.4848
60o
0.8660 36o
0.5878
75o
0.9659 41o
0.6561
(d) Draw graph sinr against sin i corecltly
(e) sin i is directly proportional to sin r
Question 2
QUESTION ANSWER MARK
5
a) (i) d increases as t increase 1
a) (ii)
 Draw a dotted line at t = 0.4 s
 d = 0.46 m
1
(show on the
graph)
1
(answer + unit)
b) (i)
 Draw a tangent line at t = 0.5s
 Draw a big triangle (shown on the graph)
Gradient, m =
PQ
=
1.64 - 0
QR 0.7 – 0.31
= 4.2051 ms
-1
1
1
1
(shows the
working)
1
(correct answer
+ unit; 2 to 4
d.p.)
b) (ii) a =
2m
=
(2)( 4.2051)
T 0.5
= 16.8204 ms
-2
1
(substitution)
1
(answer + unit)c) (i) Velocity 1
c) (ii) Velocity increases as time increase 1

40. SULIT 40
QUESTION ANSWER MARK
d)
Avoid parallax error by making sure the eye is perpendicular to the scale of
metre rule when measuring displacement
1
TOTAL 12

41. SULIT 41
SECTION VIII B– EXPERIMENT (Paper 3 Section B)
Question1 [Force and Motion]
No Answer
(a)
Inference The force affects the acceleration
(b) Hypothesis The greater the force, the greater the acceleration
(c) i. Aim
ii. Variables
iii. List of apparatus
and materials
To investigate the relationship between the force and the acceleration
Manipulated variable : Force. F (weight of the load)
Responding variable : acceleration, a
Fixed variable : Mass of the trolley, m
A trolley, runway, ticker- timer, ticker-tape, power supply,metre rule and
wooden block
States the workable arrangement of the apparatus
Set up
Set up the apparatus as shown in the diagram.
States the method of controlling the manipulated variable
Use load of F = 0.5 N to pull the trolley down the runway.
States the method of measuring the responding variable
Switch on the power supply and release the trolley.
Cut the ticker tape into 5-tick strips and a tape chart for the motion of the trolley
is made.
Calculate the acceleration of the using
t
uv
a

 and record the data.
a.c power supply

42. SULIT 42
No Answer
Repeat the experiment at least 4 times
Repeat the experiment by using F = 1.0 N, 1.5 N, 2.0 N, 2.5, N and 3.0 N.
Tabulating of data
Force, F/ N acceleration , a /cms-2
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
State how data will be analysed
Plot graph of acceleration against Force
a/cms-2
F/N

43. SULIT 43
QUESTION 2 (FORCE AND MOTION)
No Answer
(a) Inference The mass affects the acceleration
(b) hypothesis The greater the mass, the smaller the acceleration
(c) i. Aim
ii. Variables
iii. List of apparatus
and materials
To investigate the relationship between the mass and the acceleration
Manipulated variable : mass. m
Responding variable : acceleration, a
Fixed variable : Mass of the trolley, m
A trolley, runway, ticker- timer, ticker-tape, power supply,metre rule and
wooden block
States the workable arrangement of the apparatus
Set up
the apparatus as shown in the diagram.
Use load of F = 0.5 N to pull the trolley down the runway.
States the method of controlling the manipulated variable
Use trolley with the mass, m = 500 g
States the method of measuring the responding variable
Switch on the power supply and release the trolley.
Cut the ticker tape into 5-tick strips and a tape chart for the motion of the trolley
is made.
Calculate the acceleration of the using
t
uv
a

 and record the data.
Repeat the experiment at least 4 times
a.c power supply

44. SULIT 44
No Answer
Repeat the experiment by using m = 1000 g, 1500 g, 2000 g and 2500 g
Tabulating of data
Mass, m/ g acceleration , a /cms-2
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
State how data will be analysed
Plot graph of acceleration against Mass
a/cms-2
m/g
Question3 [Force and Motion]
No Answer
(a) Inference The speed affects the position of the driver when the car stops suddenly
(b) Hypothesis The greater the speed, the longer the distance to stop
(c) i. Aim To investigate the relationship between the speed and the distance
ii. Variables Manipulated variable : the height , h (the more the height, the greater the
speed)
Responding variable : the distance, s
Constant variable : the mass, m
iii. List of apparatus
and materials
runway, load, trolley, ticker timer and ticker tape, power supply, metre rule.

