6. (1) Mostly By External Carotid Artery ,
through :
a) Sphenopalatine artery : Main Artery .
b) Greater Palatine Artery .
c) Superior Labial branch of Facial Artery.
(2) Internal Carotid , through :
a) Anterior Ethmoidal Artery.
b) Posterior Ethmoidal Artery .
15. >90% of bleeds occur anteriorly and
arise from Little’s area,
where the Kiesselbach plexus forms
on the septum.
The Kiesselbach plexus is where
vessels from both the ICA and the ECA
. converge
16. -Nose picking .
-Nose blowing/sneezing.
-Nasal fracture .
-Nasogastric/nasotracheal intubation
-Trauma to sinuses, orbits, middle
ear, base of skull .
-Barotrauma.
Traumatic Underlying Causes
18. -there is evidence of trauma to the mid
face.
-Pain and tenderness in the nose.
-Nasal obstructoin.
-Deformity of the nose .
-skin laceration,
ecchymosis, epistaxis (bleeding from
within the nose), and cerebrospinal
fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea.
Clinical presentation
19. -Septal hematoma.
-Blowout fractures : Orbital wall and orbital
floor.
- extraocular muscle dysfunction.
-diplopia.
-Nasolacrimal duct injury.
-Infection: Although rare.
-Fracture of the cribriform plate (leakage of
CSF).
Complications
24. - Exposure to toxic gas or fumes
produced by a fire, leak, evaporation of
solvent, chemical reaction, fermentation
of silage, etc.,
25.
26. Complaining of some combination of :
- Coughing.
- wheezing.
- shortness of breath.
- irritation or running of eyes or nose.
- Loss of sense of smell.
- More severe symptoms include confusion
and narcosis.
Signs and Symptoms
28. - frequently seen in the pediatric setting
- can also affect adults, especially those with
mental retardation or psychiatric illness
29. - The most common locations for NFBs
to lodge are just anterior to the middle
turbinate or below the inferior turbinate
30. - FB are either Organic or inorganic
- Inorganic materials are often
asymptomatic and may be discovered
incidentally.
- Organic foreign bodies, including food,
rubber, wood, tend to be more irritating to
the nasal mucosa and thus may produce
earlier symptoms.
31. The patient may have :
-unilateral nasal drainage
- Smell foul odor
- Sneezing
- Epistaxis
- pain.
32. Complications
- result in inflammation, mucosal damage,
and extension into adjacent structures.
Reported complications include :
- Sinusitis
- acute otitis media
- Nasal septal perforation
- periorbital cellulitis
- Meningitis
- Acute epiglottitis
- Diphtheria
- Tetanus