1. Geography – Year 11 ___ Date : ________________
Main topic: Industry, Energy and Tourism
Sub-topic: Methods used to control the impact of Tourism.
(1) Introduction
(1.1) For decades tourism industry growth has been a major contributor to increased
economic activity throughout the U.S and the world.
(1.2) It is the dominant economic activity in some communities.
(1.3) Yet, the impacts of tourism to community are not widely understood.
(2) The impacts of tourism can be categorized into:
1. Economic
2. Environmental
3. Social and Cultural
The impacts of tourism can be both positive and negative.
(3) Despite, the importance of tourism from its positive impact is always on the economic aspect.
(3.1) On the other hand, there is also greater concerns on the negative impact of tourisms.
(3.2) Negative impacts can be reduced or avoided by effective use and implementation of,
for example the tool of Environmental Assessment.
(3.3) Several effective ways or measures in order to reduce the impact of tourism are :
1. Diversification of product range.
2. Reduce the tourist numbers in some areas.
3. Eco-tourism.
4. Green tourism.
5. Implementation of strict law.
6. The need for management and stewardship.
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2. Geography – Year 11 ___ Date : ________________
(4) Diversification of product range.
4.1) It is important to diversify their countries product range by opening up new adventures.
4.2) Examples of new adventures are rafting, sailing and canoeing.
4.3) This is to achieve a better distribution of tourist activities throughout the country.
4.4) In addition, to reduce some of the environmental issues created at tourism hotspots.
5) Reduce the tourist numbers in some areas.
5.1) To reduce tourist numbers in some areas by putting limitations to the number of
tourists allowed to visit a specific area per year.
5.2) Moreover, the government should also double the entry fees.
5.3) This can maintain the income from these area.
5.4) Despite that, the limitation in the number of visitors per year also means to reduce the
environmental impacts on the natural eco-system.
6) Eco-tourism.
6.1) Putting an increased focus on eco-tourism so that they can help to preserve the wildlife
and the environment.
6.2) This also hoped in reducing social conflict between authorities and other groups such as
tribal people and farmers.
6.3) Example : Eco-tourism in Kenya and Sabah.
Case study : Eco-tourism in Kenya
Kenya is an African country that has been affected by tourism in both positive and
negative way.
One of the most important positive factors is the effect on the countries economy.
It generate incomes to all Kenyans. This income inspired the government to put additional
effort into preserving its wildlife.
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3. Geography – Year 11 ___ Date : ________________
The negative effects are that the economic influence of tourism can be unstable.
The environment and wildlife can be damaged through tourism.
Tourism can create social conflict between different groups of people.
Thus, the Kenyan government has created strategies for the future that they hope will
reduce the negative impacts of tourism on their country.
7) Green tourism.
7.1) Green tourism is a term widely used to convey what we mean by responsible, ethical or
sustainable tourism.
7.2) It is not only places an emphasis upon protecting the environment, but also involves the
local people in making decisions that affect their land and living.
7.3) It can improve the preservation and transmission of cultural and historical traditions.
7.4) It can bring chance to protect local heritage or to revitalize native cultures, for instance
by regenerating traditional arts and crafts.
7.5) Apart from that, the visitors can enjoy unspoiled nature and landscapes, environmental
quality of goods or services.
7.6) However, green tourism is different from eco-tourism, whereas, eco-tourism is part of
green-tourism.
8) Implementation of strict law.
8.1) The marine environments and its natural resources should be managed more efficiently
in order to minimize the environmental effects on coral reefs, mangroves and all other threatened
habitats.
9) The need for management and stewardship.
9.1) The pressures from the growth of tourist numbers have increased the need for
management everywhere.
9.2) In most cases effective management only begins after tourism has begun and some
damage has already occurred.
9.3) For example : Tourism in Antarctica
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4. Geography – Year 11 ___ Date : ________________
Case study : Tourism in Antarctica.
 It offers tourists magnificent scenery, icebergs and nesting penguins by the millions.
 In the summer of 1995 tourist numbers passed 10 000 for the first time.
 Thus, the cruise operators comply with the guidelines from the International Association of
Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO).
 Rules and Guideline to be followed are as the following;
Visitors must not:
 Disturb wildlife in any way.
 Go within 5metres of penguins.
 Walk on the lichens.
 Leave litter or waste.
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