enbefinalprojectproposal-141130045858-conversion-gate01.pdf

Content:
1. Introduction
2. A Town
3. Investigation & Data Collection: Ancient city- Mohenjo-daro, Parkistan
4. Investigation & Data Collection: The present city- Kowloon, Hong Kong
5. Investigation & Data Collection: The future and better township- Masdar
Green City, Abu Dhabi
6. The New “X” Town : Zyprexa
7. The Conclusion
8. References list
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1.Introduction
For our ﬁnal ENBE project, we as the mayor of the “X” town. The people
in “X” town require a new town as the reasons that it no longer liveable.
As a mayor, we need to propose a new layout for the new “X” town very
quickly. In a group of 5, we need to choose one of the following options
as our new “X” town, which is:
i. An underground town
ii. An underwater town
iii. A ﬂoating on water town
iv. A town in the air
v. On land next to a river or sea
Besides that, we are also required to establish certain conditions and
rules as follows:
i. The size of the propose town should smaller than 70km². Therefore, new
proposed town should be between 20 - 40 km²
ii. The population of the town should be in between 150,000 - 300,000.
iii. The people of “X” town are all Malaysians.
In addition, we have to include the followings below in the city planning:
i. The geometric shape, form, pattern, hierarchy, system and structure of the
town.
ii. The main focus of the town.
iii. The zoning of the town.
iv. The people, population, social issues, activities, food distribution, culture
and religion
v. Transportation and networking.
vi. Infrastructure, utility, services and amenities.
vii. Sustainable initiative and climate change consideration and resilience.
viii. Other services.
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2.The Town
2.1. “Town”
• A built-up area with a name, deﬁned boundaries, and local government, that is
larger than a village and generally smaller than a city.
• The central part of a neighbourhood, with its business or shopping area.What is the
brief history.
• Densely populated areas, especially as contrasted with the country or suburbs.
• Settlement hierarchy:
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2.2. What makes a good town?
• Fixed transit, preferably rail, above and below ground. Subways along all
major travel corridors; buses or trams on all secondary corridors.
Fixed-rail transit helps to guide development and keep the streets busy. When
development happens around ﬁxed-transit, it is easy to get around on foot because
everything is closer together.
• Mixed-use, mixed-income neighbourhoods
Mixed-use neighbourhoods solve many urban ills. By intermingling commercial,
residential, and civic functions in the same neighbourhoods, you reduce dependence
on automotive transport, since destination facilities are always close at hand.
Mixed-income neighbourhoods not only increase urban variety by mixing types and
sizes of housing; they also increase the cohesiveness of a community.
• Buildings of different age, condition, and size
The mix serves to provide residential dwelling units of different size, condition and
price making it so the neighbourhood is mixed economically and providing places for
both the business owner and grocery clerk to live.
• Living spaces everywhere
When the places people live are spread throughout the town, many will choose to
live near where they work. Stores will locate where people live. Many small stores
will serve to supplement or even replace larger stores.
• Lots of people coming and going (immigrants, people moving in from other
places, and people moving out to other towns)
A certain stability is good for a town, but an inﬂux and out box is even more
important. It can lead to economic growth when a person with a background in say
metal fabricating leaves and initiates activities elsewhere or gains knowledge that will
improve processes or establish new markets. People leaving a town sends out
messengers with the knowledge needed to make it part of activities elsewhere.
!5

