Red Hat for IBM System z IBM Enterprise2014 Las Vegas

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Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Deep
Technical Dive and Performance
Considerations
Filipe Miranda <fmiranda@redhat.com>

Global Lead for Red Hat Products on IBM System z and Power Systems

Red Hat Inc.

Session Topics
Red Hat Inc in a Nutshell

- Growing Market for Red Hat

- Open Source Model

- Development Powerhouse

- JBoss for IBM System z

!Overview of the collaboration between Red Hat and IBM

!Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Overview

- Highlights about what is new

!Performance gains with RHEL7

- CPU, Memory, I/O versus RHEL6

!More details on new aspects of RHEL7

- Systemd deep dive

- More details about this new feature

- Linux Containers deep dive

- What can we really do with Linux Containers

- An introduction to Red Hat Openshift

Featured ISVs

-VERISTORM

- Hadoop on Linux for IBM System z

- Sine NOMINE

- High Availability Demo

!Where to find more information about RHEL on IBM System z

Red Hat in a Nutshell

Growing Market for Red Hat

Red Hat Open Source Model

Red Hat Development Powerhouse
Corporate Contributions to Linux (Kernel 3.3 - 3.10)

Red Hat Development Powerhouse
Corporate Contributions to OpenStack

JBoss products

JBoss EAP for IBM System z
• JBoss® Enterprise Application Platform (JBoss EAP) is supported on a variety of market-leading operating systems, Java™Virtual
Machines (JVMs), and database combinations.

• IBM JDK is supported (1)
and ready to run on Red Hat Enterprise Linux for IBM System z

• Red Hat provides both production and development support for supported conﬁgurations and tested integrations according to
your subscription agreement in both physical and virtual environments.
https://access.redhat.com/site/articles/111663(1)
JBoss addingValue to your solution

Take advantage of Java on Red Hat Enterprise Linux for IBM System z

Red Hat and IBM Collaboration
More than 13 years of collaboration between Red Hat and IBM to offer
choice to our customers:

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Certiﬁed on all IBM platforms

Red Hat and IBM Collaboration
• Offered in zCloud

• Embedded as “KVM” in:

• IBM SmartCloud

• zBX (x86 Blades virtualization)

• PureFlex Systems

• Embedded in Netezza

• IBM’s Watson Cluster

• Running on Power Systems
Red Hat is currently part of IBM’s
solutions such as:

RHEL on z increasing footprint
RHEL for System z revenue growth % - installed base WW
Source: Red Hat

Current RHEL Lifecycle
*All dates are approximate and subject to change

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
• RHEL7 Basic Facts

!• What’s changed ?

• What can we beneﬁt from RHEL 7 on s390x?

!• What’s System z speciﬁc ?
Public release Jun 2014

Basic Facts
• Based on Fedora 19 and Kernel 3.10

!• Supported Architectures: x86_64, IBM Power
Systems and System z

!• 64bit! 32-bit libraries will be made available

Installer
• The RHEL 7 installation procedure presents a user friendly interface that allows RHEL to be
installed a more comprehensive installation process rather than having 13 linear screens

• Easy to go back to a main page

• Warnings and errors provided to guide the user

System Initialization and service manager
• Uses Systemd, a system and service manager

!• Allows more work to be done concurrently
(possibly in parallel) at system startup resulting
faster system boot times.

!• Integrates chkconfig + service

Filesystems - Many choices

Linux Containers
Application isolation mechanism for light-weight, multi-tenancy environments
with a single underlying OS
https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7/html/
Resource_Management_and_Linux_Containers_Guide/sec-Creating_a_Container.html

MS Integration
• Out-of-the-box Linux support of direct interoperability with Active Directory

• Automatic detection of the domain controller to join (AD/IDM)

• Simple, integrated set-up of the authentication configuration

RHEL on z Specific new features

Performance Comparison RHEL6/7

Lab Environment
Lab Environment Setup
• Hardware and z/VM Environment

• z12 EC, 4 IFLs used (non concurrent tests)

• Separate LPARs for RHEL 6, RHEL 7

• z/VM 6.1

• IBM DS8000 Storage Array

• ECKD DASD, mod 3

• FCP through Fiber Switch

• VSWITCH used for networking

• RHEL 6.5 GA, default install

• RHEL 7.0 GA, default install

System Startup
Case 1: System Startup
• RHEL 6: Upstart (initscripts)

