GS1 Standards in Building Smart Cities

GS1 Standards in Building Digital Twins of
Smart Cities:
“Identify, Capture, Share, Use, and Imagine”
Daeyoung Kim
October 24, 2019
Professor, School of Computing, KAIST
Director, Auto-ID Labs, KAIST
• kimd@kaist.ac.kr, http://oliot.org, http://autoidlab.kaist.ac.kr, http://resl.kaist.ac.kr, http://autoidlabs.org, http://gs1.org

© Auto-ID Lab Korea / KAIST
Slide 2
Seokchon Lake Park
surrounding the Lotte World in Seoul

Slide 3
Auto-ID Labs at KAIST since 2005
Professor, School of Computing, KAIST
Director, Auto-ID Labs, KAIST (Daejeon and Seoul)
Board Member, GS1 Korea
Founding and Board member, Urban Technology Alliance (Geneva, Switzerland)
Chair, Industry Innovation Committee of Open Data Strategy Council of Korea
Assistance Planner(Data Platform), Busan Eco Delta City national smart city project

Slide 4
Various Subjects and Definitions of
Smart Cities
Division Definition
Ministry of
Land,
Infrastructure
and Transport
Future city that utilizes cutting-edge ICT for all urban resources
such as human resources, environment, energy, transportation, and
urban infrastructure to realize continuous economic development
and quality of life
ITU Smart Sustainable City is an innovative city that uses ICT to
improve the quality of life, the effectiveness of city operations
and services, and competitiveness. This ensures the needs of
present and future generations in economic, social, environmental
and cultural aspects.
IBM A city that can collect, analyze, and integrate information using ICT,
which is the key to the core system to operate the city.
Hall(2000) A city that monitors and integrates conditions of all of its critical
infrastructures, including roads, bridges, tunnels, rails, subways,
airports, seaports, communications, water, power, even major
buildings, can better optimize its resources, plan its preventive
maintenance activities, and monitor security aspects while
maximizing services to its citizens
Smart Cities
Council
City using IT and ICT to improve livability, workability and
sustainability
The Definitions of Smart Cities
※Source : ITU, World and cities (The Seoul Institute, 2015)

Slide 5
Smart City Services
Traditional city Smart city
Infra-
structure
2-dimensional
city
3-dimensitional
city
Segmented Organic
Operation Mechanical Creative
Controlled Self-organized
Services City-centered Citizen-centered
Process-based Data-based
Traditional City
+ Data
+ Cloud Services
+ AI/Deep Learning
Services
Transport
/Logistics
• Intelligent Safety Management System for
subway/rail/bus
• Smart Crosswalk
• Autonomous Car / Smart Parking
• Traffic Information Collection and Bypass
Road Guidance
• Traffic/Cargo Traceability
Environment • Air Quality Management System
• Subway Vent Management System
• Smart City-Environment Management System
Energy • Smart Building Energy Save System
• Electric Car Charging Station
• Smart Store Energy Management
Safety • Smartcity Disaster Prevention System
• Safe Driving Alert System
• Smart anti-kids-lost services
• Smart Traffic Safety Services in School Zones
• Socially Underprivileged Security Services
Healthcare • Medicines and Medical Devices Management
System
Food
Services
• Food Safety Systems
• Disclosure / Tracking / Recall Service
Smart City Services
Smart City

Slide 6
Japan (Fujisawa)

Slide 7
Barcelona
• Barcelona Smart City
• Create an ecosystem that industry and academia cooperate under the shared value
• Open various city public data ➔ Drive development of creative smart city services
• Operate data-driven City OS platform
• Based on IoT platforms

Slide 8
Chinese Smart Cities Platforms (BAT)
Alibaba
CityBrain
Tencent
WeCity

Slide 9

Slide 10
Korean Smart City Projects
Sejong
Busan
Daegu
Siheung

Slide 11
Busan Eco Delta City

Slide 12
• Oliot Open Source Project
GS1 EPCglobal Standards Implementation
• GS1 Source
• Pedigree
• Traceability & Recall
• ONS
• DS
• EPCIS
• F&C
• IoT connectivity Layer, etc.
Oliot Open Source Project (KAIST)
Apache License

Slide 13
6 Continents, 103 countries, 1116 Cities
11651 Organizations/Companies/Individuals since 2017
2019.09.19.
June 25, 2014 (Oliot 1.0)
2016 (Oliot 1.2)
2Q, 2020 expected (Oliot
2.0/EPCIS 2.0, CBV2.0, etc.))