3.Investigation & Data Collection:
Ancient City:
Mohenjo-daro, Parkistan
3.1. Overview
Mohenjo-daro (Mound of the
Dead) is an archeological
site in the province of Sindh,
Pakistan. Built around 2600
BCE, it was one of the
largest settlements of the
ancient Indus Valley
Civilization, and one of the
world's earliest major urban
settlements,
contemporaneous with the civilizations of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Crete.
Mohenjo-daro was abandoned in the 19th century BCE, and was not rediscovered
until 1922. The site is currently threatened by erosion and improper restoration.
Cock-fighting may have had ritual and religious significance for the city, with
domesticated chickens bred there for sacred purposes, rather than as a food source.
Mohenjo-daro may have been a point of diffusion for the eventual worldwide
domestication of chickens.
Mohenjo-daro is located in the Larkana
District of Sindh, Pakistan, on a Pleistocene
ridge in the middle of the flood plain of the
Indus River Valley, around 28 kilometres (17
mi) from the town of Larkana. The ridge was
prominent during the time of the Indus Valley
Civilization, allowing the city to stand above
the surrounding plain, but the flooding of the
river has since buried most of the ridge in
deposited silt. The site occupies a central
position between the Indus River and the
Ghaggar-Hakra River. The Indus still flows to
the east of the site, but the riverbed of the
Ghaggar-Hakra on the western side is now
dry.
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3.2. History
Mohenjo-daro was built in the 26th century BCE. It was one of the largest cities of
the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, also known as the Harappan Civilization, which
developed around 3000 BCE from the prehistoric Indus culture.
At its height, the Indus Civilization spanned much of what is now Pakistan and North
India, extending westwards to the Iranian border, south to Gujarat in India and
northwards to an outpost in Bactria, with major urban centers at Harappa, Mohenjo-
daro, Lothal, Kalibangan, Dholavira and Rakhigarhi.
Mohenjo-daro was the most advanced city of its time, with remarkably sophisticated
civil engineering and urban planning. When the Indus civilization went into sudden
decline around 1900 BCE, Mohenjo-daro was abandoned.
3.3. Significance Features
3.3.1 Material Used
Mohenjo-daro was an extremely well-planned city that was laid out in grid like
formation. It was divided roughly into 2 areas: A fortress-type area called “The
Citadel”, to the west and the lower city to the east. It spread over about 250 acres
and is the embodiment of the early world sophistication.
The buildings of Mohenjo-daro were
mostly made of either 2 types of mud
bricks, kiln ﬁred or burnt mortared bricks
and sun dried unﬁred mud bricks, or
wooden bricks which were both created
by using burnt wood ash. The bricks
throughout the city ware in the uniform
dimension of 28*14*7 centimetres.
Over the centuries, the need for wood for brick-making denuded the country side and
this may have contributed to the downfall of Mohenjo-daro. In addition to that, brick
walls have to be rebuilt each generation. Now only sixty years after its discovery, the
city is literally falling into pieces as it is threatened by mineral salts, in particular
sodium sulphate in the form of ground water. The walls were originally plastered with
mud, no doubt to reduce the detritus effect of the salts that are contained by the
bricks and react destructively to varying heat and humidity.
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Mud bricksBaked bricks

