This document discusses self-consumption of solar energy in Spain. It summarizes the current energy system as inefficient, dependent on fossil fuels and imports, and environmentally harmful. Self-consumption of solar energy through photovoltaic systems is presented as an opportunity for citizens to take control of their energy supply in a decentralized way. The document analyzes Spain's current regulations around self-consumption and proposes allowing unlimited system sizes, net billing, and reducing taxes and administrative barriers to promote further adoption of self-consumption.
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Autoconsumo en España. Mariano Sidrach, Legambiente.
1. www.fundacionrenovables.org
L’ autoproduzione in Spagna
Self-consumption: An opportunity to create value for the consumer and the energy system
Mariano Sidrach de Cardona Ortín
Fundación Renovables
msidrach@uma.es
Liberiamo in Italia
l'autoproduzione da energie pulite
Roma, 14 Aprile 2016
2. www.fundacionrenovables.org
Mariano Sidrach de Cardona Ortín
Fundación Renovables
msidrach@uma.es
Está publicación está bajo licencia Creative Commons.
Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual (CC BY-NC-SA)
Usted puede usar, copiar y difundir este documento, o parte del mismo, siempre y cuando se mencione su
origen, no se use de forma comercial y no se modifique su licencia.
3. www.fundacionrenovables.org
The main purpose of Fundación
Renovables is to raise awareness of the
need for a change of new energy model
based primarly on savings, efficiency and
renewable energy.
4. www.fundacionrenovables.org
L’ autoproduzione in Spagna:
Self-consumption: An opportunity to create value for the
consumer and the energy system
• The current energy system: Problems and Solutions
• Photovoltaic solar energy: A new energy revolution
• Current situation in Spain
• Fundación Renovables proposal
5. www.fundacionrenovables.org
Unsustainable current energy system:
- Inefficient
- Strong dependence on foreign
- Heavy dependence on fossil fuels
- Great impact on the environment
- Great impact on health
- Unsupportive
- A business outside the general interests
- A not very responsible citizen in the use of energy
76%
50%
España UE
Importaciones
energéticas
Energy Dependence
– Air pollution
• 450.000 premature deaths/y in the UE;
27.000 in Spain
– Energy dependence on imports
• 2013: 40.997M€ fossil fuels net imports
• 2013: 7.300M€ imports avoided by
renewables
6. www.fundacionrenovables.org
Cities with future
1. Emissions reduction
2. A new visión of
energy as a way to
recover urban space
3. Active role of the
citizen
The dayThe night
In May 2013 for the first time was exceeded 400 ppm
7. www.fundacionrenovables.org
We need a new energy model that represents a technological and social
change.
- Energy as a basic and scarce resource
- Sustainability Model
- Efficiency and use of Renewable Energy
- Demand side management not only offer management
- Energy as a motor of a New Economic Model and productive
- Transparency and Good Governance as bases and relationship management
- The need to promote a new culture of energy that empower citizens: energy
prosumer
General principles of action:
8. www.fundacionrenovables.org
The ICT holds the key to access new practices in the operation of the electric system
Traditional model… New grid model…
Future model of the electricity system
9. www.fundacionrenovables.org
Fundación Renovables: Proposed energy policy
Achieving zero emissions and 100% renewable are two
inescapable objectives and complementary
Renewable energies are the solution, not the problem
Year
Reducing
emissions
%Vs 1990
Improving energy
efficiency
% Vs 2005
Reduction of
primary energy
demand
% Vs 2005
Electrification of
demand %
Generation of
electricity from
renewable %
Contribution of
renewables %
2020 More than 20 More than 20 More than 15 More than 30 More than 45 More than 20
2030 55 45 40 55 80 50
2040 80 55 45 70 100 80
2050 Zero
Emissions
60 50 80 100
10. www.fundacionrenovables.org
Self-consumption key for quick, efficient and democratic [r]evolution to a
new energy model
An self-consumption installation is a system that allows the user to
generate electricity to supply its energy needs and to send excess
energy to the grid and to consume energy from the grid when
demand can not be supplied by the installation.