Hong Kong Space Museum:
GLN (Global Location Number)
Yik Cheong Building :
GLN
MTR:
GIAI (Global Individual
Asset Identifier)
Harbourcity:
GLN (Global Location Number)
Hong Kong Disneyland Discount Ticket:
GCN (Global Coupon Number)
Gobee.bike in Hong Kong:
GRAI (Global Returnable Asset Identifier)
Jenny Bakery Cookies:
GTIN (Global Trade Item Number)
Science Museum Postcard Set:
GTIN (Global Trade
Item Number)

Slide 15
Everything GS1 can imagine is real
▪ We can share data and services of the Internet of Things;
the 4th Industrial revolution
Minority Report: Tom Cruise
create, discover, and access
services of everything
(Language and Location free]
Lucy: Scarlett Johannsson
read and write any data
(One language world]
Deja Vu: Denzel Washington
record and replay all the
history of things

Slide 16
Legacy City Platforms Fragmented in Silos
More than 2,000 heterogeneous
platforms in a single Korean city
Source: Verizon. Smart Cities Solutions, 2014.

Manufacturing Data
(Parts, Factory,
Manufacturing date)
Korea, Busan Bus Spain, Santander Bus
Registration/
Inspection Data
(VIN, Plate Number,
Reg. Number, Owner,
Inspection Data)
Sensor Data
(Location, Speed,
RPM)
Accident Record
Data
(Date, Location,
Damages)
Arrival
Estimation
Service
Traceability
Service
Recall
Service
Nearby
School
Service
Advertise-
ment
Service

Seoul
Busan
InIn Korea, 50 number of Bus Line #100, Three bus stops of ID 43030
Local and non-standard Identification System, API, and Data format/contents
1. Data Sharing
(Data Hub)

QR code carries a single service
Through URL
Needs Scalability
2. Service Sharing
(Service Hub)

Slide 20
How GS1 help integrating city platforms
in perspectives of both data and services
City Legacy Platforms
GS1 Standards
Smart City Services
Fragmented data and services
Interoperable and integrated data and services
Insights and new services

Slide 21
GS1 Company Prefix
for Identifying Smart City Resources
880 + Siheung
880 + Ministry of the
Interior and Safety
880 + Daejeon
City Service (GTIN, Charging Service) Sharable Bike (GRAI)
Patients, Nurses (GSRN)
Bus, Metro (GIAI) Bus Stop, Hospital, City Hall, etc.(SGLN)
Vehicles Registration/Inspection(GDTI)

(1) Data Integration
- Identifiers of Buildings,
Parks, Places –
(2) Service Discovery and Access
- Identifiers of Buildings,
Parks, Places –
- -
Digital Twin Infrastructure for
SmartCities
Smart City
An Efficient Management of City
Resources

(2) 공간정보 (BIM+GIS)
Integration of
BIM and 3D GIS

Slide 24
GS1 GLN(Global Location Number)
use cases (schema.org)
Three standard identifiers used in “Place” of Schema.org
1. address (postal address)
2. geo (GPS coordinates)
3. globalLocationNumber (GS1 GLN : ISO/IEC 6523)
Web Data
(Civic Structure)

Slide 25
GS1 GLN(Global Location Number)
use cases (GS1)
Port Terminal/Birth
Rail Stations/Tracks
Factories/Logistics
Healthcare

Slide 26
ISO TC211 WG7 (ISO 19160)
- Korean project to map postal address to GLN !
Source: ISO 19160 - Addressing, Antony Cooper 2010

Slide 27
Korean Official Postal Address Systems
GS1 SGLN Encoding System Development
Road Name Address National Point Numbers
Road Name Address(2014)
- Street Address
National Point Numbers(2013) IoT Address(2018)
IoT Address
https://www.juso.go.kr/openEngPage.do

Slide 28
Road Name (Street) Address
Road Name Address (The City Hall of Daejeon):
대전광역시 서구 둔산로 100 (100, Dunsan-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea)
GS1 SGLN Mapping
Country Ministry/City Class Del. Unique Road Number P Type Del. Detail Address
8 8 0 0 0 2 6 9 9 0 0 0 . 3 1 6 6 0 1 9 . 0 . 1 0 0
GS1 ID (GLN) Extension (Serial Number)
Managed by Ministry or CityCompany Prefix
• Note : 880 002699
Tentatively, we use KAIST
company prefix
• Note : Delimiter (.) may
be changed
Categories Class Class code
Postal Address 0YY 000: Road Name Address
001: National Point Numbers (10mx10m)
002: National Point Numbers (3mx3m)
IoT Address 1YY 100~199: Currently 34 types
Others 2YY, 8YY Constituency codes, etc.

