1. CHRONOLOGY
10th century 14th century: 15th century: 16th century:
arrival in Europe settling in Europe beginning of expulsions
Departure from India Arrival in Greece, in Arrival in Europe: 1500: the «Gypsies» are
Peloponnese and in presence noted in expelled from Germany.
Little Egypt. Bohemia (Hungary), i Entry to Russia and
the Swiss confederation, Poland.
in France (1419
Châtillon, 1427 Paris), in
Belgium, in Spain (1425
in Aragon).
Enslavement of Roms in 1471: Switzerland 1512: arrival in Sweden
Moldova and Wallachia. decides to expel all
«Gypsies»
Migration towards 1499: in Spain, the 1514: arrival in England
Europe Gitans need to abandon
a nomadic lifestyle
1539: in Spain, the
choice between settling
down or six years at the
galleys (forced labor).
15th-16th centuries: 1540: in Belgium, the
obtainment of letters of bishops ask them to
protection from the leave or else they will be
princely courts sentenced to death
17th century 18th century 19th century 20th century
In the West, expulsions End of enslavement in
and forced labor Romania
In the East: source of Assimilation policies Caught in the trap of
military recruits for the rising European

2. empires nationalism
The Samudaripen
(Roma genocide by the
Nazis)
1600: in Portugal exile in Transported to the 1856: end of slavery in Anti-Gypsy legislation
Brazil, Angola and Americas in certain Moldova and Wallachia and the Samudaripen
North Africa countries
1633: in Spain, ban on In Spain, mass New waves of migration
speaking the language, arrestations in 1749 towards Europe
dansing and carrying
fire weapons,
punishable by
enslavement.
1635: the bishops of Executions for example 1912: en France,
Portugal in England, Bohemia, in introduction of the
excommunicate the the German and Italian anthropometric passport
Gitans states for nomads
In France, the July 1682 A commitment to «Bohemianism» makes 1922: the state of Baden
Declaration created by settlement policies its way into the arts, for introduces an
Colbert and signed by example with the operas anthropometric passport
Louis XIV sentences, Carmen by Bizet and the for Gypsies
with public appraisal, Gypsy Baron in 1883 by
the Bohemians to the Johann Strauss
galleys, their wives to
imprisonment and their
children to be raised
according to the
Catholic faith
Certain groups join the Frederick II of Prussia, 1929: likewise in Prussia
armed forces of the Maria-Therese in 1768 –
German emperor, and 1773, and her son Joseph
certain also the Turk in 1782 in the Habsburg
armed forces. Empire force the
Gypsies to settle down
and work the land. In
Hungary, they lose their
names and are renamed
«new farmers».
Children are separated
from their families, and
Catherine II sends them
to Bessarabia and
Crimea.
1895: in France, the 1938: decree for the
minister of the Interior preventive combat
carries out an inventory against the Gypsy
of all nomads infestation (data
collection concerning all

3. Gypsies). 21 septembre:
decision to deport all
Jews and Gypsies to
Poland
Internment camps for
Gypsies from 1939 to
1946
In Germany, systematic
data collection on
Gypsies (14 000 files in
1925).
1940: in France, Gypsies
confined to house arrest
1942-1943: many are
deported to the
Auschwitz extinction
camp
Source: Garo, Morgan (2009). Les Rroms une nation en devenir, ed Sylepse.