a small portion of the chapter rural development in economics theory grade 11 cbse fisheries and other alternative livelihood options

2. • Marine and freshwater catch fishing combined
with aquaculture fish farming is a rapidly growing industry in
India.
• Integral and life-giving source of the fishing community.
• Fish production - increased more than tenfold since its
independence in 1947.
• Major supplier of fish in the world.
• 2008 - sixth largest producer of marine and freshwater
capture fisheries, and the second largest
aquaculture farmed fish producer in the world.
• Special efforts - to promote extensive and intensive

3. • Employing over 14 million people.
• Fish products from India are well received by almost half of
world's countries, creating export-driven employment
opportunities in India, greater food security for the world.
• In 2006 India exported > 600,000 metric tons of fish - 90
countries-earnings >$1.8 billion.
• Fish production from inland sources - 61%, remaining 39% -
marine sector (sea and oceans) of total fish production.
• Value of fish and processed fish exports: increased from less
than 1% (1960) to 3.6% (1993) (of the total production).
• Total fish production - 0.7% of the total GDP of India
• Major producers of marine products - Kerala, Gujarat,

4. • During the past decades the Indian fisheries and aquaculture
has witnessed improvements in craft, tackle and farming
methods.
• Creation of required harvest and post-harvest infrastructure
has been receiving due attention of the central and state
governments.
• All this has been inducing a steady growth.
• In 1990 1.7m full-time fishermen, 1.3m part-time
fishermen, 2.3m occasional fishermen- many of whom worked
as salt makers, ferrymen, or seamen, or operated boats for
hire.

6. • A large share of fishworker families are poor.
• Major problems the fishing community :
Rampant underemployment,
low per capita earnings,
absence of mobility of labour to other sectors,
high rate of illiteracy,
 indebtedness.
• Even though women are not involved in active fishing,
about 60% of he workers in export marketing 40% in
internal marketing are women
• There is a need to increase credit facilities though

8. • Important programs for the welfare of traditional fishermen are:
Group insurance scheme for active fishermen
Development of model fishermen villages
Saving-cum-relief scheme
Saving-cum-component financial assistance is provided to the
fishermen during the lean fishing season.
About 3.5 lakh fishermen were assisted under the saving-cum-
relief program in 2008-2009.

9. Intensive aquaculture in ponds and tanks
Enhancing productivity from reservoir fisheries
Brackish-water coastal aquaculture
Mariculture
Sea ranching
Seaweed cultivation
Infrastructure for post-harvest programmes
Fish dressing centres and solar drying fish
Domestic marketing

10. • It plays a critical role in attaining sustainable development.
• It helps in achieving food security by weather forecasting.
• Helps in disseminating information regarding emerging
technologies, weather and soil conditions for growing different
crops, etc.
• Acts as tool for identifying the creative potential and knowledge
rooted in people.
• Generates employment opportunities in the backward areas via
developing ‘info kiosk’ in rural areas.
• Ensures that their products find right kind of markets and reach
these markets in minimum time without number of middle men