45. SULIT 45
No Answer
Labeled diagram:
Measure the height, h =10.0 cm of the inclined plane from the surface.
Let the trolley moves down the inclined plane.
Calculate the speed of the trolley, v from the ticker tape obtained.
Measure the forward distance of the load, s
Repeat the experiment with h = 15.0 cm, 20.0 cm, 25.0 cm, 30.0 cm and 35.0
cm.
height, h /
cm
speed, v (cms-1)
Forward distance, s
(cm)
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
The graph(axis) of s against v or h is drawn
TOTAL
Question 4 [Force and Motion]
No Answer
(a) Inference The compression of the spring affects the vertical distance of the projectile
(b) hypothesis The greater the compression of the spring, the greater the vertical distance of
the projectile
(c) i. Aim
ii. Variables
iii. List of apparatus
and materials
To investigate the relationship between the compression of the spring and the
vertical distance of the projectile
Manipulated variable : compression of the spring. x
Responding variable : vertical distance of the projectile, a
Fixed variable : Mass of the ping pong ball, m
A spring, ping pong ball,metre rule
Inclined plane
h
s
h
s

46. SULIT 46
No Answer
States the workable arrangement of the apparatus
Set up the apparatus as shown in the diagram.
States the method of controlling the manipulated variable
Compress the spring, x = 1.0 cm with the ping pong ball
States the method of measuring the responding variable
Release the ping pong ball
Measure the maximum distance of the ping pong ball, h using metre rule.
Repeat the experiment at least 4 times
Repeat the experiment by using x = 1.5 cm, 2.0 cm, 2.5, cm and 3.0 cm.
Tabulating of data
Compression of
the spring, x/ cm
vertical distance of the projectile ,
h /cm
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
State how data will be analysed

47. SULIT 47
No Answer
Plot graph of h against x
h/cm
x/cm
Question 5 [Force and Pressure]
No Answer
(a)
(b)
(c) (
i
)
Inference State a suitable inference
The pressure exerted on the surface depends on the area of contact.
Hypothesis State a relevant hypothesis
When the area decrease, the pressure increases
(i) Aim State the aim of experiment
To investigate the relationship between the area of contact and
pressure (depth of hole).
(ii) Variables State the suitable manipulated variables and responding variable (Quantity
that can be measured)
Manipulated variable : Area of contact object.
Responding variable : pressure exerted (depth of hole)
State the constant variable
Force applied (using 1 kg load)
(iii) List of
Apparatus and
Materials
State the complete list of apparatus and materials
Vernier caliper, soft plasticine, ruler, Load 1 kg, the object with different surface
area but same weight.
Draw the functional arrangement of the apparatus

48. SULIT 48
No Answer
(v)
State the method to control the manipulated variable
Measure the bottom area of the wooden block with vernier caliper/ruler, A1 cm
2
.
Place the wooden block on the plasticine.
Place the 1 kg load on the top of the wooden block.
State the method to measure the responding variable
Remove the load and wooden block. Measure the depth of hole using vernier
caliper and record it.
Repeat the experiment at least 4 times with the values
Procedure 2 and Procedure 3 are repeated using A2,A3,A4,and A5
(Note : Based on SPM standard , at least five manipulated values required.)
State how the data tabulated with the title MV and RV
Area of contact/ cm
2
Depth,x /mm
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
State how the data is analysed, plot a graph RV against MV
Depth,x/mm
Area of contact,A/ cm
2
Question 6 [Force and Pressure]
No Answer
(a)
Inference State a suitable inference
The pressure of liquid is depends on the depth
(b) ypothesis State a relevant hypothesis
The pressure of liquid increases as its depth increases.
(c) (ii) Aim State the aim of experiment
To investigate the relationship between the pressure and depth.
(ii) Variables State the manipulated variable and the responding variable
Manipulated : Depth, h
Responding : The pressure of liquid, P (difference of length of the liquid in

49. SULIT 49
No Answer
manometer, y)
State ONE variable that kept constant
The density of liquid
(iii) List of
Apparatus and
Materials
Complete list of apparatus and materials
Tall beaker, thistle funnel, manometer, metre rule
Arrangement of apparatus :
State the method of controlling the manipulated variable
1. Set up the apparatus as shown in the diagram.
2. Immerse the thistle funnel into the water until depth, h = 6.0 cm
State the method of measuring the responding variable
3. Measure the difference of length of the liquid in manometer, y by using ametre
rule.
Repeat the experiment
4. Repeat the experiment using h = 8.0 cm, 10.0 cm, 12.0 cm and 14.0 cm.
Tabulation of data:
h, cm
difference of length of the liquid
in manometer, y / cm
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0