3.3.2 Architectures
The “Great Bath”
The "Great Bath" is without doubt the earliest public water tank in the ancient world.
The tank itself measures approximately 12 meters north-south and 7 meters wide,
with a maximum depth of 2.4 meters.
The floor of the tank is water tight due to finely fitted bricks laid on edge with gypsum
plaster and the side walls were constructed in a similar manner. To make the tank
even more water tight, a thick layer of bitumen (natural tar) was laid along the sides
of the tank and presumably also beneath the floor.
Brick colonnades were discovered on the eastern, northern and southern edges. The
preserved columns have stepped edges that may have held wooden screens or
window frames. Two large doors lead into the complex from the south and other
access was from the north and east.
A series of rooms are located along the
eastern edge of the building and in one room
is a well that may have supplied some of the
water needed to fill the tank. Rainwater also
may have been collected for this purposes,
but no inlet drains have been found.
Most scholars agree that this tank would
have been used for special religious
functions where water was used to purify and
renew the well being of the bathers.
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The “Great Granary”
A granary is a structure for the storage and preservation of grain, and the people of
Mohenjo-Daro had a big one. The people of Mohenjo-Daro may have used their
granary as a community bank for their harvested grains, much as we use banks
today. A granary has been found which the largest building of the Mohenjo-daro is.
This granary is divided into 27 rooms of different size and shape.
3.3.3 Drainage and Sewerage System
Mohenjo-daro was expertly planned city that flourished more than 4500 years ago.
The city was built with a grid pattern of wide, straight streets. Thick walls surrounded
the city. Many people lived in sturdy brick houses that had as many as three floors.
Some houses had bathrooms and toilets that connected to the world’s first sewers. A
system of canals provided a reliable source of water for growing wheat and barley.
There is also evidence that people herded sheep, cattle and goats.
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Present City:
KOWLOON, HONG KONG
4.1. Overview
Kowloon is an urban area in Hong Kong comrising the Kowloon Peninsula and New
Kowloon. It is bordered by the Lei Yue Mun strait in the east, Mei Foo Sun Chuen
and Stonecutter's Island in the west, the mountain range including Tate's Cairn and
Lion Rock in the north, and Victoria Harbour in the south.
It had a population of 2,019,533 and a population density of 43,033/km² in 2006.
Kowloon is located north of Hong Kong Island and south of the mainland part of the
New Territories. The peninsula's area is approximately 47 square kilometres (18 sq
mi). Together with Hong Kong Island, it contains 48 percent of Hong Kong's total
population.
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Kowloon is located north of Hong Kong Island and south of the mainland part of the
New Territories. The peninsula's area is approximately 47 square kilometres.
Together with Hong Kong Island, it contains 48 percent of Hong Kong's total
population.
4.2. History
The name Kowloon stems from the
nine dragons, a term which refers to
eight mountains and a Chinese
emperor: Kowloon Peak, Tung Shan,
Tate's Cairn, Temple Hill, Unicorn
Ridge, Lion Rock, Beacon Hill, Crow's
Nest and Emperor Bing (Song
Dynasty).
In modern day culture, however, New
Kowloon is often not regarded as part
of the New Territories, but as an integral part of the Kowloon urban area on both
sides of Boundary Street. For tax purposes, New Kowloon is not considered part of
Kowloon and is part of the New Territories, as is reﬂected in the statutes. Properties
in New Kowloon are subject to payment of land leases, as in the New Territories.
Large-scale development of Kowloon began in the early 20th century, with the
construction of the Kowloon-Canton Railway and the Kowloon Wharf, but because of
Kowloon's close proximity to Kai Tak Airport, building construction was limited by
ﬂight paths. As a result, compared to Hong Kong Island, Kowloon has a much lower
skyline.
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4.3. Signiﬁcance Features
4.3.1 Harbour
Victoria Harbour is a natural landform harbour situated between Hong Kong Island
and Kowloon in Hong Kong. Long famous for its spectacular views, the harbour is a
major tourist attraction of Hong Kong. Lying in the middle of the territory's dense
urban region, the harbour is the site of annual ﬁreworks displays and its promenades
are popular gathering places for tourists and residents.
Victoria Harbour is home to most of the port facilities of Hong Kong, making Hong
Kong amongst the world's busiest. An average of 220,000 ships visit the harbour
each year, including both ocean going vessels and river vessels, for both goods and
passengers.
There is no bridge crossing the harbour, but there are three cross-harbour road
tunnels:
i. Cross Harbour Tunnel (opened 1972)
ii. Eastern Harbour Crossing (1989)
iii. Western Harbour Crossing (1997)
The three tunnels act as important linkages between the Hong Kong Island and
Kowloon.
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4.3.2 Natural Resources
The natural resources of Kowloon can be divided into three main categories:
i. Metalliferous minerals and non-metalliferous industrial minerals in the onshore
area
ii. Quarried rock and building stone
iii. Offshore sand deposits.
4.3.3 Environmental Issues
• Air and water pollution from rapid urbanisation
In 1989, the Hong Kong government realised that Hong Kong was in danger of
becoming a vast, densely populated city. Due to the growth of the economy and
business sectors, the water, waste and air pollution cause an adverse effect on the
balance of ecology in Hong Kong.
Factories, farms and restaurants in the New Territories dump large amounts of
sewage and even untreated waste into the streams and the sea. It makes the New
Territories' streams be 'no better than open sewers’
• Extinction of natural species
The pink dolphin is one of the victims. Under threat from chemical pollution,
increased sea trafﬁc and the destruction of much of the natural shoreline for land
