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Kabihasanang Sumer
- 7. Galing sa salitang Akkadiang Šumeru Lupain ng mga Sibilisadong Hari Katutubong Lupain
- 8. Sinaunang kabihasnan at historikal na rehiyon sa Mesopotamia sa modernong Iraq noong mga panahong Chalcolithic at Early Bronze Age. Tinatawag din silang scholar na “proto- Euphratean o mga Ubaidian” na pinaniniwalaang nagebolb mula sa kulturang Samarra ng Hilagang Mesopotamia (Assyria) Mayroon itong mga maliliit pang lungsod. Nagtagal mula 5th Millenium B.C.E. – 3rd Millenium B.C.E.
- 10. •Pinakamatandang pagsusulat •Ginagamit din ng Imperyo ng Akkad •Gumamit ng Cuneiform na isang uri ng pictograph •Ginawa nilang sulatan ang mga tabletang putik.
- 12. Letter sent by the high-priest Lu'enna to the king of Lagash (maybeUrukagin a), informing him of his son's death in combat, c. 2400 BC, found inTelloh (ancient Girsu)
- 14. 26th century BC Sumerian document
- 16. This proto-literate tablet records more than just the transfer of land - the beginning of the transition from a pictograph to phonetic writing system can be seen here. Walters Art Museum,Baltimore. ca. 3100 - 2900 BC.
- 17. Walang malawakang pangimperyong hanay ng mga Diyos. Ang bawat siyudad-estado ay may sarili nitong patrong-Diyos, mga templo, mga saserdote-hari. Ang mga Sumeryo ang pinaniniwalaang ang unang sumulat ng kanilang mga paniniwala na kalaunang naging inspirasyon ng mitolohiyang Mesopotamiano na naging impluwensiya naman sa mga mas kalaunang relihiyon gaya ng Hudaismo at Kristiyanismo.
- 18. Unang gumamit ng metrolohiya noong mga 4000 B.C.E. Nabuo ang aritmetika Nabuo ang heometriya Nabuo ang alhebra
- 19. Sila ang unang nakatuklas nang area ng tatsulok Sila ang unang nakatuklas nang volume ng cube. Nagsulat sila ng mga “Multiplication Tables” sa tabla ng putik. Nagsulat sila ng mga pagsasanay sa heometrika. Nagsulat sila ng mga problema sa dibisyon.
- 20. Organisadong Irigasyon Malawakang kultibasyon ng lupain Pangisahang tanim Paggamit ng araro Paggamit ng espesyalisadong mga manggagawa sa ilalim ng burokratikong kontrol
- 21. Ang mga sumerian ang nakatuklas sa gulong Nagawa nila ang unang karwahe
- 22. • mga sistemang irigasyon •mga bangka •kalendaryong lunisolar •Bronse •Kuwero •mga lagari •mga pait •mga martilyo •mga pako •mga pin •mga bit •balat ng tubig •mga singsing •mga pala •mga palakol •mga kutsilyo •mga espada •Pandikit •Balaraw •mga bag •mga harness •mga baluti •mga karwaheng pandigma •mga bota •mga sandalyas •mga arpon •serbesa.
- 25. Ziggurats were built by the Sumerians, Babylonians, Elamites, Akkadians, and Assyrians for local religions. Each ziggurat was part of a temple complex which included other buildings. The precursors of the ziggurat were raised platforms that date from the Ubaid period during the fourth millennium BC.
- 26. The earliest ziggurats began near the end of the Early Dynastic Period.The latest Mesopotamian ziggurats date from the 6th century BC. Built in receding tiers upon a rectangular, oval, or square platform, the ziggurat was a pyramidal structure with a flat top. Sun-baked bricks made up the core of the ziggurat with facings of fired bricks on the outside. The facings were often glazed in different colors and may have had astrological significance. Kings sometimes had their names engraved on these glazed bricks.
- 27. Hindi pagkakaisa Madalas na labanan Pagtatalo sa tubig at hangganan ng lupa
- 28. •Chalcolithic- The Chalcolithic (Greek: χαλκός khalkós, "copper" and λίθος líthos, "stone")period or Copper Age, also known as the Eneolithic/Æneolithic (fromLatin aeneus "of b ronze"), is a phase of the Bronze Age before metallurgists discovered that adding tin to copper formed the harder bronze. The Copper Age was originally defined as a transition between the Neolithic and the Bronze Age. However, because it is characterized by the use of metals, the Copper Age is considered a part of the Bronze Age rather than the Stone Age.
- 29. •Cuneiform- •Cuneiform script[nb 1] is one of the earliest known systems of writing,[1] distinguished by its wedge-shaped marks on clay tablets, made by means of a blunt reedfor a stylus. The name cuneiform itself simply means "wedge shaped", from the Latin cuneus "wedge" and forma "shape," and came into English usage probably from Old French cunéiforme.
- 30. •Bureacratic – •of, relating to, or having the characteristics of abureaucracy or a bureaucrat <bureaucratic government>