50. SULIT 50
No Answer
Analyse the data .
y/ cm
Depth, h / cm
Question 7 [Heat]
No Answer
(a)
Inference State a suitable inference
The type of fin affects the absorption of heat energy.
(b) Hypothesis State a relevant hypothesis
The smaller the specific heat capacity, the less the time taken to increase the
temperature of the water in the tank
(c) (i) Aim State the aim of experiment
To investigate the relationship between the specific heat capacity and the time
taken to increase the temperature
(ii) Variables State the manipulated variable and the responding variable
Manipulated : The specific heat capacity, c
Responding : increase the temperature, θ
State ONE variable that kept constant
time taken to increase the temperature, t
Complete list of apparatus and materials
5 different material of 1 kg of metal block with different specific heat capacity,
thermometer, ac power supply, heater, oil, felt, stop watch

51. SULIT 51
No Answer
Arrangement of apparatus :
State the method of controlling the manipulated variable
1. Set up the apparatus as shown in the diagram.
2. Measure the initial temperature of the aluminium block, T1
State the method of measuring the responding variable
1. Switch on the power supply and simultaneously start the stop watch
2. Switch off the power supply after 5 minutes and record the maximum
temperature, T2 using the thermometer.
3. Calculate the change in temperature, θ = T2 - T1
Repeat the experiment
4. Repeat the experiment using copper, glass, plumbum and steel blocks with
different specific heat capacity.
Tabulation of data:
solid block specific heat capacity, c (J kg
-1
o
C
-1
)
Θ,
o
C
aluminium
copper
glass
plumbum
steel
Analyse the data .
Θ,
o
C
specific heat capacity, c (J kg
-1 o
C
-1
)

52. SULIT 52
Question 8 [Heat]
No Answer
(a)
Inference State a suitable inference
The rate of cooling of an object depends on its volume//mass.
(b) Hypothesis State a relevant hypothesis
The rate of cooling of water increases as its volume//mass decreases.
(c) (ii) Aim State the aim of experiment
To investigate the relationship between the rat e of cooling of water and its
volume//mass.
(ii) Variables State the manipulated variable and the responding variable
Manipulated : volume //mass of water
Responding : Rate of cooling
State ONE variable that kept constant
Initial temperature / Final temperature
Complete list of apparatus and materials
Beaker 250 cm
3
, measuring cylinder, water, electric heater.stopwatch, thermometer,
triple beam balance.
Arrangement of apparatus :
State the method of controlling the manipulated variable
5. Apparatus is set as shown in the above figure.
6. Water is heated to 55
o
C.
7. 50 g // 50 cm
3
of water is placed in a 250 ml beaker with a thermometer
immersed in the water.

53. SULIT 53
No Answer
State the method of measuring the responding variable
8. The stopwatch is started when the temperature of the water is at 50
o
C. The
stopwatch is stopped when the temperature reaches 35
o
C. The time, t is
recorded.
Repeat the experiment at least 4 times
5. The experiment is repeated using mass of water...................// volumes of water
100 cm
3
, 150 cm
3
, 200 cm
3
and 250 cm
3
.
Tabulation of data:
Mass, m (g) Time, t (s)
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
250.0
Analyse the data .
Time, t (s)
Mass, m (g)
Total marks12
Question 9[HEAT]
No Answer
(a) Inference State a suitable inference
The volume of gas depend on its temperature
(b) Hypothesis State a relevant hypothesis
.The volume of gas increases as its temperature increases
(c) (iii) Aim State the aim of experiment
To investigate the relationship between the volume of gas and its temperature.