In the case that this generation is performed by a photovoltaic
system it is named “Self-consumption Photovoltaic System".
Self-consumption : the right to choose energy
11. www.fundacionrenovables.org
Photovoltaic Energy:
Technological advantages:
Energy sun directly converted into electricity
Modular
Competitive prices
Environmental and Social Benefits:
It produces clean energy
It allows production closer to where consumption occurs
Decentralizing energy supply
Break the electricity monopoly
Responsible citizens for their energy consumption
In summary it allows democratize energy consumption
Self-consumption : the right to choose energy
1955: 1500 $/Wp and 3 % efficiency
2015: 0,4 $/Wp and 22 % efficiency
12. www.fundacionrenovables.org
A new energy and social modelThe Photovoltaics revolution:
Technological maturity
Competitive costs
Appropriate legislation
Social demand
Technological
and social
change
13. www.fundacionrenovables.org
This RD establishes two modalities:
Current status in Spain: RD 900/2015 (october, 2015)
1. 2.
Modality Supply with self-consumption Production with self-comsumption
Consumer Producer and consumer
Maximum contracted power 100 kW No limit
Maximum installed power ≤ Contracted power ≤ Contracted power
Holder suply = Holder PV
system
Yes Maximum two
Energy excess injected to the
grid
unpaid Paid according to hourly pool price
Tolls yes yes
14. www.fundacionrenovables.org
Self consumers connected to the electricity system.
Tolls as a contribution to the financing of the costs and services of the electricity
system.
A. Tolls access to networks
B. Charges associated with the electricity system costs
C. Charges for other system services
Current status: RD 900/2015 (october, 2015)
The RD does not specify all access tolls. Transiently includes two:
1. A fixed charge for power
2. A charge to the self-consumed energy. Not applicable for installations under 10 kW
15. www.fundacionrenovables.org
Fundación Renovables proposal
•Self-consumption must become the future model as it does not need subsidies
•Self-consumed energy does not use the grid and, therefore, it does not have cost or
incentives or penalties. The effect is reduction of demand.
•Self-consumption installation without limitations or restrictions of power and energy.
•The exchange with the system must be based on the real assessment of the energy
delivered / consumed.
•Net-billing system with yearly netting period.
•Creating a framework for Self-consumption sharing, as a union of several generators
/ consumers.
•Promoting line storage and demand management and system optimization as well as
electric vehicle charging.
•Application of a reduced taxes for self-consumption systems.
•Registration and simple without administrative barriers for authorization.
16. www.fundacionrenovables.org
It is necessary the implementation of an open management model to any way
of participation:
•Only consumer
•Prosumer, with consumption and generation systems distributed throughout
the territory
•Shared consumption
•Special treatment of residential consumers
It should be allowed to demand aggregators, managers demand and / or
energy service companies established many bilateral contracts with other
consumers deemed appropriate.
17. www.fundacionrenovables.org
Actividades a programar
The Fundación Renovables is committed to the self-consumption in all
its extension and all degrees of freedom based on the inherent right of
citizens to choose how they want to supply their energy needs
Another step to promote full development of self-consumption is to
review the current structure of the electricity tariff.
18. www.fundacionrenovables.org
Actividades a programar
Income and outcome index average household
energy for 2006-2012
Variable price each hour, depending on the market
Not all citizens pay the same price
Measurement system not accessible to the user
Problems of the current electricity system
Social problems: Energy Poverty
+3%
+5%
+12% +18%
+12%
+12%
+9%
+11%
+10%
+10%+5%
+11
%
8%
-2%
+11%
% Households with disproportionate costs (+ 10% of revenue)
in domestic energy (2012) and evolution (2007-2012)
19. www.fundacionrenovables.org
• 12 PV modules of 250 Wp
• 1 inverter of 3.0 kW
• Protection box
• Box network connection
• Without batteries
Self-consumption photovoltaic system
Mean daily energy production: 13,9 kWh
Self-consumption rate: 35%
Self-sufficiency rate: 49%
Mean daily household consumption: 9,8 kWh
La Fundación Renovables tiene como objetivo fundamental sensibilizar a la sociedad sobre la necesidad de llevar a cabo -y acelerar- un cambio de modelo energético con el ahorro, la eficiencia y las renovables como principios básicos.
