This document discusses how artificial intelligence and machine learning can augment human abilities to give people "super powers." It provides examples of how AI is being used to help doctors diagnose cancer more accurately, help athletes optimize their training, and help pilots in emergency situations. The document argues that combining human and computer capabilities through augmented intelligence can achieve better performance than either could alone by covering each other's gaps. It also discusses challenges like developing commonsense reasoning and ensuring responsible, ethical use of these technologies.

1. © 2015 International Business Machines Corporation1
IBM
© 20015 IBM Corporation
September 2017
Frank Stein
Director of Analytics Solution Center
IBM
fstein@us.ibm.com
www.ibm.com/ascdc
Leveraging Information for Smarter Organizational Outcomes
Getting your Super Powers
with Watson and
IA Solutions
0818

2. © 2015 International Business Machines Corporation2
IBM
Introduction
▪"Write me a creature that thinks as well as a man, or better
than a man, but not like a man.“
▪John Campbell, Editor, Astounding Science Fiction, 1930’s

3. © 2015 International Business Machines Corporation4
IBM
Augmenting our human brains to become Super Powerful !

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IBM
Watson answers a grand challenge
Can we design a computing system that rivals a human’s ability to answer
questions posed in natural language, interpreting meaning and context and
retrieving, analyzing and understanding vast amounts of information in real-time?
video

5. © 2015 International Business Machines Corporation7
IBM
Imagine your
own custom
“Tricorder”

6. © 2015 International Business Machines Corporation8
IBM
Super-Human Vision Performance Possible with ML
http://eff.org/ai/metrics

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IBM
Performance is a function of Data
1K training examples 10k training examples
Facebook BABI Reading Comprehension http://eff.org/ai/metrics

8. Super-human Vision Applications
Melanoma Detection Depression Detection
HyperImaging

9. © 2015 International Business Machines Corporation11
IBM
Speech Reco Performance over Time
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1995 2001 2004 2011 2014 2015 2016 2017
Machine
Human
Deep
learning
techniques
Word error rate on Switchboard dataset (ibm results)
Worderrorrate%

10. © 2015 International Business Machines Corporation12
IBM
Super-Human Speech Reco Applications
Psychosis Prediction
Disease Prediction
Brain injury Prediction

11. © 2015 International Business Machines Corporation13
IBM
Making Super Athletes
50% fewer
soft tissue injuries
afflicting a Major League
Baseball (MLB) team using the
platform to personalize training
regimes
53% fewer
lost training days
experienced by an MLB team
using evidence-based recovery
strategies
Helps
optimize performance
and recovery of athletes by
recommending individualized
training and nutrition regimes

12. © 2015 International Business Machines Corporation14
IBM
Becoming a Super Oncologist
Business problem:
Need better individualized cancer treatment plans
Solution:
• Suggestions to help inform oncologists’ decisions
based on 600K+ pieces of evidence and 2M pages of
text from 42 publications
• Analyzes patient data against thousands of historical
cases and trained through 5000+ Memorial Sloan-
Kettering MD and analyst hours
• Evolves with the fast-changing field
Attacking the cause of
one in four deaths
Watson for
Oncology
Built with Memorial Sloan Kettering

13. © 2015 International Business Machines Corporation15
IBM
Becoming a Super Lawyer

14. © 2015 International Business Machines Corporation16
IBM
Route
Optimization
Optimize
On-shelf
Availability
Asset
Placement
Predict Demand
Spikes
Optimize
Product Mix
Maximize Occupancy
Personalize Engagement
Promotion
Optimization
Out-of-Stock
Prediction
Dynamic
Pricing
16
© 2017 IBM Corporation
Super Power: Omnipresence
Real-time product assortment prediction for an entire city
Provided by Jesus Mantas,IBM Managing Partner, Cognitive Process Transformation
From: Jesus Mantas https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q_zHsOiFxZ8

15. © 2015 International Business Machines Corporation17
IBM
80% analytics forecast accuracy
increased to 99% accuracy
$115 million incremental
profit over 2 years vs. current
product launch plan
180 million choices are
evaluated by the AI engine in
< 10 seconds
© 2017 IBM Corporation 17
Super Power: Precognition (Prescience)

16. © 2015 International Business Machines Corporation18
IBM
Auto-GCAS Saves Unconscious F-16 Pilot—Declassified USAF
Footage
Super Power to Save Pilot’s Lives

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IBM
Cognitive Assistant for M&A Analysis Concept
Video

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IBM
The Augmented Intelligence Assumption behind Super Powers
▪Humans + Computers can
achieve better performance
than either alone
▪When might this be true?
When they complement each
other
▪ Gaps in computer capabilities
are covered by human
capabilities
▪ Gaps in human capabilities are
covered by computer
capabilities
Computer Capabilities
Gaps: Creativity, goal
setting, commonsense
reasoning, rare cases, …
Human Capabilities
Gaps: Memory, attention,
large scale search, …
Augmented Intelligence
Gaps are covered

19. © 2015 International Business Machines Corporation21
IBM
Augmented Intelligence: Chess Playing Computers
• Human
Performance
• Computer
Performance
• Human +
Computer
Team

20. © 2015 International Business Machines Corporation22
IBM
Areas where People can give Computers Super Powers
▪True Conversation
▪Video understanding (beyond reco)
▪Common Sense Reasoning
▪ Strategic Thinking
▪ Forward looking
▪Episodic Memory
▪Understanding Diagrams, Scientific articles
▪Ethics

21. © 2015 International Business Machines Corporation23
IBM
23
“Where there is great power, there is great
responsibility”

22. © 2015 International Business Machines Corporation24
IBM
The hope is that, in not too many years, human brains and
computing machines will be coupled together very tightly,
and that the resulting partnership will think as no human
brain has ever thought and process data in a way not
approached by the information-handling machines we
know today”
JCR Licklider, 1960, Professor at MIT
The computer is incredibly fast, accurate, and stupid. Man is
unbelievably slow, inaccurate, and brilliant. The marriage of
the two is a force beyond calculation.
LEO CHERNE, attributed, The World of Work: Careers
and the Future

23. © 2015 International Business Machines Corporation25
IBM
Fstein@us.ibm.com
www.ibm.com/watson