54. SULIT 54
No Answer
(ii) Variables State the manipulated variable and the responding variable
Manipulated : Temperature
Responding : The volume of gas
State ONE variable that kept constant
Mass of gas
List of Apparatus
and material
Complete list of apparatus and materials
Capillary tube, thermometer, water, metre rule and sulphuric acid
Arrangement of apparatus :
State the method of controlling the manipulated variable
9. Apparatus is set as shown in the above figure.
10. Water is heated to 30
0
C.
State the method of measuring the responding variable
11. The vertical column of trapped air is measured by using metre rule.
Repeat the experiment at least 4 times
4. The experiment is repeated using the temperature 40
0
C, 50
0
C, 60
0
C and 70
0
C.
Tabulation of data:
Temperature, T (
o
C) Volume of gas, V (cm
3
)
30
40
50
60
70
Analyse the data .

55. SULIT 55
No Answer
Volume of gas
Temperature
Total 12
Question 10 [Light]
No Answer
Inference State a suitable inference
The image distance/size of image depends on the object distance
(a) Hypothesis States a relevants hypothesis
The longer the object distance, the smaller the image distance/size of image
(b) Aim State the aim of experiment
To study the relationship between the object distance and the/image distance// the height
of the image
(c ) (Variables State the manipulated variable and the responding variable
Manipulated variable : Object distance, u
Responding variable : image distance, v // height of the image
State ONE variable that kept constant
Fixed variable : The power of the lens.
Complete list of apparatus and materials
Convex lens, meter rule, screen, lens holder, object

56. SULIT 56
No Answer
States the workable arrangement of the apparatus
States the method of controlling the manipulated variable
The object distance is measured to be u = 20.0 cm.
States the method of measuring the responding variable
The image distance // the height of the image that formed on the screen is measured
using the meter rule.
Repeat the experiment at least 4 times
The experiment is repeated by using different values of u = 25 cm, 30 cm, 35 cm, 40 cm
dan 45 cm.
Tabulating of data
The object distance, u (cm) The image distance, v (cm)
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
State how data will be analysed
Plot graph ofobject distance against the image distance // the height of image
Graph of v against u
The image distance // The height of image(cm)
The object distance, u (cm)

57. SULIT 57
Question11 [Waves]
No Answer
1 (a) Inference The color of monochromatic light affects the distance between two
consecutive fringes
(b) hypothesis The greater the wavelength, the greater the distance between two
consecutive fringes
(c) iv. Aim
v. Variables
vi. List of
apparatus
and
materials
To investigate the relationship between the force and the distance between
two consecutive fringes
Manipulated variable : the wavelength, 
Responding variable : the distance between two consecutive fringes
Fixed variable : the distance between the source of
monochromatic light to the screen, D
A power supply, monochromatic light source of different colors, single slit,
Young’s double slits, screen, meter rule
States the workable arrangement of the apparatus
Set up the apparatus as shown in the diagram.
States the method of controlling the manipulated variable
Use red color of light with the wavelength, 1
States the method of measuring the responding variable
Switch on the power supply and observe the alternately bright and dark fringes
Measure the distance between 2 consecutive bright fringes, x and record the
data

58. SULIT 58
No Answer
Total
12
Repeat the experiment at least 4 times
Repeat the experiment using 4 different colors with different wavelength, 2 , 3, 4 and
5
Tabulating of data
wavelength, (m)
The distance between two
consecutive fringes, x (cm)
1
2
3
4
5
State how data will be analysed
Plot a graph of x against 
The distance between two consecutive fringes, x (cm)
The wavelength,  (m)
Question 12 [Waves]
No Answer
1 (a) Inference The displacement of the string affects the loudness
(b) hypothesis The greater the displacement of the string, the greater the amplitude
(c) Aim
Variables
To investigate the relationship between the displacement of the string and the
distance between two consecutive fringes
Manipulated variable : the displacement of the string, d
Responding variable : the amplitude, x
Fixed variable : the tension of the string
A stretched string, a microphone, a CRO

59. SULIT 59
No Answer
Total
12
vii.List of
apparatus
and
materials
States the workable arrangement of the apparatus
Set up the apparatus as shown in the diagram.
States the method of controlling the manipulated variable
Use red color of light with the wavelength, 1
States the method of measuring the responding variable
Switch on the power supply and observe the alternately bright and dark fringes
Measure the distance between 2 consecutive bright fringes, x and record the
data
Repeat the experiment at least 4 times
Repeat the experiment using 4 different colors with different wavelength, 2 , 3, 4 and 5
Tabulating of data
displacement of
the string
The distance between two
consecutive fringes, x (cm)
1
2
3
4
5
State how data will be analysed
Plot a graph of x against 
The displacement of the string, x (cm)
The wavelength,  (m)

