25. DNA damage and apoptosis Reactive oxygen species (free radicals) Mucositis, damaged cells, blood vessels Mechanism – Current Thinking
26. Today’s Pathobiology Perspective: A Multiple Mechanism Model Healing Ulceration Signaling and Amplification Upregulation and Message Gen Initiation Keefe and Sonis – Cancer Supplement. 100:1995-2011, 2004.
27. Today’s Pathobiology Perspective: A Multiple Mechanism Model Healing Ulceration Signaling and Amplification Upregulation and Message Gen Initiation Apoptosis Tissue Injury IL-1 TNF- IL-6 NF- B Angiogenesis Clonogenic Cell Death ROS DNA Injury Fibronectin Breaks Up Activates Macrophages MMP Gene Upregulation Cell Membrane Epithelium Endothelium Connective Tissue Macrophages Sphingomyelinase Ceramide Pathway Ceramide Synthase Expression of Adhesion Molecules COX-2 CT RT
45. Gram-negative Bacteria and Oral Mucositis G (-) bacilli Lipopolysaccharide release Binding to epithelium Cytokine release: TNF, IL-6, IL-1 Increased inflammatory process
46.
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48. Culture Independent Methodology Bacterial isolate PCR of 16S rRNA TOPO TA cloning kit E. Coli 16S rRNA library (24-25 clones) DNA sequencing Species identification