The document contains a series of questions and answers about the anatomy of the ankle joint. It addresses the ligaments around the ankle, including the deltoid ligament and medial and lateral collateral ligament complexes. It also discusses the bones, movements, and relationships of structures around the ankle joint.

1. Questions
Ankle (Talocrural) Joint

2. The ligament shown is the
1 Deltoid ligament
2 Anterior tibiofibular ligament
3 Posterior tibiofibular ligament
4 Anterior talofibular ligament
5 Posterior talofibular ligament

3. The ligament shown is the
1 Deltoid ligament F
2 Anterior tibiofibular ligament T
3 Posterior tibiofibular ligament F
4 Anterior talofibular ligament F
5 Posterior talofibular ligament F

4. The deltoid ligament is attached to
1 Medial malleolus
2 Sustentaculum tali
3 Cuboid
4 Lateral malleolus
5 Navicular tuberosity

5. The deltoid ligament is attached to
1 Medial malleolus T
2 Sustentaculum tali T
3 Cuboid F
4 Lateral malleolus F
5 Navicular tuberosity T
The term Deltoid ligament is often used as an alternative term for the
Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) of the ankle joint.
The MCL has attachments to the tibia (medial malleolus), talus,
calcaneus and navicular. Although a unified structure, the medial
collateral ligament is often described as having functionally separate
bands, each called a ligament.

6. At the ankle
1 the dorsalis pedis artery is medial to the tendon
of extensor hallucis longus
2 flexor hallucis longus is medial to flexor
digitorum longus
3 peroneus longus is anterior to peroneus brevis
4 d) the small (short) saphenous vein runs anterior
to the lateral malleolus
5 the tibialis anterior tendon possesses a separate
synovial sheath

7. At the ankle
1 the dorsalis pedis artery is medial to the tendon
of extensor hallucis longus
F
2 flexor hallucis longus is medial to flexor
digitorum longus
F
3 peroneus longus is anterior to peroneus brevis F
4 d) the small (short) saphenous vein runs anterior
to the lateral malleolus
F
5 the tibialis anterior tendon possesses a separate
synovial sheath
T

8. The following ligaments are part of the medial
collateral ligament complex
1 tibiotalar ligament
2 Tibiocalcaneal ligament
3 Posterior tibiofibular ligament
4 Tibionavicular ligament
5 Posterior talofibular ligament

9. The following ligaments are part of the medial
collateral ligament complex
1 tibiotalar ligament T
2 Tibiocalcaneal ligament T
3 Posterior tibiofibular ligament F
4 Tibionavicular ligament T
5 Posterior talofibular ligament F
The posterior talofibular ligament is part of the lateral collateral ligament (LCL).
The posterior tibiofibular ligament is not part of the medial collateral ligament complex.

10. The following ligaments stabilise the ankle joint
1 Tibiotalar ligament
2 Cervical ligament
3 Interosseous talocalcaneal ligament
4 Calcaneofibular ligament
5 Posterior talofibular ligament

11. The following ligaments stabilise the ankle joint
1 Tibiotalar ligament T
2 Cervical ligament F
3 Interosseous talocalcaneal ligament F
4 Calcaneofibular ligament T
5 Posterior talofibular ligament T
The Tibiotalar ligament is part of the medial collateral ligament or deltoid
ligament.
The posterior talofibular ligament is part of the lateral collateral ligament, as is
the calcaneofibular ligament.
The cervical ligament runs from the talar neck to the upper surface of the
calcaneus and helps to stabilise the subtalar joint: not the ankle joint.

12. The following movements take place at the ankle joint
1 Dorsiflexion
2 Eversion
3 Supination
4 Plantarflexion
5 Inversion

13. The following movements take place at the ankle joint
1 Dorsiflexion T
2 Eversion F
3 Supination F
4 Plantarflexion T
5 Inversion F
Eversion and inversion and supination and pronation of the foot
take place at joints distal to the ankle (talocrural) joint.

14. The following bones provide attachments for the
medial collateral ligament of the ankle joint
1 Tibia
2 Navicular
3 Fibula
4 Calcaneus
5 Talus

15. The following bones provide attachments for the
medial collateral ligament of the ankle joint
1 Tibia T
2 Navicular T
3 Fibula F
4 Calcaneus T
5 Talus T
The medial collateral ligament has a superficial part that has fibres from the
tibia to the posterior talus, sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus and navicular
tuberosity and a deep part whose fibres run from the medial malleolus of the
tibia to the medial aspect of the body of the talus.