• Startup finished when /etc/rc.local is processed

• uptime > /tmp/boot.uptime

example:

15:05:11 up 0 min, 0 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00

• Compare with start time of /sbin/init process (pid 1)

• stat /proc/1

example:

Access: 2014-06-17 15:05:00.500250830 -0400

• RHEL 7: Systemd

• Startup statistics built into tools

• systemd-analyze (startup time)

• systemd-analyze blame (individual services)

• systemd-analyze plot (graphical plot of startup time)

System Startup
Case 1: System Startup: Results
• Default configuration, with Apache enabled on boot

• Overall system startup

• RHEL 6: 11.0s

• RHEL 7: 3.3s

• Difference: 3x

!
• System startup to Apache running

• RHEL 6: 10s

• RHEL 7: <3s

!
• systemd-analyze plot SVG example

Networking
Case 2: Networking
• Test Plan

• Use Apache web server benchmark to simulate heavy client network traffic

• Client and server on same LPAR, using sameVSWITCH, to avoid benchmarking external
network speeds in lab

!• Technical Details

• 100,000 connections

• 4 concurrent connections at a time

• Payload size: small (312 bytes)

• 3 test runs, then average results

• RHEL 6.5:Apache version 2.2.15

• RHEL 7.0:Apache version 2.4.6

Networking
Case 2: Networking
Results
Reasons:

Network driver (qeth) updated. Also many kernel network subsystem improvements in RHEL 7.

Sysbench - Benchmark tool
• Sysbench

• http://sysbench.sourceforge.net/

• “SysBench is a modular, cross-platform and multi-threaded benchmark tool for evaluating
OS parameters that are important for a system running a database under intensive load.
The idea of this benchmark suite is to quickly get an impression about system performance
without setting up complex database benchmarks or even without installing a database at
all.”

!
• Technical Details

• Download and install sysbench package from Fedora

• Rebuild source RPM required on RHEL for System z

Memory
Case 3: Sysbench: Memory Performance
• Test 2: Memory reads and writes

• This is a simple test of reads and writes to memory.

• Test memory size in all tests is 8GB. Guest memory size is 1 GB.
Results
Reasons

Improvements to the Linux kernel memory subsystem between RHEL 6 and RHEL 7.

I/O
Case 4: Sysbench: Disk I/O Performance
• Test 3: File I/O

• This test simulates I/O workload to disk. The test was run on both ECKD Mod-3
DASD
Results
• Reasons

• Improvements to the DASD driver, as well as file system improvements in xfs, which
is now the default in RHEL 7. Compared to ext4, the xfs file system is faster (for
certain filesystem layouts), and scales to higher sizes.

Systemd Deep Dive

Systemd
# systemd-analyze plot > boot.svg ; firefox ./boot.svg

Systemd
Checking status of a service using systemctl:

Systemd
Stoping a service using systemctl:

Systemd
Starting a service using systemctl:

More information about the service

Systemd
Systemd sshd script example:

Systemd
Systemd:Automatic restart of services

Systemd
Systemd Postﬁx script example:

Systemd
Difference in script complexity:

RHEL6 and RHEL7

Systemd
Creating your own Systemd service script:

Systemd + CGroups
Systemd working with CGroups
dstat − Display details of a data structure (i.e. block or sector)

Systemd + CGroups
Systemd working with CGroups:

Limiting write to 1M

Linux Containers Deep Dive

Linux Containers
Application Containers

(same kernel and /usr as the host system)
Hosting Applications:Application Containers

Linux Containers
• Secure application sandboxing technology

• Promotes ultra multi-tenancy and density

• Carves up the host system and its resources into containers
What are Linux Containers?

Linux Containers
Key elements of Linux Containers

Linux Containers
Linux Containers building blocks
Linux Containers are built using the following RHEL technologies:

!
• Resource Management - Control groups (CGroups)

• Filesystem Separation – Device mapperThin Provisioning

• Isolation - Namespaces

• Security - SELinux

• Tooling – Libvirt-lxc and virt-sandbox-service

!
Deployment model: Plumbed into systemd which allows for launching hundreds of containers

Linux Containers
Red Hat Enterprise Linux - Container Architecture

Linux Containers
Resource Management with Cgroups

Linux Containers
• Mount : mounting/unmounting filesystems

• UTS : hostname, domainname

!• IPC : SysV message queues, shared memory segments

!• Network: IPv4/IPv6 stacks, routing, firewall

!• PID: Private /proc, multiple pid 1's

!• User: (UID) Just showing up in the Kernel now

!• Mount, UTS, IPC, Network, PID are fully supported in RHEL 7.0
Namespaces

Sample slide
Host based Application Container
Shared RHEL host based application container

