1. Tertiary sector

2. Tertiarization of Spain’s
economy
It has been evident since the 60s:
It occupies a lot of active population
It has bigger part in the GDP
Reasons:
Industrialization process
Improvement of population living conditions

3. Tertiarization of Spain’s
economy
There is regional disequilibrium, being
the most important:
Touristy areas
Regions of early industrialization

4. Tertiarization of Spain’s
economy
The main activities of the service sector
are:
Commerce
Tourism
Public administration
Transports
Communications
Production services

5. Tertiarization of Spain’s
economy
Factor of commercial services are:
Population
Consumption levels
Accessibility of products
Factors conditioning transports and
tourism:
Natural environment
Socioeconomic reasons

6. Tertiarization of Spain’s
economy
Spain’s administration and autonomous
administration organise service sector:
Administration articulates public services
They organise the territory with public
works
Public and private services have an
influence in spatial organization.

7. Transports
Regions are specialised in some
production and products are
exchanged.
A majority of the products are transport
by motorway
Sea transport is not very important
Train has radial configuration

8. Transports
Motorway net and location of ports and
airports depend on the following factors:
Natural environment
Socioeconomic factors
Historical process

9. Motorway net
The development of the transport net is
irregular.
It depends on:
Population density
Development of industry and tertiary sector
They have improved in the second half
of the 20th century.

10. Motorway net
Motorway transport has increased and
train and sea have been reduced.
Advantages of motorway:
Speed
Door to door
Train is only used with weighty
products.

11. Motorway net
The creation of autonomous
communities led to share competences.
Organised in an hierarchic mode:
Main net of the state: radial
Autonomous region's government has as
an objective the easiness of
communications among areas

12. Spain’s Motorway net

13. Motorway net
Many routs of great capacity have been
built
After the political transition and once the
economic crisis was overtaken the
Motorway Plan 1984-91 was made
Two-way roads were built.

14. Motorway net
The advantages of two-way routes are:
There are cheaper than motorways
Their impact in environment is smaller
because they use older routes
They were useful to speed traffic.

15. Motorway net
Two-ways routes have been made
in areas of high density of traffic.
There are other transversal axes:
Mediterranean
Ebro’s
Andalusian
Some regions are not well linked, such
as Galisia and Asturias.

16. Motorway net
1993-2007 Infrastructure’s Plan is
centred in the following points:
Improve links North-South
Build new two-way routes (East-West)
Build some radial two-ways routes
Build new two-ways routes
The aim is to reduce radial distribution.

17. Motorway net
They want to link the Spanish net with
the European of the EU
Until now the borders were France and
Portugal
They want to open new and to create
high potential routes.

18. Railway net
Their density is smaller than that of the
routes
It is smaller than the net of other
European region
The main trains concentrate
around big cities
Wide areas are out of these routes.

19. Spain’s Railway net

20. Railway net
There are three radial axes:
Madrid-Venta de Baños (with the North)
Madrid-Zaragoza (with the North)
Madrid-Alcazar de San Juan (Levante and
Andalusia)
Other axes:
Ebro’s: From the Basque Country to
Catalonia
Mediterranean: Murcia-France

21. Railway net
Small width trains for short
distances: Viscay Gulf, Catalonia,
Valencia, Madrid, Mallorca
High speed train: it is being built at the
moment
The problem to link with Europe is the
different width of the railways.

22. Sea transport
It is used for import and export of products
There are few big ports
The most important are in the Viscay Gulf and
the Atlantic
Kind of products:
General
Non embottled liquids
Free solids

23. Sea transport
Regions of bigger traffic of products:
Mediterranean: Barcelona, Valencia, Almeria
Viscay Gulf: Bilbao, Coruña, Gijon, Aviles
Passengers’ transport:
Algeciras and Ceuta (emigrants)
Mallorca (turism)
Barcelona, Valencia (cruises)
Fluvial navigation is not important.

24. Air transport
Reasons for the fast development:
Turism and business trips
Width of the territory
Islands
Located in the periphery of the continent
Iberia does not have the monopoly and
this means of transport is developing.

