1. CMMI: A OverviewA Capability Maturity play field in software industry
Author- Gaurav Ahluwalia

2. Contents
•
Contents
•
Just Being Curious
•
Flavors of Capability Maturity Model
•
CMMI Models/Representations
•
Doing a correct choice- Talking historically
•
Key Process Areas Overview
•
LifeCycle Relationships

3. Just Being Curious
What is Capability Maturity-- A group’s capability to perform in their
Discipline/Area of productivity with other key competitors or best practices
in that Area.
Capability Maturity Model: A Model which can quantify capability
maturity.
A reference model of mature practices in a specified discipline, used to
assess a group’s capability to perform that discipline
CMMs differ by
–Discipline (Software, Systems, Acquisition, etc.)
–Structure (Staged Versus Continuous)
–How Maturity is Defined (Process Improvement Path)
–How Capability is Defined (Institutionalization)
“Capability Maturity Model®” and CMM® are used by the Software
Engineering Institute (SEI) to denote a particular class of maturity models.

4. So what is CMM
CMM stands for Capability Maturity Model.
•
The CMM helps to solve the maturity problem by defining a set of practices and providing a
general framework for improving them. CMM focus is on identifying key process areas and
the exemplary practices that may comprise a disciplined software process.
•
Focuses on elements of essential practices and processes from various bodies of
knowledge.
§
Describes common sense, efficient, proven ways of doing business (which you should
already be doing) - not a radical new approach.
§
CMM is a method to evaluate and measure the maturity of the software development
process of an organization.
§
CMM measures the maturity of the software development process on a scale of 1 to 5.
§
CMM v1.0 was developed by the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) at Carnegie Mellon
University in Pittsburgh, USA.

5. •
CMM was originally developed for Software Development and Maintenance but later it
was developed for :
§
Systems Engineering
§
Supplier Sourcing
§
Integrated Product and Process Development
§
People CMM
§
Software Acquisition
CMM Examples:
§
People CMM: Develop, motivate and retain project talent.
§
Software CMM: Enhance a software focused development and maintenance
capability.
So what is CMM contd..

6. Flavors of Capability Maturity Model

7. Doing a correct choice ..
• Historically: Depends on the discipline that you want to model.
–Software Engineering
–Systems Engineering
–Software Acquisition
–Systems Security
–etc.

8. Doing a correct choice contd..
Different structures,
formats, terms, ways
of measuring
maturity
•Causes confusion,
especially when
using
more than one
model
•Hard to integrate
them in a combined
improvement
program
•Hard to use
multiple
models in supplier
selection

9. Bridging the Divide
•
Systems and software disciplines have
traditionally not been well integrated.
•
The importance of software in systems has
increased dramatically
– Example: % of requirements allocated to
software: *
» B-2 -- 65%
» F-22 -- 80%
•
The DoD has emphasized the need to make
the systems/software interface more
seamless

10. CMMI the Concrete Bridge
•
Integrates systems and software disciplines into one process
improvement framework.
•
Provides a framework for introducing new disciplines as needs
arise.

11. Taking about the history of CMMI
•
DoD sponsored collaboration between industry, Government, academia.
• Over 100 people involved.
•
Listed below are some of early think tanks which were involved in the R&D for CMMI
models.

12. Taking about the history of CMMI contd..
Air Force involved in development of CMMI from beginning. Steering Group Co-chair:
Phil Babel, Ajmel Dulai, Mike Nicol (ASC) Product Development Team (PDT) members
(4-6 PE 25% time CRSIP/STSC).
– John Kordik AFMC/ASC - (Engineering PAs, IPPD, Editor)
– Lt. Col Joe Jarzombek CRSIP (Test & Evaluation Team)
– Dan Bennett STSC (Assessment Method Integrated Team)
– Rushby Craig STSC (Test & Evaluation Team)
– Bruce Allgood CRSIP (Training Team, Implementation Strategy)
– Kevin Richins STSC (Editor Team)

13. CMMI Models/Representations
Combined System Engineering / Software Engineering model
• Can be applied to:
– Just the software engineering projects in an organization
– Just the system engineering project in an organization
– Both
– IPPD can be used in either/both

14. Comparing Staged and Continuous Model
In CMMI models with a staged representation,
there are five maturity levels designated by
the numbers 1 through 5.
1. Initial
2. Managed
3. Defined
4. Quantitatively Managed
5. Optimizing

15. Staged Vs Continuous Model for CMMI
Continuous Staged
Provides maximum flexibility for focusing
on specific process areas according to
business goals and objectives
Provides a roadmap for implementing:
–Groups of Process Areas
–Sequencing of Implementation
Familiar structure for those transitioning
from the systems engineering community.
Familiar structure for those transitioning
from the SW-CMM.
Improvement is measured using capability
levels. Capability levels:
• Measure maturity of a particular
process across an organization.
• Range from 0 through 5.
Improvement is measured using maturity
levels. Maturity levels
• Measure maturity of a set of processes
across an organization
• Range from 1 through 5.
There are two types of specific practices:
base and advanced. All specific practices
appear in the continuous representation.
There is only one type of specific practice.
The concepts of base and advanced
practices are not used. All specific
practices appear in the staged
representation except when a related
base-advanced pair of practices appears in
the continuous representation, in which
case only the advanced practice appears in
the staged representation..