!
• Generic application containers

• Run any command / package supported on the host system

!
• Systemd application containers

• Scale – launch 100s of containers using systemd

• /usr in container same as the host OS

Linux Containers

Standalone

Systemd

Linux Containers
Linux Containers Next Generation : Image based Containers and Container Management

Docker - Image Based Container
Image based Container
• Image based (Docker)

!
• Chroot Application Containers (devops, dev/test)

!
• RHEL/Fedora image with newer packages

!
• Container /usr differs from the host OS

Red Hat, Fedora and Docker
• Red Hat doing heavy lifting in Fedora to ensure Docker runs on a Red Hat based container stack

• Device mapper thin provisioning

• Replaces AUFS dependency in Docker

• Libvirt-lxc sandbox

• Replaces lxc-tools dependency in Docker

• SELinux

!• Links: partnership and ongoing work

• http://tinyurl.com/RedHatDockerPR

• http://blog.docker.io/2013/09/red-hat-and-docker-collaborate/

Containers versus Virtualization
Containers vs KVMVirtualization
• Startup and shutdown speed

• Ease of Maintenance

• Easy to create

• System-wide changes visible in each container

• For RHEL Shared OS Containers

• Scalability: Number of containers

• Process Memory Sharing
KVMVirtualization vs Containers
• Boot multiple Different Operating Systems

• Including Windows

• Separate kernel

• Better Security

• Kernel crash does not take down host

• Guest Isolation from host changes

• Full Separation

• Features such as live migration and live storage migration

OpenShift - Example of LXC

Openshift

Openshift
Get StartedToday for Free
• Deploy Apps to the OpenShift OnLine Developer Preview

• Request an Evaluation of OpenShift Enterprise

• Join the OpenShift Origin Open Source Project community
http://openshift.redhat.com

Featured ISVs
Hadoop on Linux on IBM System z

Big Savings, Big Opportunity.
Provides new Big Data query abilities for System z

Validated. Benchmarked. Supported.

Leverages existing capital and operational investments

No COBOL or SQL needed to extract data for processing

Preserves mainframe security and control over sensitive data

Native System z data collection from DB2, IMS,VSAM and Long Form
Sequential Data

Validated with Red Hat Enterprise Linux

Eliminates costs and security risks of ofﬂoading data

Featured ISVs
High Availability Option from Sine Nomine:
SNA HAO - High Availability Option for Red Hat Enterprise Linux offers:

Fail-over (Monitors the HA application and the RHEL guestVM)

Clustered File System (GFS2)

Load Balancing (ipvs)
Based on the source code of the High Availability solution offered by Red Hat on x86 but enhanced for the IBM
System z Platform and features a fencing mechanism that interfaces with z/VM.

!Supports Clusters on the same z/VM environment, Clusters on different z/VM environments, different CECs, it
uses fence_zvm and fence_zvmip as fencing mechanisms.

!Supported by SNA on RHEL 6.2+ and RHEL7

!Technical Support available Globally as a third party add-on directly from the developer - SNA - Standard and
Premium 24/7, email and telephone support
Primary contacts: David Boyes dboyes@sinenomine.net

Neale Fergunson nfergunson@sinenomine.net

SNA High Availability Example
Mainframe Environment
SME LPAR
SME6
Cluster
Management
Console
SME7
Cluster
Node 1
SME8
Cluster
Node 2

Deﬁning resources, IP Address:

Deﬁning resources, the application:

Creating a highly available service, where all resources are combined to offer the
any application the HA feature:

Checking cluster status, command line:

Simulating a application outage and failover action

Simulating virtual machine outage

Service moving from node sme8 to node sme7:

checking the status of the cluster again:

Excellent documentation from Sine Nomine on how to deploy the SNA HAO for
RHEL on IBM System z
http://www.sinenomine.net/products/linux/hao

Additional References
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/linux390/documentation_red_hat.html#rhel7 http://www.redbooks.ibm.com

Danke

Thank you

Grazie

Obrigado

Gracias
Filipe Miranda <fmiranda@redhat.com>

Global Lead for Red Hat Products on IBM System z and Power Systems

Red Hat Inc.

Red Hat for IBM System z IBM Enterprise2014 Las Vegas

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