Slide 29
Road Name (Street) Address
Country Ministry/City Class Del. Unique Road Number P Type Del. Detail Address
8 8 0 0 0 2 6 9 9 0 0 0 . 3 1 6 6 0 1 9 . 0 . 1 0 0
번호 형태 종류 형태번호 예시
1 거리 (Street) 0 둔산로 32-14
2
동호수
(Apartment)
1 101동 501호
3 호 (Room) 2 102호
4 층 (Floor) 3 9층
Road Name(Street) Address SGLN code in URI format
대전광역시 서구 둔산로 100 urn:epc:id:sgln:880968822.000.3166019.0.100
대전광역시 서구 둔산로 223 청솔아파트 101동 501호 urn:epc:id:sgln:880968822.000.3166019.1.101-501
대전광역시 서구 대덕대로 107 102호 urn:epc:id:sgln:880968822.000.2010001.2.102
대전광역시 서구 대덕대로 370 3층 urn:epc:id:sgln:880968822.000.2010001.3.3

Slide 30
IoT Address
Country Ministry / City Class Del. Unique Road Number Del. Type Del. Detail Address
8 8 0 G G G G G G 1 Y Y . X X X X X X X . . Z Z Z Z

Slide 31
IoT Address (Bus Stop Identifier)
Country Ministry / City Class Del. Unique Road Number Del. Type Del. Detail Address
8 8 0 0 0 2 6 9 9 1 2 4 . x x x x x x x . 0 . 0 0 - 0
Country Ministry / City Class Del. 5 Digits Bus Stop ID
8 8 0 9 6 8 8 2 2 1 2 4 . x x x x x
Proposal #1) 대전광역시 동구 중앙로 205-1 버스정류장
- urn:epc:id:sgln:880002699.124.2000002.0.205-1
Proposal #2) 대전광역시 동구 중앙로 205-1 버스정류장
- urn:epc:id:sgln:880968822.124.14230
IoT Address Class
(Bus Stop)
• We need both proposals
implemented for both
government and city services,
respectivelyIoT Address Class
(Bus Stop)

Slide 32
More than 50M Address Verified and Served

Slide 33
EPC Information Service (EPCIS)
Smart City Data Hub (Repository)
• EPCIS is GS1 Interface and System for
sharing data generated from every day object
• Data Visibility
• Aggregation of Massive Business Data
• Communication between Business Partners
• Support Party Certification Event
• JSON-LD & Rest Binding
• Support for Sensor Data Capture Event
EPCIS 2.0
CBV 2.0
• Core Business Vocabulary 1.2
-> Comprehensive Business Vocabulary 2.0
• Optimized process for publication of new
vocabulary
• Machine readable vocabulary for automated
parsing into user software

Slide 34
Proof of Concept: Smart City Bus applications
Siheung
Daejeon
Busan
Seoul
Singapore
Stockholm
Nantes
Santander

Slide 35
Smart City Bus applications
Local and non-standard APIs for each city

Slide 36
EPCIS for Smart City Bus applications
GS1
Source
GS1
EPCIS

Slide 37
EU-KR H2020
Wise-IoT Bus Information System
Open Data
Open Services
Started during Wise-IoT Project
• June 2017 ~ May 2018
Bus Information System
• Busan & Santander

Slide 39
Smart City Energy, Environment, Welfare
Environment – Energy – Welfare
Data from Siheung City
Siheung City,
Gyeonggi
Environment
Event
Energy
Event
Welfare
Event
Smart City
Vocabulary
When What Where Why

