a presentation on evolution, reproduction, and developement

1. What came first
Chicken or the Egg?
By: Felipe De la Garza Madrigal
Personal Project
June 5th 2013

2. Charles Darwin
• UK (1809-1882)
• First to have a justifiable theory
of evolution
• On the origin of species (1859)

3. Beagle Expedition
• 3o’s
• Found inspiration and
foundations for his theory
• Galapagos Islands
• Recommended for expedition
throughout the South American
Coast
• Took 5 years

5. Natural Selection
Created – 1938
Published – 1959
1.More offspring are produced than
can possibly survive,
2.traits vary among individuals,
leading to different rates of survival
and reproduction, and
3.trait differences are heritable.

6. Evolution
Simple  complex
Inferior  superior

7. Evolution
Biased Mutation:
Biased Mutation is mutation that is aimed or
focused toward a specific change.
Genetic Drift:
Genetic Drift affects the genetic frequencies.
Genetic frequencies are for example: 90%
have black hair, 10% blonde. So genetic Drift
is: if all the blond are in a church, and the
church catches on fire and burns down. Then
it’s now not going to be 90% black hair and
10% blonde; it’s going to be 99% brown hair
and 1% blond. They are changes in the genetic
frequencies, but Determined by fate; and fate
is if one of those genetic frequencies
disappears, If a part dies by a catastrophic
event.

8.  Genetic Hitchhiking:
 Gene Flow:
 Recombination allows alleles
on the same strand of DNA
to separate. Recombination
has low rate.
 When the changes in genetic
frequencies is on purpose.
For example: The number of
Jews in Europe drastically
decrease when the move to
America during World War II.
 Genes close together on a
chromosome may not always
be shuffled away from each.


10. Chicken Facts

more than 24 billion in 2003

Humans were 6000,000,000 in 2003

11. Taxonomy

12. Taxonomy (Human)

13. uses

Food

Egg

meat

Cock fights

Pets

Breading (for food)

17. What did the Chicken come from
What laid the egg? Not a chicken

18. My Project

33. Interview
Gerardo Abadía Klinge, Biology professor.
The “Q” represents the person asking the question
The “A” represents the person giving the answer
Q – Do you believe in evolution?
A – you cannot ask weather of no t one believes, it sould be wahat you think about. But
never the less I think Darwin’s theory of evolution through natural selection makes sense
and is based on fact. That makes no one an atheist or believer.

34. Q – What can you tell us about Evolution?
A – Darwin makes sense. Fox, Oparin, Miller
kineosinthetic theories of evolution do not have
enough supporting evidence.
Q - Tracing the tree of life back to its origins,
every form of life in the planet would descend
from a single organism?
A – No, no, no, no, no.
Saying that different forms of life have a
common ancestor (true) is very different than
saying that percent forms of life are
modifications of earlier forms.

35. Q – What came first the chicken or the egg?
A – egg. no doubt
Q – Wouldn’t the egg come from a chicken?
A – The egg is the aminogram of the hen
Q – What is mutation?
A – any random damages to the instructions in
the DNA

36. Q – What is natural selection?
A – 1) More offspring are born than what can be
supported by the environment
2) There are differences among offspring
3) Some of the differences allow offspring to
survive
Q – Is it the survival of the fittest or of the best
adapted?
A – Fittest
4) Only those who survive, get to reproduce
5) New generations have characteristics of those
who survived to reproduce

37. Q – What is Biased Mutation?
A – Mutation that is aimed or focused toward a
specific change.
Q – What is Genetic Drift?
A – affects the genetic frequencies.
Genetic frequencies are for example: 90% have
black hair, 10% blonde. So genetic Drift is: if all
the blond are in a church, and the church catches
on fire and burns down. Then it’s now not going
to be 90% black hair and 10% blonde; it’s going
to be 99% brown hair and 1% blond. They are
changes in the genetic frequencies, but
Determined by fate; and fate is if one of those
genetic frequencies disappears, If a part dies by a
catastrophic event.

38. Q – What is Genetic Hitchhiking?
A – Recombination allows alleles on the same
strand of DNA to separate. Recombination has
low rate.
Genes close together on a chromosome may not
always be shuffled away from each.
Q – What is Gene Flow?
A – When the changes in genetic frequencies is
on purpose. For example: The number of Jews in
Europe drastically decrease when the move to
America during World War II.

39. Q – If one can trace back the branches of the tree, before they split wouldn’t there be a population that doesn’t
belong to certain levels of biological taxonomy? In other words, wouldn’t the ancestor of dogs ( Canis lupus
familiaris) and wolves (Canis lupus lupus) be simply Canis lupus and secuentialy, wouldn’t that mean that it is
a member of no species but instead just a Genus?
A – No pero es que they both have the sam ancestor but…
Q – Ok, so if there is a species that with time is split in 2…
A – (interrupting) you HAVE to eliminate that concept that ‘it splits in 2!” What happens is that there
is a common ancestor, and from that common ancestor from which two different life forms form.
Q – Like the branches of a tree?
A – yes… but its not that one branch turned into two; the first one doesn’t disappear, it’s not one that
turns into two, there are now three: the two new ones and the original. That is kind of what species and
subspecies are.
Ok, so we have one sole species, a canary for example from that species of canary, a new species
appears that has a specialized beak to eat seeds. So now there is the original canary and this new species with the
modified beak for seeds. Then another appears with a beak modified to eat nectar from flowers. Now we have the
original, the one for seeds, and the one for nectar. So these are species that have a common ancestor, but the
common ancestor DOES NOT DISSAPEAR it is still one of the life forms.
Q – So it is like saying that millions of years ago hominidae started reproducing, and the far offspring
from one branch of descendants changed into a human-like species, while descendants from another branch
where practically the same hominid. So now we’re left with the monkeys and the humans, which both have the
same ancestor in a familiar sense, like a grandfather?
F – The point is that we (humans) are not a modified chimpanzee; the chimpanzees, and the gorillas,
and the bonobos and the human beings we have a common ancestor. That common ancestor got extinct,
unfortunately; but that common ancestor could still be a live primate.

40. Q – Thank you! I think that would be all.
F – But erase that idea from your head that
species get modified and start changing, no; from
one, two or three or fore come out, but the
common ancestor doesn’t get modified and
turned into a different species.