Colloquium talk at the Aspen Center for Physics on 13 June 2019.

1. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
WH AT EVE R H A PPE N E D TO
T H E WI M P O F T O M O R R OW ?
M O T I V A T I N G “ N E W F R O N T I E R S ” F O R D A R K M A T T E R
@ f l i p . t a n e d o ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
&
13 JUNE 2019
FLIP TANEDO

2. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
2
Outline
of the amazing potential that exists here.
f dark matter is made of some new kind of particle that we are able
and harness in high-energy colliders? Or what if in discovering
we figure out something about the laws of physics we didn’t know
re, such as a new fundamental interaction or a new way that the
teractions can work? And what if this new discovery lets us
e regular matter in new ways?
ne you’ve been playing a game your whole life, and suddenly you
t there are special rules or special new pieces you could be playing

3. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
3
Assumptions: dark matter existsimagined.
nk of the amazing potential that exists here.
at if dark matter is made of some new kind of particle that we a
uce and harness in high-energy colliders? Or what if in discoveWe Have No Idea, Cham & Whiteson

4. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
4
1. Rotation Curves
Rubin, Ford & Thonnard 1978
What we learn:
mass fraction
distribution
2. Cluster Dynamics
What we learn:
mass fraction
distribution
Zwicky 1937
3. Cluster Gas
What we learn:
mass fraction
distribution
~90% of the luminous
matter in a cluster is
hot gas
4. Strong Gravitational Lensing
What we learn:
mass fraction
distribution
5.Weak Gravitational Lensing
What we learn:
distribution
shape
structure
Dietrich et al. 2016
6. Cosmological Microlensing
What we learn:
mass fraction
smoothness
Lewis & Irwin 1996
Joachim Wambsganss
7. CMB Acoustic Peaks
What we learn:
ratio of DM/
collisional
matter
thermal history
Hinshaw et al. 2013
WMAP 9
SPT
ACT
odd-numbered peaks
boosted relative to even as
baryon fraction increases
8. Matter Power Spectrum
What we learn:
ratio of DM/
collisional
matter
thermal history
Chabanier et al. 2019
9. Large Scale Structure
What we learn:
ratio of DM/
collisional
matter
thermal history
Paul Angel, Tiamat Simulation
Excellent agreement
between simulations
and galaxy distribution
on the largest scales
10. Galaxy/Cluster Collisions
What we learn:
distribution
separation from
collisional
matter
self-interaction
NASA/Clowe et al. 2006
Difficult to explain
without
collisionless matter
11. Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
What we learn:
amount of
baryonic matter
PDG 2018
Remaining mystery:
lithium abundance
(but still need low
baryon fraction)
12. Local Stellar Motions
What we learn:
local dark
matter density
Buser 2000
Estimates:
ρDM ~ 0.3 GeV/cm3
~ 0.008 MSun/pc3
Evidence for DM Katie
ST 2
Katie Mack’s colloquium last week

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5
“Progress after Impasse”
Priya
SM 8
Tim
SM 3

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6
“Progress after Impasse”

7. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
7
Present status?

8. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
8
`
Present status?
Rebecca
ST 4

9. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
9
Outline
of the amazing potential that exists here.
f dark matter is made of some new kind of particle that we are able
and harness in high-energy colliders? Or what if in discovering
we figure out something about the laws of physics we didn’t know
re, such as a new fundamental interaction or a new way that the
teractions can work? And what if this new discovery lets us
e regular matter in new ways?
ne you’ve been playing a game your whole life, and suddenly you
t there are special rules or special new pieces you could be playing

10. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
10
Weakly Interacting Massive Particle
how weak?
“weak” or eak?W±
<latexit sha1_base64="smXTBkHfQl+094B8aAuLaVLnUvk=">AAAB7HicbVDLSgNBEOyNrxhfUY9eBoPgKeyKoMegF48R3CSQrGF2MpsMmccyMyuEJd/gxYMiXv0gb/6Nk2QPmljQUFR1090Vp5wZ6/vfXmltfWNzq7xd2dnd2z+oHh61jMo0oSFRXOlOjA3lTNLQMstpJ9UUi5jTdjy+nfntJ6oNU/LBTlIaCTyULGEEWyeF7cdeKvrVml/350CrJChIDQo0+9Wv3kCRTFBpCcfGdAM/tVGOtWWE02mllxmaYjLGQ9p1VGJBTZTPj52iM6cMUKK0K2nRXP09kWNhzETErlNgOzLL3kz8z+tmNrmOcibTzFJJFouSjCOr0OxzNGCaEssnjmCimbsVkRHWmFiXT8WFECy/vEpaF/XArwf3l7XGTRFHGU7gFM4hgCtowB00IQQCDJ7hFd486b14797HorXkFTPH8Afe5w+0eI6a</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="smXTBkHfQl+094B8aAuLaVLnUvk=">AAAB7HicbVDLSgNBEOyNrxhfUY9eBoPgKeyKoMegF48R3CSQrGF2MpsMmccyMyuEJd/gxYMiXv0gb/6Nk2QPmljQUFR1090Vp5wZ6/vfXmltfWNzq7xd2dnd2z+oHh61jMo0oSFRXOlOjA3lTNLQMstpJ9UUi5jTdjy+nfntJ6oNU/LBTlIaCTyULGEEWyeF7cdeKvrVml/350CrJChIDQo0+9Wv3kCRTFBpCcfGdAM/tVGOtWWE02mllxmaYjLGQ9p1VGJBTZTPj52iM6cMUKK0K2nRXP09kWNhzETErlNgOzLL3kz8z+tmNrmOcibTzFJJFouSjCOr0OxzNGCaEssnjmCimbsVkRHWmFiXT8WFECy/vEpaF/XArwf3l7XGTRFHGU7gFM4hgCtowB00IQQCDJ7hFd486b14797HorXkFTPH8Afe5w+0eI6a</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="smXTBkHfQl+094B8aAuLaVLnUvk=">AAAB7HicbVDLSgNBEOyNrxhfUY9eBoPgKeyKoMegF48R3CSQrGF2MpsMmccyMyuEJd/gxYMiXv0gb/6Nk2QPmljQUFR1090Vp5wZ6/vfXmltfWNzq7xd2dnd2z+oHh61jMo0oSFRXOlOjA3lTNLQMstpJ9UUi5jTdjy+nfntJ6oNU/LBTlIaCTyULGEEWyeF7cdeKvrVml/350CrJChIDQo0+9Wv3kCRTFBpCcfGdAM/tVGOtWWE02mllxmaYjLGQ9p1VGJBTZTPj52iM6cMUKK0K2nRXP09kWNhzETErlNgOzLL3kz8z+tmNrmOcibTzFJJFouSjCOr0OxzNGCaEssnjmCimbsVkRHWmFiXT8WFECy/vEpaF/XArwf3l7XGTRFHGU7gFM4hgCtowB00IQQCDJ7hFd486b14797HorXkFTPH8Afe5w+0eI6a</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="smXTBkHfQl+094B8aAuLaVLnUvk=">AAAB7HicbVDLSgNBEOyNrxhfUY9eBoPgKeyKoMegF48R3CSQrGF2MpsMmccyMyuEJd/gxYMiXv0gb/6Nk2QPmljQUFR1090Vp5wZ6/vfXmltfWNzq7xd2dnd2z+oHh61jMo0oSFRXOlOjA3lTNLQMstpJ9UUi5jTdjy+nfntJ6oNU/LBTlIaCTyULGEEWyeF7cdeKvrVml/350CrJChIDQo0+9Wv3kCRTFBpCcfGdAM/tVGOtWWE02mllxmaYjLGQ9p1VGJBTZTPj52iM6cMUKK0K2nRXP09kWNhzETErlNgOzLL3kz8z+tmNrmOcibTzFJJFouSjCOr0OxzNGCaEssnjmCimbsVkRHWmFiXT8WFECy/vEpaF/XArwf3l7XGTRFHGU7gFM4hgCtowB00IQQCDJ7hFd486b14797HorXkFTPH8Afe5w+0eI6a</latexit>
interacting
with what?
how
massive?
in what regime
is it particle-y?

11. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
11
Weakly Interacting Massive Particle
electroweak
interactions
electroweak
particles
electroweak
mass
yeah,
it’s a particle
F O R T H I S TA L K :
This talk: what’s the value of this definition?

12. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
12
Defining the WIMP
Bertone & Hooper, “History of Dark Matter,” 1605.04909, RMP
Michael
SM 15
https://www.aspenphys.org

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13
The original WIMP
This talk ignores neutrinos,
the original WIMP
Simon
ST 6

14. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
14
Outline
of the amazing potential that exists here.
f dark matter is made of some new kind of particle that we are able
and harness in high-energy colliders? Or what if in discovering
we figure out something about the laws of physics we didn’t know
re, such as a new fundamental interaction or a new way that the
teractions can work? And what if this new discovery lets us
e regular matter in new ways?
ne you’ve been playing a game your whole life, and suddenly you
t there are special rules or special new pieces you could be playing

15. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
15
A historical fiction about the WIMP
… an imaginary story which
told the final tale of the Silver
Age Superman and his long
mythology …
via Wikipedia 6/2019
actual history
grad students should cite this

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16
Particle Physics, circa 1990s
/ /
¯ / − /
¯ / /
/ −/
¯ / −
/
/
( ) ( )
fundamental forces
matterparticles
or something to explain
unitarity of WW scattering
?

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17
Particle PhysicsIn Which You Learn You Are Quite Weird and
Special
From We Have No Idea, Cham and Whiteson

18. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
18MAXIMILIEN BRICE, CERN via National Geographic (May 2012)

19. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
19D. Overbye, New York Times, 4 July 2012

20. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
it mean? Who will help us in our hour of need? The answer is: the Hig
boson.
The Higgs Boson
In 2012 particle physicists announced the discovery of the Higgs boso
great international fanfare. Almost nobody understood what the Higgs
was, but lots of people got very excited. The New York Times wrote th
“represents the very best of what the process of science can offer to m
civilization.” That’s right, the Higgs boson is apparently better than
computers, flushing toilets, and reality TV.35
So what is the Higgs boson? Here’s a quiz to test your knowledge
now and then again after you read this chapter. We hope that at the ve
your score will not decrease.
20
Known Unknowns in Particle Physics
Why is the Higgs boson light?
Hierarchy Problem
an incomplete list!
Why is there more matter than antimatter? Baryogenesis Problem
Why is ϴYM small? Strong CP Problem
What is the origin of neutrino mass?
…
Dark matter is not even in our current mathematical or physical models of the
universe. There is a large amount of stuff out there silently pulling on us, and
we don’t know what it is. We can’t possibly claim to understand our universe
without understanding this huge part of it.
Now, before you start feeling paranoid about weird, dark, mysterious
stuff floating all around you, consider this: what if dark matter is something
awesome?
Dark matter is made of something that we have no direct experience with.
It’s something we haven’t seen before, and it might behave in ways we
haven’t imagined.
Think of the amazing potential that exists here.
What if dark matter is made of some new kind of particle that we are able
to produce and harness in high-energy colliders? Or what if in discovering
what it is, we figure out something about the laws of physics we didn’t know
about before, such as a new fundamental interaction or a new way that the
existing interactions can work? And what if this new discovery lets us
manipulate regular matter in new ways?
Imagine you’ve been playing a game your whole life, and suddenly you
realize that there are special rules or special new pieces you could be playing
with. What amazing technology or understanding could be unlocked by
figuring out what dark matter is and how it works?
We can’t stay in the dark about it forever. Just because it’s dark doesn’t
mean it doesn’t matter.
What is dark matter?
Missing Mass Problem
Other puzzles (possibly related to dark matter?)

21. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
21
The Hierarchy Problem
The Higgs has a
snowball’s chance in
hell of being 125 GeV.
FT, Quantum Diaries, “The Hierarchy Problem” (2012)
(and yet here we are)

22. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
22
The Hierarchy Problem
FT, Quantum Diaries, “The Hierarchy Problem” (2012)
supersymmetry
or
extra dimensions,
compositeness…

23. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
23
A favorite answer: supersymmetry
matter particle force particle
force particle matter particle
N E W PA R T I C L E SV I S I B L E S T U F F
SUSY

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24
For the most part, it works
… a little bit of model-building required.

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25
Preventing Proton Decay: R-parity
¯d
¯u
e¯d,e¯s,e¯b
4 1
Q
L
¯u ¯u
y squarks. Arrows indicate helicity and should not be confus
rac spinors [14]. Tildes indicate superpartners while bars a
les into left-chiral fields in the conjugate representation.
perfield Matter parity
on of this is to impose the above constrain
PR = ( )3(B L)+2s
,
of the field. Conservation of matter parity
2s
factor always cancels in any interaction
m has an even number of fermions. Obs
rpartner fields have R-parity 1. (This i
grams assocaited with electroweak precisio
parity requires pair-production of superp
ns cannot occur at tree-level and must co
PR[ ordinary matter ] = +
PR[ superpartner ] = −
Added bonus:
lightest superpartner is stable.
Dark matter is not even in our current mathematical or physical models
universe. There is a large amount of stuff out there silently pulling on us
we don’t know what it is. We can’t possibly claim to understand our uni
without understanding this huge part of it.
Now, before you start feeling paranoid about weird, dark, mysteriou
stuff floating all around you, consider this: what if dark matter is someth
awesome?
Dark matter is made of something that we have no direct experience
It’s something we haven’t seen before, and it might behave in ways we
haven’t imagined.
Think of the amazing potential that exists here.
?

26. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
26
Known Unknowns
mh ? Missing Mass

27. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
27
The story so far: SUSY
mh ?
SUSY New Particles
p+ stability
R-parity
?
Dark Matter !
Missing Mass

28. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
28
Weakly-Interacting Massive Particle
mh ?
Dark Matter !
Weak scale mass ~100 GeV
Weak scale interaction strength GF
No additional parameters (roughly)
Missing Mass

29. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
29
One thing that we do know: density
Dark Matter !
Missing Mass
Approx. 1 WIMP
per mug of coffee
~ GeV / cm3

30. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
30
Weakly-Interacting Massive Particle
mh ?
Dark Matter !
Weak scale mass ~100 GeV
Weak scale interaction strength GF
No additional parameters (roughly)
Missing Mass
How much dark matter do we predict?

31. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
31
How much dark matter is there?
1 10
equilibrium
time ~ mass / temp
[comoving]numberdensity SM
SM
SM
SM
=
… so there is
no dark matter
E Q U I L I B R I U M
A N N I H I L AT I O N
SM
SM

32. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
32
How much dark matter is there?
1 10
equilibrium
freeze out
time ~ mass / temp
[comoving]numberdensity
SM
SM
H U B B L E
A N N I H I L AT I O N
WIMP prediction: relic abundance of dark matter
[ neutralino & cousins ]

33. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
33
The “WIMP Miracle”
capture
annihilation
SM
SM
Z
“WEAK SCALE” MASS
WEAK
FORCE
annihilation
⌦ h2
⇠
0.1 pb
h annvi
“WEAK SCALE”
ANNIHILATION RATE
PRESENT
ABUNDANCE
automatically get the correct abundance (almost)
expansion of universe

34. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
34
SUSY WIMP bible
PHYSICS REPORTS
ELSEWIER Physics Reports 267 (1996) 195-373
Supersymmetric dark matter
Gerard Jungmana, Marc Kamionkowskib,“, Kim Griestd
aDepartment of Physics, syyacuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA. jungman@npac.syr.edu,
bDepartment of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA. kamion@phys.columbia.edu,
‘School of Natural Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ 08540. USA,
aDepartment of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. kgriest@ucsd.edu
Received June 1995; editor: D.N. Schramm
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Dark matter in the Universe
2.1. Inventory of dark matter
2.2. Theoretical arguments
2.3. Baryonic content of the Universe
2.4. Distribution of dark matter in the Milky
198
206
206
209
211
211
6.4. Fermion final states
6.5. Gluon final states
6.6. Photon final states
6.7. Summary of neutralino annihilation
7. Elastic-scattering cross sections
7.1. The basic ingredients
7.2. Axial-vector (spin) interaction
252
256
258
259
260
260
261

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35
The story so far: SUSY
mh ?
SUSY New Particles
p+ stability
R-parity
?
Dark Matter
with correct
abundance
!

36. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
36
extra dimensions
mh ?
XD New Particles
precision
observables
KK-parity
?
!
free in
flat XD
warped
XD
Dark Matter
with correct
abundance
!

37. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
37
compositeness
mh ?
composite New Particles
T-parity
?
!
precision
observables
Dark Matter
with correct
abundance
!

38. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
38
mh ?
new symmetry New Particles
new parity
?
dangerous
processes
WIMP story
Dark Matter
with correct
abundance
!

39. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
39
A great love story
mean? Who will help us in our hour of need? The answer is: the Higgs
son.
The Higgs Boson
Dark matter is not even in our current mathematical or ph
universe. There is a large amount of stuff out there silentl
we don’t know what it is. We can’t possibly claim to unde
without understanding this huge part of it.
Now, before you start feeling paranoid about weird, d
stuff floating all around you, consider this: what if dark m
awesome?
Dark matter is made of something that we have no dir
It’s something we haven’t seen before, and it might behav
haven’t imagined.
Think of the amazing potential that exists here.
What if dark matter is made of some new kind of part
to produce and harness in high-energy colliders? Or what
what it is, we figure out something about the laws of phys
Andrew Grant, Science News, June 2013

40. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
40
WIMP story
predictions
nomorefreeparameters
mh ?
new symmetry New Particles
new parity
?
dangerous
processes
Dark Matter
with correct
abundance
!

41. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
41
WIMP Complementarity
How Dark Matter talks to the Standard Model
..
χ
.
χ
.
sm
.
sm
..
χ
.
sm
.
χ
.
sm
..
sm
.
sm
.
χ
.
χ
ANNIHIL
ATION DI
RECT DETECTION
COLLIDER
Ωχh2
INDIRECT DIRECT COLLIDER
telescopes underground high energy
Paddy BE1
1103.0240
Jesi (SM2), Will (ST7), Tim (SM3)
1005.1286, 1008.1783
Simona
ST 1
1904.06261
1903.10533

42. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
42
Indirect Detection
Image credit: NASA, I think.
FERM
I
Rebecca
ST 4 Mariangela
ST 9
Simona
ST 1
Analysis & Interpretation
1904.06261
1903.10533
LSST: 1903.04425
DM Strikes Back
in the GC
1904.08430
Galaxy Groups
1708.09385

43. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
43via LUX-LZ (kipac.stanford.edu/research/topics/direct-dark-matter-detection)
Direct Detection
Underground,
high-volume,
high-sensitivity.
Recoil of dark matter
off nuclei.

44. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
Figure 27.1: WIMP cross sections (normalized to a single nucleon) for spin44
Direct Detection
PDG Dark Matter Review 2018

45. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
45Figure 27.1: WIMP cross sections (normalized to a single nucleon) for spin
PDG Dark Matter Review 2018
weak scale coupling
weak scale mass

46. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
A great love story… and break up
it mean? Who will help us in our hour of need? The answer is: the Higgs
boson.
Dark matter is not even in our current mathematical or physic
universe. There is a large amount of stuff out there silently pu
we don’t know what it is. We can’t possibly claim to understa
without understanding this huge part of it.
Now, before you start feeling paranoid about weird, dark,
stuff floating all around you, consider this: what if dark matte
awesome?
Dark matter is made of something that we have no direct e
It’s something we haven’t seen before, and it might behave in
haven’t imagined.
Think of the amazing potential that exists here.
What if dark matter is made of some new kind of particle
46

47. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
How Dark Matter talks to the Standard Model
..
χ
.
χ
.
sm
.
sm
..
χ
.
sm
.
χ
.
sm
..
sm
.
sm
.
χ
.
χ
ANNIHIL
ATION
DI
RECT DETECTIO
N
COLLIDER
INDIRECT DIRECT COLLIDER
47
WIMP Complementarity
Dark matter searches related by crossing symmetry:
Standard ModelDark Matter
WEAK FORCE
R E L I C A B U N DA N C E YO U ’ R E K I L L I N G M E N OT G R E AT, E I T H E R

48. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
A great love story… and break up
it mean? Who will help us in our hour of need? The answer is: the Higgs
boson.
Dark matter is not even in our current mathematical or physic
universe. There is a large amount of stuff out there silently pu
we don’t know what it is. We can’t possibly claim to understa
without understanding this huge part of it.
Now, before you start feeling paranoid about weird, dark,
stuff floating all around you, consider this: what if dark matte
awesome?
Dark matter is made of something that we have no direct e
It’s something we haven’t seen before, and it might behave in
haven’t imagined.
Think of the amazing potential that exists here.
What if dark matter is made of some new kind of particle
48

49. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
49
Is the neutralino WIMP really dead?
Technically? No.
Linguistically? No.
Experimentally? No.
Emotionally? Yes.
The WIMP is dead to me.
“weak” vs “electroweak”
Experimental program is robust!
n.b. analogous to “SUSY is dead”
ways to ‘hide’ a
neutralino-esque WIMP

50. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
50
Nirmal
SM 3

51. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
51
Recap: WIMP
mh ?
SUSY New Particles
p+ stability
R-parity
?
Dark Matter
with correct
abundance
predictions
nomorefreeparameters
51

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52
“WIMP is dead… to me”
mh ?
SUSY New Particles
p+ stability
R-parity
?
Dark Matter
with correct
abundance
predictions
nomorefreeparameters
52

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Outline
of the amazing potential that exists here.
f dark matter is made of some new kind of particle that we are able
and harness in high-energy colliders? Or what if in discovering
we figure out something about the laws of physics we didn’t know
re, such as a new fundamental interaction or a new way that the
teractions can work? And what if this new discovery lets us
e regular matter in new ways?
ne you’ve been playing a game your whole life, and suddenly you
t there are special rules or special new pieces you could be playing

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54

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55
Known Unknowns in Particle Physics
Why is the Higgs boson light?
Hierarchy Problem
an incomplete list!
Why is there more matter than antimatter? Baryogenesis Problem
Why is ϴYM small? Strong CP Problem
What is the origin of neutrino mass?
…
Dark matter is not even in our current mathematical or physical models of the
universe. There is a large amount of stuff out there silently pulling on us, and
we don’t know what it is. We can’t possibly claim to understand our universe
without understanding this huge part of it.
Now, before you start feeling paranoid about weird, dark, mysterious
stuff floating all around you, consider this: what if dark matter is something
awesome?
Dark matter is made of something that we have no direct experience with.
It’s something we haven’t seen before, and it might behave in ways we
haven’t imagined.
Think of the amazing potential that exists here.
What if dark matter is made of some new kind of particle that we are able
to produce and harness in high-energy colliders? Or what if in discovering
what it is, we figure out something about the laws of physics we didn’t know
about before, such as a new fundamental interaction or a new way that the
existing interactions can work? And what if this new discovery lets us
manipulate regular matter in new ways?
Imagine you’ve been playing a game your whole life, and suddenly you
realize that there are special rules or special new pieces you could be playing
with. What amazing technology or understanding could be unlocked by
figuring out what dark matter is and how it works?
We can’t stay in the dark about it forever. Just because it’s dark doesn’t
mean it doesn’t matter.
What is dark matter?
Missing Mass Problem Akshay
SM 23
Chanda
SM 5
Volodymyr
SM 27
Other puzzles (possibly related to dark matter?)

56. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
56
From another puzzle?
mh ?
?
Dark Matter
with correct
abundance
predictions
56
?strong CP axion

57. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
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Axions The Pool-Table Analogy with Axion Physics
Sikivie, Physics Today 49, 12, 22 (1996)
Low mass scalar with
small couplings.
Keith
SM 20
Chanda
SM 5
Gravitational probes
of ultra-light axions
1904.09003
Jeff
SM 5
Brooks
SM 19
KK Towers
in the early
universe &
axion
cosmology
1612.08950

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What can we look for?
?
Dark Matter
with correct
abundance
predictions
58
?

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59
Beyond the WIMP
Dark Matter
with correct
abundance
predictions
59
Fix couplings
How’d it
get here?
Constraints?
Anomalies?
new particlesUV theory?
etc …
pheno.
theory

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How’d we get so much dark matter?
Kathryn SM 11
Lawrence
SM 17
The “WIMP Miracle?”

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Example: Light Mediators
e
e
e
e
e
capture
annihilation
x xA0
A0
INDIRECT DIRECT COLLIDER
Standard ModelMediator
N N
q
q
ANNIHIL
ATION
COLLIDER
D I R E C T
Dark Matter
can keep thermal relic!

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Long-lived mediators Michele
ST 11
Leveraging the ALICE/L3 cavern for long-lived particle searches
1810.03636

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Earth capture of dark matter
1
2
3 4
J. Feng, J. Smolinsky, FT 1509.07525

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64
Effects on molecules, isotopes, …
UCI IPC 1608.03591
1.03 MeV
10 keV width
18.15 MeV
138 keV width
STATUS: INDEPENDENT EXP. CHECK REQUIRED

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via LUX-LZ (kipac.stanford.edu/research/topics/direct-dark-matter-detection)
New Directions in Direct Detection
SENSEI (Skipper CCD for electron recoil)
1901.10478, 1706.00028
Semiconductors: 1509.01598
Kathryn SM 11
Magnons (1905.13744), Polar Materials (1807.10291,
1712.06598) Superfluid Helium (1611.06228)
Tien-Tien Yu, BE 2
Absorption of dark matter
1905.12635
Jeff, ST10
Nirmal, SM3
Neutron Stars
1707.09442

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Cosmology
Katie, ST 2
Malte Buschmann , SM 19
Annihilation at high z (1706.04327, 1411.3783, 1309.7783)
Primordial Black Holes (0709.0524, astro-ph/0608642)
Early-Universe Simulations of the Cosmological Axion
(1903.05656)
Katelin Schutz, BE 5
BH binaries vs. gravitational waves (1510.08472)
Cosmological Probes of Dark Matter Interactions
(white paper. 1903.05140)

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No point in looking where it’s light!
Search where it’s dark!
Nirmal
SM 3

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Mariangela
ST 9
Lina
SM 4
Galaxy Groups
1708.09385
TASI Lectures
1603.03797
Velocity
Distribution
Stellar Tracers: 1810.12301
Dark Matter in Disequilibrium:
(SDSS-Gaia analysis)
1807.02519

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Sean
SM 4
Kathryn
SM 11
Galaxy Groups
1708.09385
Review
1705.02358
Self-Interacting
Dark Matter
Beyond Collisionless Dark
Matter: Particle Physics
Dynamics for Dark Matter Halo
Structure
1302.3898
Self-interacting dark matter
DOI: 10.1086/171833 (1992)
Lawrence SM 17

70. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
70Photos of physicists from public websites via Google Images or Facebook
Role of baryons
Matt
ST 5
Alyson BE 7

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Gopi
SM27
Take ST1
Toby SM21
Rohana
SM15
Apologies to everyone I wasn’t able to fit in!
including, but not limited to…
Thank You!
Josh
SM2