60. SULIT 60
Question 13 (Electric)
No Answer
(a)
Inference Brightness/Current depends on the thickness/diameter/cross sectional
area of the wire
(b) hypothesis The current I increases when the diameter of the wire increase
(c) (i)
Aim
Variables
viii.
To investigate the relationship between current and the diameter of a
wire
Manipulated variable : diameter of the wire
Responding variable : current
Fixed variable : the length of wire
(iii)
List of
apparatus and
materials
Dry cells, voltmeter, ammeter, conductor wire, switch
(iv)
Procedure
(v) Use conductor wire with diameter of, d = 0.2mm.
Record the reading of the ammeter and tabulate the data.
Repeat the experiment using d = 0.4mm, 0.6mm, 0.8mm and 1.0mm
V
A

61. SULIT 61
No Answer
(vi) Diameter/mm Current/A
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
A
(vii)
TOTAL 12
No Answer
Inference Inference : The heating effect of a conductor is affected by the current.
hypothesis Hypothesis : The larger the current, the higher the temperature of the water which is being
heated
Aim
Variables
Aim : To investigate the effect of current on heating
Variable:
MV : current ,I
RV : temperature , 
Constant Variable : volume of water , inertial temperature of water
List of
apparatus and
Beaker, ammeter, immersion heater, thermometer, connecting wire, rheostat and stop watch
Current/A
Diameter/mm

62. SULIT 62
No Answer
materials
Arrangement of apparatus:
Procedure Pour 200cm3 of water into the beaker and measure its temperature.
Switch on the circuit and adjust the rheostat until the reading of ammeter is 1.0 A.
The stop watch is started. The final temperature is recorded after 2 minutes.
Step repeated by adjusting the rheostat so that the ammeter readings are 2.0 A, 3.0
A, 4.0 A and 5.0 A.
Tabulation of data
Current, A Increase in temperature, °C
Analysis of data.
Sketch the graph of increase in temperature against current.
TOTAL 12
Question 15 (Electromagnet)
No Answer
15(a) Inference The number of dry cells affects the movement of the hammer
(b) Hypothesis: The bigger the current flow , the stronger the electromagnet (the more the
number of pins attracted)

63. SULIT 63
© Aim : To investigate the relationship between the electric current and the strength
of the electromagetic
No Answer
No Answer
Variables Variables : Manipulated : electric current flow, I
Responding :the number of pins attracted, n
Constant Variable: Thenumber of turns of the coil
List of
apparatus
Solenoid, large iron nail, iron pins,ammeter , rheostat and power supply.
Arrangement
of apparatus:
(labeled
diagram)
Control of
Manipulated
Variable :
Wind the insulated wire around the large iron nail with 50 coils .
Switch on the circuit and adjust the rheostat until the current flow I = 0.5 A
Measurement
of Responding
Variable :
Bring the container filled with iron pins until it touches the solenoid
Record the number of iron nails attracted by the solenoid, n
Repeat the experiment with I = 1.0 A, 1.5 A, 2.0 A and 2.5 A with a constant
number of turns.
Tabulation of data
Electric current, I (A) No of nails attracted
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Analysis of data.
Sketch the graph of n against I
TOTAL 12

64. SULIT 64
Answer No
(b) Hypothesis: The bigger the current flow , the stronger the electromagnet (the more the number
of pins attracted)
1
(c) Aim : To investigate the relationship between the electric current and the strength of the
electromagnetic 1
Variables : Manipulated : electric current flow, I
Responding :the number of pins attracted, n
1
Constant Variable: Thenumber of turns of the coil 1
List of apparatus :Solenoid, large iron nail, iron pins,ammeter , rheostat and power supply. 1
Arrangement of apparatus: (labeled diagram)
1
Control of Manipulated Variable :
Wind the insulated wire around the large iron nail with 50 coils .
Switch on the circuit and adjust the rheostat until the current flow I = 0.5 A
1
Measurement of Responding Variable :
Bring the container filled with iron pins until it touches the solenoid
Record the number of iron nails attracted by the solenoid, n
1
Repeat the experiment with I = 1.0 A, 1.5 A, 2.0 A and 2.5 A with a constant number of turns. 1
Tabulation of data
Electric current, I (A) No of nails attracted
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
1

65. SULIT 65
Analysis of data.
Sketch the graph of n against I 1
TOTAL 12