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FruitBreedomics 1st Stakeholder Day meeting 20120207 RBIPH apple breeding
1. Apple breeding in Holovousy
Jan Blazek
Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology
Holovousy Ltd.
Holovousy 1
508 01 Horice,
Czech Republic
blazek@vsuo.cz
3. Milestoness of the institute
• Research institute for Pomology was established
at Holovousy in 1951
• It was transferred under Czechoslovak Academy
of Science in 1956.
• In 1977 it was included as independent enterprise
into horticultural company Sempra Praha (Seeds
of Prague)
• In 1997 this institute was transferred into present
share holding company with 51 % ownership of
Sempra Praha
5. Location of Holovousy
• A small village Holovousy is located in East
Bohemia region about 100 km eastwards from
Prague
• The nearest town named Horice is about 4 km
aside
• The altitude of the place is 320 m a.s.l.
• The mean year rainfall is 660 mm
6. Research and Breeding Institute of
Pomology Holovousy Ltd.
• Total no. of employers: 75
• Research workers: 20
• Technicians: 27
• Total land acreage: 90 ha
• Total orchard acreage: 60 ha
• Glasshouses and other
• covered areas: 1,5 ha
7. Research and Breeding Institute of
Pomology Holovousy Ltd.
- 5 departments
• Economics
• Germ plasma (cultivar collections of fruit
species)
• Genetics and breeding
• Plant protection
• Growing technologies of fruit crops
8. Fruit species involved in breeding
programme of RBIP Holovousy:
• Apples – decisively the most important
• Sweet cherries
• Plums
• Apricots – only for local conditions
• Pears – more or less in silence now
9. Apple breeding in RBIP Holovousy
• This program started in the middle sixties of the
last century
Present extent:
• Glasshouse and nurseries - 1,2 ha
• Seedlings in fruiting stage - 5,9 ha
• Pre-selected seedlings in the second
and third levels of testing
trials – 1,8 ha
• Number of trees in fruiting stage - 22 695
10. Resistance to scab is the main objective of our
selections at earliest stage of seedlings
11. Tolerance to powdery mildew is the second
objective of our selections at early stage of seedlings
12. Apple breeding: present one year extent
(mean numbers from 2000-2011)
• No. of parental cross combinations: .............................62
• Total number of pollinated flowers:............................8957
• Number of pollinated flowers in main crosses ....up to 500
• No. of pollinated flowers in the first (test) crosses: 30- 50
• Total number of seeds obtained from the crosses.....15 786
• No. of young seedlings after pre-selection (scab): ......3 732
• No. of two years old seedlings for budding on M 9:…..1 340
15. Apple breeding: main objectives of the
selection
• Resistance or tolerance to diseases
• Fruit quality
• Fruit attractiveness
• Fruit storage potential
• Productivity and regularity of the yields
• Tree performance (growth habit)
• Columnar growth habit
16. New apple cultivars developed in RBIP
Holovousy
Period No. of
registered
new cultivars
before 1995 5
1996 - 2000 8
2001 -2005 15
since 2006 13
still in the state
variety trials 14
18. Julia (HL 461)
Parents: Quinte x Discovery
Tree growth: compact like, rather medium
Time of flowering: early
Time of ripening: end of July
Time of consuming: 2 weeks
Productivity: early and high
Diseases: tolerant both to scab and mildew
Other properties: resistant to bruising of fruit.
21. Summer apple Miodar
Origin: 'Mio' x 'Quinte'
Time of ripening: one week after ´Julia´
Medium level of resistance to diseases and high
productivity.
Very attractive fruits of medium or large size and
quite regular mostly globose shape.
80% of its surface covered by washed bright pink
red over-color.
Fruiting is precocious, trees bear high and mostly
regular yields.
23. Mivibe
Origin: 'Mio' x 'Vista Bella'
Time of ripening: middle of August
Attractive fruits, high inner quality.
Trees are partly resistant to diseases.
Yields are early, medium high and quite regular.
Fruit has rather large size
Nearly all its surface is covered by bright red
over-colour distributed mostly as a washed
blush
25. Angold
Parents: A 28/39 (Antonovka o.p.) x Golden D.
