ALIUS Workshop 2018: "Methodological Issues in Consciousness Research"
https://www.aliusresearch.org/workshop-2018.html
Part 1: From Gardener to Botanist medicine, and back ===> Video: https://youtu.be/yQV1j7NRjOI?t=925
Jean-Arthur MICOULAUD FRANCHI, MD, PhD
Part 2: From Sublunar to Supralunar medicine, and back
Guillaume DUMAS, PhD ===> https://youtu.be/yQV1j7NRjOI?t=2495
Abstract: This presentation will address the role of integrative neuroscience in modern psychiatry from nosographic and semiological perspectives. It attempts to compare the need for multidimensional approach with a multi-scale understanding of the mechanisms involved in the emergence of mental disorders. The first part discusses the place of neuroscience in the classification of mental disorders, notably in the delimitation of the normal and the pathological, then the definition of the various psychiatric disorders. The second part focuses on the place of neuroscience in the semiology of mental disorders, more particularly on latent variable and multi-scale approaches.
Psychiatry: A Crash test for integrative neuroscience (Part2)
1. Psychiatry: A crash test for integrative neuroscience
Part 2: from sub-lunar to supra-lunar medicines and back
Alius Workshop — Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris — 26 Octobre 2018
Guillaume Dumas, Ph.D – @introspection
Laboratoire de Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives, Institut Pasteur
2. Bridging the gap between sub-lunar & supra-lunar medicines
2 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018
« Milieu extérieur »
Organism
Risk factors
Syndrom
« sublunare » world / « professional » medicine
Cause
Disease
Delimiting
criteria
Pathology
« supralunar » world / « scientific » medicine
« Milieu intérieur »
3. Adapted from Micoulaud-Franchi et al. 2018
Subjective
experience
(semiology)
Brain activity
(physiology)
Disease?
(nosology)
Additional creteria
(epidemiology, sociology, …)
Cause
(etiology)
3 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018
4. Adapted from Micoulaud-Franchi et al. 2018
Subjective
experience
(semiology)
Brain activity
(physiology)
Disease?
(nosology)
Additional creteria
(epidemiology, sociology, …)
Cause
(etiology)
4 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018
5. Adapted from Micoulaud-Franchi et al. 2018
Subjective
experience
(semiology)
Brain activity
(physiology)
Disease?
(nosology)
Additional creteria
(epidemiology, sociology, …)
Cause
(etiology)
Individuals / Patients Researchers
MDs
Policy makersAssociations
5 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018
6. 3 crash tests
Socioconstructivist
How to address the limit~continuity between
the normal and the pathological?
Transnosographic
Can a neurobiological mechanism be approached in a
similar way in two different psychiatric disorders?
Pleïotropy ~ Degeneracy
Can a neurobiological mechanism be addressed
independently of the alteration of other mechanisms?
6 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018
Bridging the gap between sub-lunar & supra-lunar medicines
7. Cambridge Model for Symptom-Formation
7 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018
8. Mental Symptoms as ‘Hybrid’ objects
8 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018
Berlioz et al. 2013
10. Systems Biology beyond the individual
10 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018
Institute for Systems Biology
11. Systems Biology beyond the individual
11 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018
Institute for Systems Biology
12. Social Interaction: the « Dark Side » of Psychiatry ?
12 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018
« Sainte Anne » Fauve (2016)
“Because unintentionally,
the others are a constant struggle.
Definitely doctor,
we are living in a best of times.”
“Parce que sans le vouloir, les autres sont un combat permanent
Décidément docteur, on vit une chouette époque …”
13. Social interaction: the « Dark Matter » of Neuroscience ?
13 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018
Pfeiffer et al., Front Hum Neurosci 2013
N individuals
16. Social Perception ≠ Social Interaction
16 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018
Guionnet et al. 2011; Dumas et al. 2012; Nadel & Dumas, J Cog Edu & Psych 2010
17. Socio-affective coupling and pain reduction
17 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018
Goldstein, Weissman-Fogel, Dumas, Shamay-Tsoory, PNAS (2018)
Pain reduction
Inter-brain
synchronization
modulation
18. The transnosographic approach
18 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018
« Systems are not in nature,
but in the mind of men. »
Claude Bernard (1865, p. 297)
Crespi et al. 2010
19. The transnosographic approach
19 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018
« All the models are false,
Few are useful."
