The document discusses the root problems causing flooding and water scarcity in Jakarta, Indonesia. Jakarta has experienced land use changes without conservation efforts, relying solely on horizontal drainage methods. This has led to increased surface runoff and reduced infiltration. In the past during the time of Prabu Siliwangi, land use prioritized forests and villages, allowing high infiltration of 73-95% and low surface runoff of 5-27%. However, modern land use has reduced infiltration to just 5-27% and increased surface runoff. The document proposes solutions like developing green spaces, blue spaces, artificial recharge wells, and upstream dams and ponds to shift from horizontal to vertical drainage and

1. Find The Root Problem of
Water
(Flooding & Scarcity of Raw Water)
Fortuga ITB
FATCHY.M – June 2013
Jl B mawar 39, Cipete Jak Sel
021-75900389 , fatchy@indosat.net.id

2. JAKARTA PROFILE & FACTS
 JKT area = 661 Km2
 JKT population ( 2012 ) = 10,1
million people
 Rainfall = 2,300 mm/Year
( 2.3 M3/M2/Year )
 Need water = 737.3 million M3 /
Year
 Dry season JKT shortage of water =
10 M3/sec
 Amount of rainwater in JKT = 1.5
billion M3 / Year
 JKT flooding if rainfall > 40 mm/ 2
hours

3. The Root Problem of JAKARTA
•
“ Land use change without conservation “
• “ Flood solution always by horizontal drainage method“
• When C (Coef Run Off ) increase in size resulted Q ( Discharge ) it getting
bigger after that will be enlarged A ( cross section area ).
Q = 0,278 C x i x A
Q
C
I
A
: Discharge (m3/sec)
: Coefisien run off
: intensity rainfall (mm)
: catchment area ( km2 )
Q=VxA
Q : Discharge (m3/sec)
V : Velocity (m/sec)
A : cross section area ( m2 )

4. Ideal Cycle , The Time of Prabu Siliwangi : year 1.482 – 1.521
Forest
Delta Q <<

5. Ideal Cycle , The Time of Prabu Siliwangi : year 1.482 – 1.521
P = SR + I + ( T + E )
Forest & Village
Infiltration ( I )
= 73% ~95%
1
I
Surface Run Off ( SR ) = 5 % ~ 27%
2
I
3
4
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Un Con
CLAY-1
Confined-1
CLAY-2
Confined-2
5
SR
SEA LEVEL

6. Change of Land use – 1
Tea Garden Puncak : Dutch Time, Year 1900

7. Change of Land use – 1
Flood Canal by Prof H van Breen th 1920
Q = 0,278 C I A
Q=VxA
Tea Garden
P
Infiltration
= 50% ~ 70%
1
I
2
Surface Run Off = 30% ~ 50%
I
3
SR
Q
4
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Un Con
CLAY-1
Confined-1
CLAY-2
Confined-2
5
SEA LEVEL

8. Change of Land use - 2
Mampang river : mirror of Jakarta
July 2006
(100 % Catchment Area 31 Km2 at JKT)
Feb 2007

9. Change of Land use - 2
JKT 2013 flooding if rainfall > 40 mm/2 hours
Big City
• Infiltration
= 5% ~ 27%
• Surface Run Off = 73% ~ 95%
West Canal
1
I
“OVERLOAD”
2
East Canal ?
3
Reduce
Ground Water
4
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Un Con
CLAY-1
Confined-1
CLAY-2
Confined-2
5
SR
Flooding
SEA LEVEL RISE

10. SOLUTION for JAKARTA “ Total Conservation “
Change the Paradigm : horizontal drainage  vertical drainage
Big City + Conservation
• Infiltration = 73% ~ 95%
P
• Surface Run Off = 5% ~ 27%
1
West & East CANAL
2
People easy
To get
Ground Water
“Light Load”
3
Ground Water
Abundant
4
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Un Con
CLAY-1
Confiined-1
CLAY-2
Confined-2
5
Free
Flooding
SEA LEVEL

11. I. Flood solutions ( North Jakarta )
1. Muara Baru Dam
2. Pond ( polder system )
3. Rain Harvesting

12. II. Flood solutions ( South JKT ) :
Change the Paradigm : horizontal drainage to
vertical drainage
1. Development of Green space (RTH ) to 30 %
2. Development of Blue space ( RTB ) to 12 %. (Waduk/
Danau/ Embung Resapan )
3. Artificial Recharge ( 3.7 million Sumur Resapan ) by
Pemda DKI 60 % and by middle – upper class society
40 %
4. Lower class society ( biopori )

13. III.Parcel Flood Solutions :
from Depok, Bogor & Puncak
1. Waduk resapan at “ Old River “
• Location : Angke river, Pesanggrahan river,
Grogol river , Krukut river , Ciliwung river ,
Cipinang river and Sunter river.
• Raw water from Waduk Resapan for PDAM
Jakarta
2. Vertical deep tunnel > 300 m until Bojongmanik
/Klapanunggal formation( Limestone ) , water
loss formation.

14. Potential catchment areas Jakarta

15. Vertical Drainage
SAMPLE of SUMUR RESAPAN - PEMDA
SUMUR
RESAPAN
CONTROL
BOXES
ROAD SURFACE

16. Cross section ( Bogor –Jakarta )

17. Engineering
Geologic Map of
Jakarta Bogor Area
Potential sites of
“waduk resapan”
Raw water from Waduk
Resapan for PDAM Jakarta

18. Zero Run Off Program
Vertical drainage ( Sumur Resapan )
Kantong
Air
Sumur
resapan
Zero Run Off
Sumur
resapan
Sumur
resapan
Kantong
Air

19. Sample of Horizontal Drainage

20. Thank you,
arigato gozaimasu,
terima kasih.