reclamation, the number of pink dolphins has dramatically declined as the city
continues to develop.
• Introduction of exotic species
Most of the introduced species do little harm to the ecology of Hong Kong. However,
some species are invasive and cause massive damage to the ecology and/or
economy of Hong Kong.
For example, the Pinewood Nematode from North America and Pine-needle Scale
Insect from Taiwan, which together virtually eliminated the native Pinus massoniana
in the 1970s and 80s.
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4.3.4 Architecture
There are 1,223 skyscrapers in Hong Kong, which puts the city at the top of world
rankings. It has more buildings higher than 500 feet (150 m) than any other city. The
high density and tall skyline of Hong Kong's urban area is due to a lack of available
sprawl space.
This lack of space causes demand for dense, high-rise ofﬁces and housing. Thirty-
six of the world's 100 tallest residential buildings are in Hong Kong. More people in
Hong Kong live or work above the 14th ﬂoor than anywhere else on Earth, making it
the world's most vertical city.
More high-rise development is set to take place on the other side of Victoria Harbour
in Kowloon, as the 1998 closure of the nearby Kai Tak Airport lifted strict height
restrictions.
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The Future & Better Township:
Masdar Green City, Abu Dhabi
5.1. Overview
Masdar City is an arcology project in Abu Dhabi, in the United Arab Emirates.
Its core is a planned city, which is being built by Masdar, a subsidiary of
Mubadala Development Company, with the majority of seed capital provided
by the Government of Abu Dhabi. Designed by the British architectural ﬁrm
Foster and Partners, the city relies on solar energy and other renewable
energy sources. Masdar City is being constructed 17 kilometres (11 mi) east-
south-east of the city of Abu Dhabi, beside Abu Dhabi International Airport.
Masdar City will host the headquarters of the International Renewable Energy
Agency (IRENA). The city is designed to be a hub for cleantech companies.
Its ﬁrst tenant is the Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, which has
been operating in the city since it moved into its campus in September 2010.
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5.2. Significance features
5.2.1 Layout & Architecture
Masdar City has terracotta walls decorated with
arabesque patterns. From a distance, the city
looks like a cube. The temperature in the
streets is generally 15 to 20°C cooler than the
surrounding desert. The temperature difference
is due to Masdar's unique construction. A 45-
meter high wind tower modeled on traditional
Arab designs sucks air from above and pushes
a cooling breeze through Masdar's streets.
The site is raised above the surrounding land to
create a slight cooling effect. Buildings are
clustered close together to create streets and
walkways shielded from the sun.
Masdar City was designed by Foster and
Partners. Foster's design team started its work
by touring ancient cities such as Cairo and
Muscat to see how they kept cool. Foster found
that these cities coped with hot desert
temperatures through shorter, narrower streets
usually no longer than 70 meters. The buildings
at the end of these streets create just enough
wind turbulence to push air upwards, creating a
ﬂushing effect that cools the street.
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5.2.2 Solar Panels Test Field
Photovoltaic panels will provide much of the electricity generated within Masdar
City, so selecting the right technologies for Abu Dhabi’s climate is crucial. For
example, some types of panels are less efficient in the UAE’s strong desert sun,
while others may not perform well in the humid, sandy conditions prevalent during
significant periods of the year.
As a result, one of the first test programmes to be inaugurated at
Masdar City was the International PV Competition, which began in September
2008. Currently there are panels from more than 35 suppliers being tested for
their energy yield, efficiency, ambient temperature effects, sand effects, etc.
The results from the test fi eld help guide Masdar City in selecting the best
PV modules for both roof and ground placement. The information is also shared
with Abu Dhabi authorities to aid in their decisions regarding use of PV panels in
the emirate.
At the completion of the first one-year cycle of testing, several companies’ panels
were removed because of low performance. They were replaced by panels from
some of the many other companies on a waiting list to be part of future rounds of
testing.
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5.2.3 Beam Down Project
The Beam Down Project - a joint pilot project of the Masdar Institute, Japan’s Cosmo
Oil Company and the Tokyo Institute of Technology - takes the conventional
Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) design and literally turns it on its head.
Most CSP plants use mirrors (heliostats) to direct the sun’s rays onto a receiver at
the top of a central tower, heating a heat-transfer fluid (molten salt, oil or water),
which then is used to generate steam for a steam turbine.
Managed by Masdar Institute, the Beam Down Plant has the potential to convert
sunlight into electricity in a more efficient, lower-cost way than other technologies. By
placing the receiver at the base of the tower (ground level), the thesis is that it will
eliminate the energy loss resulting from pumping the fluid to an elevated receiver.
5.2.4 Material Recycling Centre
Masdar City is working to minimise waste during the construction process by seeking
to reuse and recycle all waste steel, concrete and timber generated during
building. In order to achieve this, nearly all Masdar City construction waste is brought
by contractors to the onsite Material Recycling Centre (MRC) for separation and
processing. The 12-hectare site is divided into areas for concrete, wood, metal and
other materials, which then are made available for use by other contractors
working on site.
Wood is segregated and stockpiled for reuse in building the city or processing in a
wood chipper. Steel, other metals and plastics are collected and sent offsite for
recycling. Concrete waste is ground down using a crusher for reuse in construction.
!18