Ineficiente
Fuertemente dependiente del exterior
Fuertemente dependiente de los combustibles fósiles
Gran impacto sobre el medio ambiente y la salud
Insolidario
Necesidad de descarbonizar el consumo energético para reducir emisiones
Donde la se apueste por la eficiencia, movilidad sostenible, rehabilitación de edificios, generación en consumo
3. La visión del ciudadano como parte de la solución en un proceso de mayor democratización de la energía.
La energía como un bien básico y escaso
La Sostenibilidad del modelo
La Eficiencia y las Energías Renovables como origen
La actuación por el lado de la demanda de energía y no sólo por el de la oferta
La Energía como motor de un Nuevo Modelo Económico y productivo
La Transparencia y la Buena Gobernanza como bases de gestión y relación
La necesidad de fomentar una Nueva Cultura de la energía
La energía como un bien básico y escaso
La Sostenibilidad del modelo
La Eficiencia y las Energías Renovables como origen
La actuación por el lado de la demanda de energía y no sólo por el de la oferta
La Energía como motor de un Nuevo Modelo Económico y productivo
La Transparencia y la Buena Gobernanza como bases de gestión y relación
La necesidad de fomentar una Nueva Cultura de la energía
El autoconsumo es la clave para una rápida, eficiente y democrática [revolución para un nuevo modelo energético
No hemos sido capaces de que la sociedad identifique consumo de energía y cambio climático como las dos caras de la misma moneda.
La legislación mas restrictiva de la Unión Europea
Este sistema cierra la puerta al balance neto
Cierra la puerta a la generación y el consumo compartido, como existe en otros paises
Peajes abusivos.
Discrimina al pequeño prosumidor, ya que vuelve a pagar un cargo de potencia que paga dos veces, ya que el fijo de tarifa lo sigue pagando en su recibo
Lo poco que puede ahorrar por la energía autoconsumida se compensa con los peajes por potencia.
No recibe nada or la energía que se vierte a la red.
En el caso de inyección cero paga lo mismo y si pone baterías paga mas.
Optar por un Autoconsumo sin limitaciones ni restricciones de potencia y energía.
El intercambio con el sistema debe ser en base a la valoración de la energía entregada/consumida
Neteo en la factura, con reseteo anual.
Creación de un marco para el Autoconsumo compartido, como unión de varios generadores/consumidores.
Fomento del almacenamiento como línea de gestión de la demanda y de optimización del sistema así como de la carga del vehículo eléctrico.
Propuesta del término de consumidor único.
Solicitud de una fiscalidad reducida para instalaciones de Autoconsumo.
Registro y autorización administrativa sin barreras.
Es necesaria la implementación de un modelo de gestión abierto a cualquier forma de participación:Sólo los consumidoresProsumer, con los sistemas de consumo y generación distribuida en todo el territorioConsumo compartidoTratamiento especial de los consumidores residencialesSe debe permitir agregadores de la demanda, compañías de demanda gerentes y / o de servicios energéticos establecieron muchos contratos bilaterales con otros consumidores consideren adecuadas.
17
18
Hemos ahorrado el 49 % del consumo del hogar
Si pudiéramos hacer balance neto, sería una casa de emisiones cero, que se autoabastecería, incluso con 2,5 kW
Instalación de coste 4000 €, dos días de instalación y 6 meses de trámites administrativos
Nunca tuvimos tanta tecnología disponible a precios competitivos.
Necesitamos un clamor social para un cambio de modelo energético
De manera que las leyes protejan los intereses legítimos de los ciudadanos y no los intereses de las empresa eléctricas
El precio medio horario durante este periodo ha sido de 0,0512 €/kWh, 51 €/MWh
Termino de potencia 0,111228 €/kW/día.
Precio energía: 0,120905 €/kWh
Contador 0,28 €/mes
IVA del 21%.
Precio real total en factura 0,20 €/kWh
Precio FV entre 50 y 65 €/MWh