Time of ripening: one week before Golden Del.
Fruit size large, attractive
Flesh cream, crisp, juicy, taste harmonic sub-acid to
sweet
Time of consuming: December – February
Tree growth: middle vigorous with a tendency to self
fruit thinning
Productivity: early and high
Diseases: resistant to scab (welcome alternative to
Vf type), slightly susceptible to mildew
Remarks: very suitable for ecological systems of
apple production especially for colder regions
28. Rubinstep
Parents: Clivia x Rubín
Time of harvest: two weeks before Golden Del.
Fruit: attractive, middle size (150-200 g), flat globose
(obloied), orange red
Flesh yellowish, very crisp, juicy, taste excellent , sweet
Time of consuming: November - February
Tree: vigour below medium, habit upright to spreading
Productivity: very early, moderate to high, regular
Diseases: medium to less susceptible both to scab and
powdery mildew
Remarks: apple with remarkable high fruit quality. It is more
suitable for colder regions of apple growing with
respect to prolonged storage potential of fruits
31. Fragrance
Parents: ´Florina´ x ´Jarka´.
Time of harvest: similar or shortly after Golden Delicious
Fruit: attractive, middle size (170-220 g), round or globular
conical regular shape, mostly red blush on the
greater part of fruit surface
Flesh cream, crisp, taste is excellent, pleasantly flavoured,
sub-acidly sweet
Time of consuming: February - May
Tree: vigour medium, standard growth habit
Yields: precocious, productive and regular
Diseases: It is resistant to scab. Incidence of powdery
mildew is low.
Remarks: Fruits are tolerant to storage disorders and
diseases
33. Felicita
Parents: ´Jonadel´ x ´Rubín´
Time of harvest: one weak before or at the same time
like Golden Delicious
Fruit: attractive, above mean size (180-230 g), conical
regular shape, pattern of over color weakly
defined flush with stripes.
Flesh cream, crisp medium firm and juicy. Taste is
predominately sweet, with a pleasant flavor,
very good.
Time of consuming: December - March
Tree: vigor medium, spreading growth habit
Yields: precocious, productive and regular
Diseases: very low susceptibility to scab and powdery
mildew
35. Rucla
Parents: Clivia x Rubín
Time of harvest: one week before Golden Del.
Fruit: attractive, middle size (150-200 g), globose to
globose conical, purple red
Flesh cream, very crisp, juicy, taste excellent
Time of consuming: February-April
Tree: vigour medium, habit spreading to drooping
Productivity: early, medium level, regular
Diseases: medium to less susceptible both to scab
and powdery mildew
Remarks: apple with remarkable high fruit quality.
It is more suitable for colder regions of apple
growing with respect to prolonged storage potential
of fruits
37. Meteor
Parents: Megumi x Melrose
Time of harvest: similar or shortly after Golden Delicious
Fruit: attractive, large (over 200 g), round or globular conical
regular shape, purple red, blushed or striped nearly the whole
surface
Flesh is cream, firm and juicy and the texture is fine.
The taste is sub-acid sweet, pleasantly flavored, excellent.
Storage life: Outstanding mostly till August
Trees are medium vigorous, medium susceptible to scab and
mildew. They start bearing relatively late and are medium but
regular productive
Remarks: Fruit thinning is mostly not necessary and shares of f
fancy and extra fancy classes in picked fruits are high.
Fruits are resistant to storage diseases.
39. Slendera
Parents: Florina x Telamon
Time of harvest: similar to Golden Delicious
Fruit: medium size (120 - 175 g), globular conical regular
and little ribbed shape, red, striped or partly
blushed on the main surface
Flesh is white, medium firm. The taste is sub-acid sweet,
overall good.
Storage life: December – February
Trees: columnar growth habit, vigorous, resistant to scab
and mildew. Fruiting is very precocious but with
strong tendency to biennial fruiting habit
Remarks: Fruit thinning or other methods of limited
flower pollination are necessary to be used for
regular cropping of trees.