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Extra Slides

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Axions
The Pool-Table Analogy with Axion Physics
Sikivie, Physics Today 49, 12, 22 (1996)

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Axion Resonant Cavities
C. Boutan/Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; adapted by APS/Alan Stonebraker
Viewpoint: Homing in on Axions? APS Physics Viewpoint

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75Image: Alex Perez, via expertphotography.com/low-key-photography-dramatic-lighting/
Lamp-Post Mode
Where can we look for
dark matter?
Where are we not
looking?
I know this isn’t
actually a lamp post.
*
75

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f l i p . t a n e d o @ u c r . e d u
Image: Alex Perez, via expertphotography.com/low-key-photography-dramatic-lighting/
post-WIMP lamp posts
Dark sectors (light mediator)
Ultralight dark matter
Macroscopic dark matter
Primordial black holes
Non-thermal production
Gravity is very weird
…
opportunities for unique
search strategies!
SHSU COLLOQUIUM

77. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
.
er talks to the Standard Model
..
χ
.
sm
.
χ
.
sm
..
sm
.
sm
.
χ
.
χ
77
Defining the WIMP
SPECIFIC GENERAL
interacts through
W and Z bosons
interactions with
visible matter have
a “small” coupling
interactions with
visible matter are
electroweak-scale
“One parameter”
contact interactions
many interactions, only
dark-visible must be small
neutralinos e.g. axions?
SM singlet
particle
e.g. connected
to naturalness(motivated) (arbitrary)
“everything is
a WIMP!”
WIMP Miracle

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Renormalizable Portals
Dark Matter Mediator
Standard ModelU(1)’
Standard
ModelHiggs
Dark Matter Mediator
Standard
Model
⌫R
Kinetic
Mixing
Dark
Matter
USEFUL BENCHMARK
+ variations of each portal, motivated dim-5 portals, …

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Remixing dark phenomenology
UNCHANGED
ANNIHILATION
SCATTERING
PRODUCTION
HALO SHAPE
INDIRECT
DETECTION
DIRECT
DETECTION
COLLIDER:
MISSING
ENERGY
NUCLEAR
TRANSITIONS
NEUTRON STAR
HEATING
COMPOSITE
MEDIATOR
HALO
PROFILES
BEAM DUMP &
FIXED-TARGET
CAPTURE & ENHANCED ANNIHILATION
PROCESS CLASSIFICATION
ANNIHILATION
TO ON-SHELL
MEDIATORS
LIGHT MEDIATORS SOME OF MY PERSONAL INTEREST...
SELF
INTERACTION

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Step 1: Mediator Production
A
A0
e
e
A
e
N N
A0
e
EXAMPLES OF LIGHT MEDIATOR PRODUCTION STRATEGIES
annihilation bremsstrahlung
Others: Drell-Yan, nuclear transitions, Higgs decays, …
⇡0
=
1
p
2
u¯u d ¯d
meson decay

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Step 2: Mediator Decay

82. @ f l i p . t a n e d o 72ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS
82Adapted from 1608.08632, 1608.03591, N. Toro at Dark Sectors 2017
InteractionwithStandardModel
Mediator Mass A0
prompt
displaced
vertex
LIMITED BY
STATISTICS
LIMITED BY
VERTEXING
existing bounds

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Example of an LHC Search
Krovi, Low, Zhang (1807.07972)
27TeV (15ab-1)
27TeV
(1.5ab-1)
100TeV (100ab-1)
100TeV
(30ab-1)27TeV (15ab-1)
27TeV (1.5ab-1)
MZ'=2M χ
MZ'=6αeffM χ
/π
2
Darkonium
territory
Monojet
territory
14TeV
(300fb-1)
14TeV
(3ab-1)
Z' dijet
search excl.
50 100 500 1000
20
50
100
200
500
Mχ (GeV)
MZ'(GeV)
αD=0.5, gq=0.1
Figure 1: Colorful curves show the future high-energy pp collider constraints on the model where
0

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A counterpoint
arXiv:1904.02769

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85Andrew Grant, Science News, June 2013