Seedless nonvascular plants like mosses and liverworts lack vascular tissues and reproduce via spores. They were the first plants to colonize new environments and helped form soil. Seedless vascular plants such as ferns and horsetails have vascular tissues and can grow taller. Ancient seedless plant fossils provide evidence these plants formed coal deposits, which are now mined and burned to generate electricity.

1. 6 th Grade Science Chapter 11 Plants Notes Section 11.2 San Rafael Falls, Ecuador

4. Hall of Mosses, Olympic National Park, Washington

5. Liverworts

6. Hornworts

8. Moss Garden, Brevard, NC

9. Moss Chair

10. Dried Moss in Table Art

11. Moss Enclosure - Honesdale, PA

13. Hanging Ferns

14. Australian Tree Fern

15. Club Mosses

16. Horsetail Plant

18. Gardens of Heligan, England

19. Wall decorations of ferns and plants

20. Terramac Moss Carpet, Japan

21. Patrick Blanc has recently completed his project on the outside of the Athenaeum hotel in London. The facade of the 8 story building is composed of 12,000 plants instead of the harsh aesthetic created by regular concrete or brick. I can see how maintenance of such a project would be worrisome for some, but Blanc has it covered with a special “plastic-coated aluminum frame fastened to the wall and covered with synthetic felt into which plant roots can burrow [as well as] a custom irrigation system keeps the felt moist with a fertilizer solution modeled after the rainwater that trickles through forest canopies.”

22. Ireland - Cut peat stacked for drying at a peat bog.

24. Coal Mining Machinery - Finland

25. Coal Mining