16. Concerning the ankle joint:
1 it is more stable in plantar flexion than in
dorsiflexion
2 it is a mortise joint
3 it is capable of plantar flexion, extension (dorsi-
flexion), inversion and eversion
4 it is crossed on its dorsal aspect by the tendon of
peroneus longus
5 it is crossed on its dorsal aspect by the tendon of
peroneus tertius

17. Concerning the ankle joint:
1 it is more stable in plantar flexion than in
dorsiflexion
F
2 it is a mortise joint T
3 it is capable of plantar flexion, extension (dorsi-
flexion), inversion and eversion
F
4 it is crossed on its dorsal aspect by the tendon of
peroneus longus
F
5 it is crossed on its dorsal aspect by the tendon of
peroneus tertius
T
The ankle joint is a hinge joint and is not capable of inversion and eversion.
Peroneus longus runs behind the lateral malleolus and thus crosses the ankle join
on its posterolateral aspect.

18. Concerning movements of the ankle and foot
1 tibialis anterior is a dorsiflexor of the ankle joint
and invertor of the foot
2 peroneus brevis is a plantar flexor of the ankle
joint and invertor of the foot
3 peroneus tertius is a dorsiflexor of the ankle joint
and evertor of the foot
4 tibialis posterior is a plantarflexor of the ankle
joint and invertor of the foot
5 soleus is a plantarflexor of the ankle joint and
invertor of the foot

19. Concerning movements of the ankle and foot
1 tibialis anterior is a dorsiflexor of the ankle joint
and invertor of the foot
T
2 peroneus brevis is a plantar flexor of the ankle
joint and invertor of the foot
F
3 peroneus tertius is a dorsiflexor of the ankle joint
and evertor of the foot
T
4 tibialis posterior is a plantarflexor of the ankle
joint and invertor of the foot
T
5 soleus is a plantarflexor of the ankle joint and
invertor of the foot
F
Peroneus brevis is indeed a weak plantarflexor of the ankle but it is an
evertor of the foot
Soleus is a plantar flexor of the ankle joint; however it can neither evert
nor invert the foot

20. Concerning the ankle joint
1 tibialis anterior is the principal dorsi-flexor
2 peroneus tertius is a posterolateral relation of
the joint
3 the lateral collateral ligament complex consists of
three discrete bands
4 tibialis posterior is the principal plantar-flexor
5 the medial collateral ligament (deltoid ligament)
is attached to the sustentaculum tali

21. Concerning the ankle joint
1 tibialis anterior is the principal dorsi-flexor T
2 peroneus tertius is a posterolateral relation of
the joint
F
3 the lateral collateral ligament complex consists of
three discrete bands
T
4 tibialis posterior is the principal plantar-flexor F
5 the medial collateral ligament (deltoid ligament)
is attached to the sustentaculum tali
T
Peroneus longus and brevis run behind the lateral malleolus and thus are
posterolateral relations of the ankle joint, but not peroneus tertius which crosses
in front of the ankle joint, and is thus an anterior relation.
Tibialis posterior is a plantar-flexor but not the principal plantar-flexor. That
honour goes to gastrocnemius/soleus which together plantar-flex the ankle joint
through the tendo-calcaneus.

22. Concerning the talus
1 it is the largest bone in the tarsus
2 it has no muscles or tendons inserted to it
3 it articulates with the navicular
4 it forms the roof of the sinus tarsi
5 it is the tarsal bone that most commonly
undergoes avascular necrosis

23. Concerning the talus
1 it is the largest bone in the tarsus F
2 it has no muscles or tendons inserted to it T
3 it articulates with the navicular T
4 it forms the roof of the sinus tarsi T
5 it is the tarsal bone that most commonly
undergoes avascular necrosis
T
The calcaneus is the largest bone in the tarsus.
The sinus tarsi is a bony tunnel between the neck of the talus and the
upper surface of the calcaneus.
The lack of tendinous/muscular attachments is believed to be an
important factor in the talus’s particular susceptibility to avascular
necrosis.

24. Concerning the topographical relations of the ankle (talocrural) region:
1 The tendon of tibialis anterior lies lateral to extensor hallucis
longus tendon
2 The tendon of peroneus (fibularis) tertius lies lateral to that of
extensor digitorum longus
3 the long saphenous vein runs in front of the medial malleolus
4 the short saphenous vein runs in front of the lateral malleolus
5 the anterior tibial artery lies lateral to the deep peroneal nerve

25. Concerning the topographical relations of the ankle (talocrural) region:
1 The tendon of tibialis anterior lies lateral to extensor hallucis
longus tendon
F
2 The tendon of peroneus (fibularis) tertius lies lateral to that of
extensor digitorum longus
T
3 the long saphenous vein runs in front of the medial malleolus T
4 the short saphenous vein runs in front of the lateral malleolus F
5 the anterior tibial artery lies lateral to the deep peroneal nerve F
Tibialis anterior is the most medial of the tendons which cross in front of the
ankle joint.
The short saphenous vein accompanied by the sural nerve, runs posterior to
the lateral malleolus, not anterior.
The anterior tibial artery lies medial to the deep peroneal nerve.