This material is particularly handy as inﬁ ll, given the loose soil conditions at Masdar
City.
In addition, excavated sand is being stockpiled (rather than trucked away as is
common on UAE construction sites) for reuse as general backﬁ ll. Other materials
such as gypsum board and damaged glass-reinforced concrete panels are being
tested to see whether they can be recycled may be used as fuel in a future waste-to-
energy plant.
5.2.5 Personal Rapid Transit System
The Personal Rapid Transit
System (PRT) vehicles are air
conditioned with wide
comfortable cushioned seating
that exceeds conventional
public transport standards. The
vehicle’s user control panel
consists of an information
screen and interfaces for the
vehicle activation, intercom,
doors, medical assistance and
emergency stop.
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Vehicles, which can travel at speeds up to 40kph on straightaways and 25kph on
curves, are powered by a battery that recharges while vehicles are standing in the
station between trips.
The driverless vehicles are controlled by an advanced navigation system; they use
magnets embedded in the corridor know their position and onboard sensors to detect
any obstacles in their path; a wireless connection keeps them linked to the central
computer, which guides them on their journey and ensures smooth operation among
all vehicles.
Three flatbed Freight Rapid Transit (FRT) vehicles will play the role of trucks and
vans to transport deliveries to and from the Masdar Institute campus and its resident
students and retailers, as well as the university itself. The FRTs also will transport
waste from the campus for sorting and reuse or recycling.
5.2.6 “One Planet Living™” Programme
Masdar City will be the world’s first zero-carbon,
zero-waste, car-free city. Through the “One Planet
Living™” programme, a global initiative launched by
WWF and environmental consultancy BioRegional,
WWF will work with Masdar to ensure the city meets
standards of sustainability which include specific
targets for the city’s ecological footprint.
Masdar City plans to exceed the criteria of the
programme, making it a global benchmark for
sustainable urban development, based around One
Planet Living’s 10 unique principles of sustainability.
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Masdar Target (One Planet Living Principle):
1. ZERO CARBON
100 per cent of energy supplied by renewable energy – Photovoltaics, concentrated
solar power, wind, waste to energy and other technologies
2. ZERO WASTE
99 per cent diversion of waste from landfill (includes waste reduction measures, re-
use of waste wherever possible, recycling, composting, waste to energy)
3. SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT
Zero carbon emissions from transport within the city; implementation of measures to
reduce the carbon cost of journeys to the city boundaries (through facilitating and
encouraging the use of public transport, vehicle sharing, supporting low emissions
vehicle initiatives)
4. SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS
Specifying high recycled materials content within building products; tracking and
encouraging the reduction of embodied energy within material sand throughout the
construction process; specifying the use of sustainable materials such as Forest
Stewardship Council certified timber, bamboo and other products
5. SUSTAINABLE FOOD
Retail outlets to meet targets for supplying organic food and sustainable and or fair
trade products
6. SUSTAINABLE WATER
Per capita water consumption to be at least 50 per cent less than the national
average; all waste water to be re-used
7. HABITATS AND WILDLIFE
All valuable species to be conserved or relocated with positive mitigation targets
8. CULTURE AND HERITAGE
Architecture to integrate local values.
9. EQUITY AND FAIR TRADE
Fair wages and working conditions for all workers (including construction) as defined
by international labour standards
10. HEALTH AND HAPPINESS
Facilities and events for every demographic group
!21