George Box
Crespi et al. 2010
20. The idosyncratic brain
20 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018
Hahamy et al., Nature Neuroscience 2015
Dumas et al., PLoS ONE 2012
21. Inter-brain misattunement > Intra-brain structure
21 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018
Dumas, Zillekens et al., (in preps)
Imme
ZILLEKENS
Leonard
SCHILBACH
Juha
LAHNAKOSKI
22. Beyond the « Case vs Controls » dichotomy
22 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018
Marquand et al. 2016
23. Normative model: probing the discrete~continuous
23 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018
Longitudinal European Autism Project
Nonparametric Normative Model based on LOESS
Age (days)
Z-scoreWorkingMemory
CTR ASD ID ASD-ID
Jumana
Ahmad
Eva
Loth
24. Normative model: going even more non-parametric
24 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018
Longitudinal European Autism Project
Nonparametric Normative Model based on Centiles
Age (days)
CentilesWorkingMemory
CTR ASD
Jumana
Ahmad
Eva
Loth
25. Normative model: the two faces of variance
25 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018
Aline
LEFEBVRE
Richard
DELORME
Dumas et al., PLoS ONE 2012
26. Network Based Stratification
26 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018
Large Cohort
Highly Heterogeneous
Genetic Profiles
Hofree et al. 2013; Kim, Poline, Dumas 2018
Yang-Min
KIM
27. Network Based Stratification
27 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018
Large Cohort
Highly Heterogeneous
Genetic Profiles
Individuals
Hofree et al. 2013; Kim, Poline, Dumas 2018
Yang-Min
KIM
28. Network Based Stratification
28 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018
Large Cohort
Highly Heterogeneous
Genetic Profiles
Individuals Clusters
Homogeneous
Genetic Profiles
Hofree et al. 2013; Kim, Poline, Dumas 2018
Yang-Min
KIM
29. Network Based Stratification: for botanists
29 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018
Bourgeron, Nat Neuro Rev 2015
30. Network Based Stratification: for gardeners
30 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018
CBT Response
DrugResponse
31. Network Based Stratification
31 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018
Kim, Poline, Dumas GigaScience 2018
github.com/GHFC/stratipy
32. Network theory of mental disorders
32 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018
Borsboom (2017)
33. Social perspective on Symptoms Networks
33 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018
Dumas, Micoulaud, et al. (in prep.)
X
X
X
X
X
34. Social perspective on Symptoms Networks
34 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018
Dumas, Micoulaud, et al. (in prep.)
Diagnostic Self-Report
35. Social perspective on Symptoms Networks
35 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018
Dumas, Micoulaud, et al. (in prep.)
Diagnostic Self-Report
36. Social perspective on Symptoms Networks
36 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018
Dumas, Micoulaud, et al. (in prep.)
Diagnostic Self-Report
How often do you have
problem remembering
appointments or obligations?
How often do you have difficulty
keeping your attention when you are
doing boring or repetitive work?
How often do you
have trouble wrapping
up the final details of a
project, once the
challenging parts have
been done?
Representation bias
38. 3 crash tests
Socioconstructivist
Taking social level seriously
Transnosographic
Go beyond case vs control
Pleïotropy ~ Degeneracy
Networks: from systems biology to symptoms
Multiscale/Interdisciplinary approach (theory, experiment, model)
including social interactions and cultural systems.
38 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018
Bridging the gap between sub-lunar & supra-lunar medicines
39. Old Paris Team
Jacqueline Nadel
Jacques Martinerie
Robert Soussignan
Mario Chavez
Boca Raton Team
Current Paris Team
Collaborators
J.-A. Micoulaud-Franchi
Leonhard Schilbach
Imme Zillekens
Juha Lahnakoski
Danilo Bzdok
Elvis Dohmatob
Denis Engemann
Thomas Bourgeron
Richard Delorme
Jean-Pierre Changeux
Yang-Min Kim
Aline Lefebvre
Roberto Toro
Thomas Rolland
Freddy Cliquet
Alexandre Mathieu
Hany Goubran-Botros
Quentin Moreau
Annika Lübbert
J.A. Scott Kelso
Emmanuelle Tognoli
Gonzalo DeGuzman
Armin Fuchs
Mengsen Zhang
39 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018
Eva Loth
Jumana Ahmad
Pavel Goldstein
Merle Fairhurst
Viviane Kostrubiec
Alexandre Lehmann
Asaf Bachrach
Julien Laroche
Interdisciplinarity
Open Science
Art~Science
Alius Team
David Dupuis,
Matthieu Koroma
Raphaël Millière
Martin Fortier
Baptiste Gilles
… and all the
associated
researchers!
40. All the 14 DVDs of ARTEMOC 2009 event are online!
40 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018
https://vimeo.com/album/5506621