25. Communications
The traditionals were: post, telegraph
and telephone
New: wire and wire-free
Telephone and new
telecommunications
End of monopolies

26. Commerce
It is based on products and capital
exchange
The factors of the commercial revolution
are:
Exogenous: transports, production and
consumption
Endogenous: technology and advances in
distributions nets

27. Commerce
Traditional commerce is in crisis
Types of commerce:
Interior: inside a country’s borders
Exterior: with other countries. As a result of
that there is a balance of payments.

28. Commerce
Consumption has changed due to the
following reasons:
Increase of rents
Change in the patterns of familial
expending
Women having
remunerated jobs.

29. Commerce
Highest consumption: Madrid, Navarre,
Balears, Basque Country and Cantabria
Lowest consumption: Extremadura,
Castela-Mancha, Andalusia and Canary
islands

30. Commerce
Technology has eased advances
Crisis in retail trade, although the
number of establishments being high
Companies concentration level is low
New commerce: supermarkets,
hypermarkets, big stores, fairs, trade
fairs, mail-order shopping,
telemarketing.

31. Commerce
Types of interior commerce:
Big surfaces: they have parking spaces and they
are normally out of the cities
Commercial areas: they offer spare time activities
Traditional markets
Itinerant selling
Town markets: they are hold
in certain days or dates

32. Commerce
The relations of exterior commerce are
included in the balance of payments:
Balance of normal operations:
• Commercial balance
• Services balance (turism)
• Transfers balance (money sent by emigrants)
Balance of capital operations.

33. Commerce
The majority of the Spanish commerce is with
the EU
The balance is loss-making
Imports consist of: iron, optical material,
drinks and combustibles, fish, ship, paper,
precision material, natural gas
Exports are formed by:
agricultural products,
minerals and metals.

34. Tourism
It is the temporary movement of population for a
period of vacancy
It is an activity of high economic value
It supposes the 30 per cent of the balance of
payments
It took off in the 1950s
Reasons:
Sunny climate and beaches
Beautiful landscapes
Art and cultural heritage
Competitive (cheap) prices.

35. Tourism
In 1960 private companies started building
hotels
The State improved communication
infrastructures
Due to the lack of territorial
organization:
Damages to environment
Great impact in landscapes
Loss of a lot of resources

36. Tourism
Causes that have influence on the
number of tourists are:
Value of the currency
Economic situation in the origin countries
of foreign tourists
Competence made by other countries
Political problems
Policy of tour operators

37. Tourism : Model
The control is conducted by trans-
national companies:
They demand high quality of services
Prices decrease
They have the capacity to divert costumers
to other countries

38. Tourism
Tourist are normal of medium or
medium-low level
The kind of establishment demanded
are medium class hotels and
apartments
The majority of the tourist come from
the EU.

39. Tourism
Those countries count with a estable
touristy market and high buying
potential
During the last year they are increasing
tourist of:
USA
Japan

40. Tourism : Regional characteristics
Climate conditions it
In touristy offer the following elements are
influential:
Climate: summer atmosphere
Accessibility: Periphery of Europe and scarce
communications links:
• Catalonia is close to Europe
• Air transport in the islands
Social image: regions specialised in high classes
(San Sebastian, Malaga)
Rural tourism.

42. Tourism : Zones and regions
Touristy areas accueil a great density of visitors
Touristy points are cities or important areas
Touristy regions:
In Catalonia Costa Brava, Costa Dorada
In Valencia: Costa Blanca
In Murcia: Manga del Mar Menor
In Andalusia: Costa del Sol
In the Islands: Kanariak eta Baleareak
Biscay’s gulf
Madrid

43. Tourism : Zones

44. Tourism
Winter tourism is adquiring importance:
In the Pyrenees
In Central System
In the Iberian Mountain Range
Tourism of high buying power:
Beginning of the 20th century in San Sebastian
and Santander
Nowadays Marbella, Ibiza, Puerto Banús
Characteristics:
• Sportive ports
• Luxurious suburbs

45. Tourism : Spain’s population
It developed in the 60s when the
population’s living conditions improved
Secondary residences in the
North of Madrid
In Catalonia in the Pyrenees
In cities with more than 100.000
inhabitants there are spare time areas.

46. Tourism
Spanish people travel more during their
holidays
A majority uses their own car
It is an activity of great future.

47. Other services
Areas:
State administration
Health
Education
Bank system