5.2.7 Wind Tower
The Primary Purpose:
By adjusting the louvres, the tower can be
“turned” to catch any prevailing winds and
therefore “pull down” ﬂowing air, sending it
cascading into the plaza to provide a breeze
which lowers the perceived temperatures by as
much as 5 degrees celsius.
It works particularly well because of the
deliberately narrow streets of Masdar City –
designed that way to minimise the amount of
direct sunlight that hits them. Being compact and
narrow also means the breeze can be channeled
more tightly, making it faster and more effective.
The LED lighting of the tower will change colours to let residents, students,
professors and visitors know whether they are using too much energy in the Masdar
Institute buildings or whether they are consuming energy at an appropriate level.
!22

5.2.8 Membrane Bioreactor
Wastewater treatment at Masdar City is being
provided by a membrane bioreactor
(MBR) with a capacity of 1,500 cubic metres per
day. The plant is already in use,
serving the needs of Masdar’s temporary
corporate offices, as well as Masdar
Institute buildings.
MBR is an increasingly popular wastewater treatment technology for reasons that
also make it attractive to Masdar City. It has a compact footprint; it performs well in
warm climates; it can be scaled up easily, and it produces an effluent suitable for
reuse applications such as toilet flushing, district cooling and landscape watering.
!23

6.The New “X” Town: Zyprexa
6.1. Overview
As urban areas become more congested and
dense, it becomes more challenging for city
dwellers to spend time outdoors, exercise and
relax. Buildings tower over public parks,
blocking out the sun, while city streets are
polluted with particulate matter and exhaust
from vehicles. To cope with the growing need
for green urban space, Zyprexa, the
exclusively new town, with area of 58.7 km²,
has been designed for the citizens of Malaysia
which resembles a tree trunk with five floating
platforms shaped like leaves.
The town’s tower has a height of 566m. Featuring five leaf-like platforms, the
tower’s tree-like silhouette aims to reflect the local symbolism while serving as
a model of green architecture. The dynamic platforms (recreational areas) are
set in a zeppelin-like elevator formation, holding between 50 to 80 people at a
given time. Built from light weight materials, they are self-sustained by helium
balloons and are hoisted vertically in a strong electro-magnetic field.
Even though the floating platforms design was influenced by the sci-fi
computer gaming culture, they are feasible and play a major role for the
pathway of the town’s recreational areas (outdoors and indoors) by adding a
new vertical dimension which give a 360° panoramic view.
!24

6.2. Signiﬁcance Features
6.2.1 Zoning
Zyprexa is divided into 10 main zones which bring beneﬁts to all the citizens of it.
The 10 zones include Religious & Cultural Areas, Residential & Community Areas,
Commercial & Business Areas, Recreational Areas, Air Transport Station, Education
Areas, Agriculture Buildings, the Government Building and the transportation routes
of the lower tower which link to industrial areas. While the white-coloured zones are
mainly for energy-controlling and conservation purposes.
Religious and Cultural Areas
The will be 8 main areas of religious and cultural. These areas include the
combination of 4 main religions (Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism and Christianity) as
Malaysia is a multicultural and multiconfessional country. As shown in the diagram
above, these religious spots are just few miles away from the residential areas as
well as commercial areas. The citizens can perform their prayers conveniently in
Zyprexa.
!25

Residential and Community Areas
The houses (in every
particular area) of Zyprexa
town are all linked together
by a series of high-speed
lanes. The technologies
used are all high-tech yet
eco-friendly which don’t
pollute the environment of
the town. Solar photovoltaic
system will be one of the
main source of energy for
the whole shelter.
Solar photovoltaic systems are all
installed above the houses which are all
linked. Hence, the energy is
transferable among the houses. The
systems convert solar energy into
useful energy form directly absorbing
solar photons—particles of light that act
as individual units of energy—and either
converting part of the energy to
electricity (as in a photovoltaic (PV) cell)
or storing part of the energy in a
chemical reaction (as in the conversion
of water to hydrogen and oxygen).
!26

Commercial and Business Areas
For commercial and business areas, solar photovoltaic systems will also be installed
as residential areas.
Industrial Areas
Industrial areas in Zyprexa are further away from the tower itself which. These
industrial areas are design to be further away from the tower, avoiding the chemical
pollutants from entering the town. These areas are majority located at the end edge
of the town, hence, the daily activities of the citizens wouldn’t be affected.
Inside the factories, this is equipment installed, usually “end of pipe”, to capture
pollutants before they are released into air or water. The dust in the air is forced
through filters before being released to the outdoors. The filters catch most of the
dust, which is then removed for reuse, recycling or disposal. By installing this
technology, we can reduce the rate of pollution until its maximum.
Recreational Areas
As stated above, the leaf-shaped
platforms are literally the
recreational areas and the only
air transport station of Zyprexa
town. The platforms are linked by
3 high-speed lanes that allow
public or private vehicles moving
to and fro.
One of the features in the recreational
parks: “Time Capsule”
This system comprises of enclosed
pedal pods that take up half the
required energy of a racing bike, and
could probably replace inter-city
vehicles sometime down the road
assuming governments have the
political will to implement such a
system. This weatherproof pod is able
to hit a top speed of 56mph if you go all
out, and the more people there are in a
pod train, the more efficient it becomes.
!27

Air Transport Station (ATS)
The biggest platform will be the Air Transport
Station (ATS) which is turnable according to
the plane’s coordination and location.
In order to meet the industry’s eco-efﬁciency
goals, the driverless air buses achieve
carbon neutral growth which cut down the
emission of carbon dioxide by half when
compared to the others.
In our town, passengers won’t have to pay
for tickets. Intelligent Character Recognition
(ICR), the newly introduced technology that
allows software to interpret hand print of
citizens in Zyprexa.
After the process above, passengers may
pass through a security scanner frame.
Once it’s all done, passengers are able to
enjoy the free ride.
Education Areas
!28