Slide 40
GS1 Smart City Services Provisioning
GS1 Digital Link GS1 ONS 2.0 (Object Name Service)
GS1 Scanner Applications (Android,
ios)
link.oliot.kr
(GS1 Digital Link + GS1 ONS)
Digital Link encoded in QR, Data
Matrix, etc.
Provide services from single
organization
GS1 codes encoded in QR code, Barcode,
Datamatrix, RFID, Bluetooth Beacon,
WiFi AP, Video, and etc.
Digital Link to ONS hub encoded in QR,
Data Matrix, etc.
Provide services from multiple
organizations
ONS Application ONS Client
ONS Peer Roots
Federated ONS Infrastructure
(2)
(4)
(6) (7)GS1 ID keys
AUS FQDN
FQDN Query
NAPTR Records
(3)
GS1 ID key AUS
(1)
Local caching
nameserver
(5)
AUS
(4)
Service list
Service Server
(9)
(8)
Server for
Service Type
http://link.oliot.kr/414/880002
6920137?linkType=ons

Slide 41
GS1 ONS & Digital Link Connectors
• Service Registration, Discovery, and Access through Connectors.
‐ Auto-ID Labs, KAIST provides Bluetooth Beacon, WiFi AP, Image, RFID, Video, and etc.
ONS Application ONS Client(2)
AUS FQDN
(3)
GS1 ID key AUS
(1)
(5)
(4)
Service list
(8)
Serve
Service
ONS Application(2)
GS1 ID keys FQD
(3)
GS1 ID key AUS
(1)
A
Serv
(9)
GS1beacon data
(GTIN:28800001000137)
0x1A3185D442C90x02 0x01 0x1a
AD
Len
AD
Type
LE General
Discoverable
0x14
AD Flags
(3 bytes)
0xFF 0xabcd 0x0001
AD
Len
Application
Identifier (GTIN)
Manufacturer specific data
(20 bytes)
0x1A3185D442C70x1F43
GS1Beacon structure 1
(8 bytes)
GS1Beacon structure 2
(8 bytes)
00...000x02 0x0A
AD
Len
0x00
AD Tx power
(3 bytes)
AD
Type
AD
Type
Tx power
0 dB
GS1 company
prefix (temperal)
Application
Identifier (GTIN)
Remains
(5 bytes)
GS1beacon data
(GTIN:28800001000135)
Smart City Resources
Energy Water Transportation Public Welfare Education Environment
Service Points
Barcodes Digital Link Data matrix BLE Beacon WiFi AP
Mapping with GS1 ID (GTIN, GLN, GRAI, GIAI, GSRN)
ONS Client
Smart City PlatformsONS Server
ONS Peer
Roots
Local ONS
Camera Bluetooth
RFID
RFID/NFC WiFi
ONS
App.
GS1 ID
Extract
AUS
Conversion
Country
Language
ONS
Client
ONS
Qeury
FQDN
Conversion
ONSCloud
ONS Query
NAPTR
Records
Service View
ONS QueryNAPTR Records
Service Access
URLServiceServiceService Information
Service Detail
Service Page
Service Manager
Record
Manager
Service Type
Manager
Access
Control
BusInfo.SystemSupplyChainSmartCampus
...
...
RegisterService
DataCenterDataCenterDataCenter
DataAnalysisDataAnalysisDataAnalysis
DataCollection
Food
Service
Traceabi
lity
Station
Service
Line
Service
Shuttle
Service
Library
Service
ServiceType ID
ServiceType ID
ServiceType
XML
ServiceType ID
Domain
Domain
Domain
NAPTR Record
NAPTR Record
NAPTR Record
Mapping
Video

Slide 42
You Can Download
GS1 Scanner App.
via Scanning
This QR Code.

Slide 43
ONS for
New record
ONS + link.oliot.kr for
Daejeon Smart City.

Slide 44

Slide 45

Slide 47
Global Dialogue
Global Food Traceability Center, IFT (Institute of Food Technologies)

Slide 48
Global Dialogue Trackathon
https://traceability-dialogue.org/gdst-news-2/gdst-seafood-traceability-hackathon-2/?fbclid=IwAR3hE9UOjX1PRictBwY-LtsNk8W-Pdp-
lrvWZKy5id75aouk9rBXtjt3IoE

http://www.urbantechnologyalliance.org/

GS1 Standards in Building Smart Cities

GS1 Standards in Building Smart Cities

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