16. Staged Vs Continuous Model for CMMI contd..
Continuous Staged
Capability levels are used to organize the
generic practices.
Common features are used to organize
generic practices.
All generic practices are included in each
process area.
Only the level 2 and level 3 generic
practices are included.
Equivalent staging allows determination of
a maturity level from an organization's
achievement profile.
There is no need for an equivalence
mechanism back to the continuous
representation because each organization
can choose what to improve and how
much to improve it using the staged
representation.

17. Why do only two Representations Staged and Continuous
model only
•
Source Model Heritage
–Software CMM--Staged
–SECM--Continuous
–IPD CMM—Hybrid
•
A compromise was made to initially support two
representations of the model with equivalent content.
•
And there are always two representation for every form Analog
and Digital.

18. Which Representation is better?
Because each representation has advantages over the other, some organizations
use both representations to address particular needs at various times in their
improvement programs.
Organizational maturity is the focus of the staged representation, whereas
process area capability is the focus of the continuous representation.
Organizational maturity and process area capability are similar concepts. The
difference between them is that organizational maturity pertains to a set of
process areas across an organization, while process area capability deals with a
set of processes relating to a single process area or specific practice.
Previous slide is the pictorial diagram depicting both the presentations, In this
diagram ML indicates Maturity Level and PA Indicates Process Area.
Which one is the Arabian horse and when?

19. Difference between Model and Model Integration
Difference between CMM and CMMI:
•
CMM is a reference model of matured practices in a specified discipline like Systems
Engineering CMM, Software CMM, People CMM, Software Acquisition CMM etc. But
they were difficult to integrate as and when needed.
•
CMMI is the successor of the CMM and evolved as a more matured set of guidelines
and was built combining the best components of individual disciplines of CMM
(Software CMM, People CMM etc.). It can be applied to product manufacturing,
People management, Software development etc.
•
CMM describes about the software engineering alone whereas CMM Integrated
describes both software and system engineering. CMMI also incorporates the
Integrated Process and Product Development and the supplier sourcing.

20. Value to Business which CMMI gives.
Following are obvious objectives of CMMI:
•
Produce quality products or services: The process-improvement concept in CMMI
models evolved out of the Deming, Juran, and Crosby quality paradigm: Quality products
are a result of quality processes. CMMI has a strong focus on quality-related activities
including requirements management, quality assurance, verification, and validation.
•
Create value for the stockholders: Mature organizations are more likely to make better
cost and revenue estimates than those with less maturity, and then perform in line with
those estimates. CMMI supports quality products, predictable schedules, and effective
measurement to support management in making accurate and defensible forecasts. This
process maturity can guard against project performance problems that could weaken the
value of the organization in the eyes of investors.

21. •
Enhance customer satisfaction: Meeting cost and schedule targets with high-quality
products that are validated against customer needs is a good formula for customer
satisfaction.
•
Increase market share: Market share is a result of many factors, including quality
products and services, name identification, pricing, and image.
•
Gain an industry-wide recognition for excellence: The best way to develop a
reputation for excellence is to consistently perform well on projects, delivering quality
products and services within cost and schedule parameters.
CMMI and Business Objectives Contd..

22. CMMI currently addresses three areas of interest:
•
Product and service development — CMMI for Development (CMMI-DEV),
•
Organizations must be able to manage and control this complex
development and maintenance process.
•
CMMI® for Development (CMMI-DEV) provides an opportunity to avoid
or eliminate these stovepipes and barriers.
•
CMMI for Development consists of best practices that address
development activities applied to products and services.

23. CMMI currently addresses three areas of interest
contd..
Service establishment, management, — CMMI for Services (CMMI-SVC),
The CMMI-SVC model provides guidance for applying CMMI best practices in a
service provider organization. Best practices in the model focus on activities for
providing quality services to customers and end users. CMMI-SVC integrates
bodies of knowledge that are essential for a service provider.
Product and service acquisition — CMMI for Acquisition (CMMI-ACQ)..
The CMMI-ACQ model provides guidance for applying CMMI best practices in an
acquiring organization. Best practices in the model focus on activities for
initiating and managing the acquisition of products and services to meet the
needs of customers and end users. Although suppliers can provide artifacts
useful to the processes addressed in CMMI-ACQ, the focus of the model is on
the processes of the acquirer.

24. Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI)
Core Process Areas
Abbreviation Name Area Maturity Level
CAR Causal Analysis and
Resolution
Support 5
OPM Organizational
Performance
Management
Process Management 5
OPP Organizational
Process Performance
Process Management 4
QPM Quantitative Project
Management
Project Management 4
DAR Decision Analysis and
Resolution
Support 3
IPM Integrated Project
Management
Project Management 3
OPD Organizational
Process Definition
Process Management 3

25. Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI)
Core Process Areas contd..
Abbreviation Name Area Maturity Level
OPF Organizational
Process Focus
Process Management 3
OT Organizational
Training
Process Management 3
RSKM Risk Management Project Management 3
CM Configuration
Management
Support 2
MA Measurement and
Analysis
Support 2
PMC Project Monitoring
and Control
Project Management 2

26. Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI)
Core Process Areas contd..
Abbreviation Name Area Maturity Level
PP Project Planning Project Management 2
PPQA Process and Product
Quality Assurance
Support 2
REQM Requirements
Management
Project Management 2
SAM Supplier Agreement
Management
Support 2

27. Life Cycle Relationships for CMMI KPAs

28. Thank You