In Zyprexa town, we provide the best
quality of education for different ages of
students. Kindergartens, primary
schools, secondary schools, colleges
and universities are all built in 2 major
areas only. All the teachings and
tutorials will be either online or face-to-
face teaching.
Students are allowed to self-study by
using our own in-house software— “5
C’s to Success”. The “5 C’s” literally
stands for Communicate, Create,
Collaborate, Connect and Capture.
Agriculture Buildings
“Vertical Farming”
As populations continues to rise and
space to grow food becomes limited,
Zyprexa has an innovative mixed-
use vertical farm concept in the
works.
The “farm tower” is a residential
high-rise building concept that
provides the city with extra living
space while producing vegetables
daily that can be distributed to local
markets. It also recycles the
building’s gray water and black water
through compact combustion and
aquaponics, reusing and recycling
valuable resources needed for
operation.
!29

Government Building
By eliminating the old “elevators concept”, the Government building in Zyprexa town
has been upgraded by installing teleports. These teleports enables a person to travel
instantaneously to another location might also require that person's information to
travel at the speed of light. Teleports might increase the work efﬁciency and at the
same time, duration to travel to another places can be shortened.
!30

6.2.2 Facilities
• Public Transport
Straddling Bus
The "straddling bus" would roll on stilts above traffic using small tracks positioned
between lanes of traffic while passengers get on and off at elevated bus stops. Even
if additional people carrying capacity for urban roads, no disruption to traffic and no
need to build completely independent track systems.
Superconducting Vacuum Trains
Superconducting vacuum trains are used as one of the transportations in Zyprexa.
The Evacuated Tube Transport (ETT) system envisions superconducting maglev
trains operating in evacuated tubes at speeds of up to 6,500 km/h (4,039 mph) on
international trips - that's New York to Beijing in two hours!
!31

Dynamics F-111
Instead of operating dozens of separate ﬂights, the airlines in Zyprexa have giant
aircraft carriers which able to accommodate more passenger at once. Besides that,
the aircrafts will be using vertical take-off and landing techniques to reduce the
space usage of the Air Transport Station (ATS).
• Unlimited Wi-Fi
People can’t live without internet connection nowadays. And so, Zyprexa offers LTE-
Advanced wireless at 300 megabits per second—about four times faster than the
country's existing record-high download speeds (even faster than the world’s fastest
wireless connection country— South Korea). That's more than 50 times faster than
the worldwide average broadband connection.
With the new lightning-fast network, citizens in Zyprexa able to download an 800-
megabyte movie on their smartphone or tablets in just 22 seconds.
!32

• “Shopping Wall”
Several pillars and all the platform screen doors of Zyprexa town have been
plastered with images of life-size store shelves ﬁlled with goods -- such as milk,
apples, a bag of rice or school backpacks -- which each carry a small barcode.
Shoppers download a related application on their smartphone and make purchases
by taking photos of the barcodes. The order you had placed when you go to work in
the morning and can see the items delivered at home when you come home at night.
By using these “shopping walls”, the usage of spaces can be reduced as orders can
be placed easily by scanning the barcodes, instead of going to shopping malls.
!33

6.2.3 Layout
The most upper part of Zyprexa consists of several wind towers that channel chilled
breeze straight into the town. Below the wind towers, there are recycling centre and
Digital Fabrication Facility which able identify whether the material is recyclable.
Once it’s approved, the material will be sent straight to the robotic cleaning and
maintenance system to be recycled. For the middle part of the tower, there are
reactive facades which are painted with Solar PV paints. Theses facades are able to
respond to local climate conditions and triggers. Below theses facades will be the
building membrane which converts carbon dioxide from surrounding into oxygen.
The tower also consists of algae facade which produces biofuel. At the bottom of the
tower, there are desalination plants which collect water from the sea (channeled from
underground pipes) and then convert them into consumable water. To make
transportation convenient, below the Zyprexa tower owns a underground transport
hub which allows citizens to travel to another town. Since Zyprexa is a town by the
sea, so the energy and power supply are mainly from the ocean wave and the sea
breeze. Few electricity generators are installed on the surface of the ocean. The
energy provided is mainly for desalination plants, power plants and water pumps.
!34

Desalination Plants (Sea Water Collection & Recycling System)
There are 3 major parts (intake screening facility, pretreatment ﬁlters and reverse
osmosis membrane units) which play an important role in desalination process.
i. What is “DESALINATION”?
Desalination (desal) is the process of removing dissolved salts and minerals from
seawater or brackish water. It is also called desalting or by its shortened name,
desal. Desalination produces drinking water and concentrate (the water that contains
the salts that were removed in the desalination process, which is sometimes called
brine). The dominant technology used in desalination today is reverse osmosis,
which involves forcing water through semi-permeable membranes to remove salts
and other impurities.
!35

ii. How it works?
The diagram above shows the simplify process of desalination process that occurs in
Zyprexa. The brine solution will be treated with more water to reduce salinity before
it’s discharged back into the original source through discharge canal.
!36
1. Sea water is pumped into “intake
screening facility” to collect source
seawater of adequate quantity and
quality in a reliable and sustainable
fashion.
2. Sea water is then treated and
filtered to remove debris,
sediment and other microscopic
particles in pretreatment
process.
3. During reverse osmosis, salt
water is pumped with high
pressure through semi-permeable
membranes made of synthetic
materials that only allow water to
pass, leaving salts and impurities
behind in a solution called brine.
4. The fresh water goes through more filtration.
The filtered water is pumped to municipalities
and water supply districts for their fresh water
supply.

iii. Benefits
As approximately 97% water source of Zyprexa town is from the sea nearby , leaving
very little fresh water to accommodate all of the citizens’ water needs. The increasing
demand for water along with an increasing number of drought events means that
many communities can no longer rely on a single source for water supply. By using
desalination method, it can help relieve stress on existing conventional surface water
and groundwater supply sources.
Seawater desalination is a viable option in coastal communities and is typically
combined with water reuse and conservation to develop a local, sustainable water
supply. Desalination is a more cost-effective solution than trucking water in from
elsewhere or building new, complicated infrastructure large enough to accommodate
the transport of fresh water from other regions.
6.2.4 Power/ Energy Supply
Wind Turbines
Majority of the power supplies of Zyprexa town are produced by wind turbines. We
make use of the sea breezes from the ocean to run the wind turbines in order to
generate sufficient power for all the citizens.
Vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) are being used instead of the traditional ones.
The power generation efficiency of these turbines is more than 70% which is further
more than the horizontal ones (50%-60%).
In a vertical-axis wind
turbine (VAWT), the
shaft is mounted on a
vertical axis,
perpendicular to the
ground. VAWTs are
always aligned with the
wind. And hence, the
wind-resistance
capability of these
turbines is strong (able
to resist the typhoon up
to12-14 class) .
!37

Tidal Energy
In Zyprexa, we also generate energy by using tides. Tidal energy is one of the
renewable energy which doesn’t pollute the environment.
As the tide comes in, sea water passes through barrage to landward side. At high
tide, sluice gates shut, trapping water in estuary or basin. When tide recedes on sea-
side of barrage, sluice gates open. Water ﬂows through barrage, driving turbines and
generating power.
!38
Power
line
When the blades start
moving, they spin a shaft
that leads to a generator.
The generator consist of a
conductor such as coiled
wire, that is surrounded
by magnets.
The rotating shaft turns
the magnets around the
conductor and generates
an electrical current.
Sensors cause the top of
the turbine to rotate to
face into the wind and
the blades change their
angle to best to catch
the wind.

7.The Conclusion
Throughout this project, many researches and investigations were carried out to
analyse the ancient, present and future towns. Moreover, I have also learnt more
about the various characteristics of a certain town and what living conditions are
people demanding for a better township.
To propose a better liveable town for people is not a easy thing, the planning of
urban structure, transportation system as well as green technologies are taken into
considerations. In order to maintain the mutualism between the environment and
human, green technologies, renewable energy and eco-friendly products should be
implemented in the future towns.
As a conclusion, people should learn from the past, appreciate the present and
prepare for the future in order to produce a better liveable and sustainable town.
!39

8.Reference Links
http://www.newcolonist.com/topten2.html
http://prezi.com/pod6dc3ysew0/mohenjo-daro-building-materials/
http://www.harappa.com/indus/8.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masdar_City
http://www.masdar.ae/assets/downloads/content/226/
masdar_corporate_brochure.pdf
http://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/press_releases/?121320/WWF-Abu-Dhabi-unveil-
plan-for-worlds-first-carbon-neutral-waste-free-car-free-city
http://www.dezeen.com/2010/11/18/floating-observatories-by-upgrade-studio-dsba-
and-mihai-carciun/
http://www.designboom.com/architecture/floating-observatories-winning-design-of-
taiwan-tower-conceptual-competition/
http://thecsrjournal.in/desalination-plants-to-produce-fresh-water-in-lakshwadeep/
http://www.alternative-energy-news.info/technology/hydro/wave-power/
http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-science/wind-power2.htm
!40

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