Luke 16 commentary

LUKE 16 COMMENTARY
EDITED BY GLENN PEASE
The Parable of the Shrewd Manager
1 Jesus told his disciples: “There was a rich man
whose manager was accused of wasting his
possessions.
BARNES, "His disciples - The word “disciples,” here, is not to be restricted to
the twelve apostles or to the seventy. The parable appears to have been addressed to
all the professed followers of the Saviour who were present when it was delivered. It
is connected with that in the preceding chapter. Jesus had there been discoursing
with the scribes and Pharisees, and vindicating his conduct in receiving kindly
publicans and sinners. These “publicans and sinners” are here particularly referred to
by the word “disciples.” It was with reference to “them” that the whole discourse had
arisen. After Jesus had shown the Pharisees, in the preceding chapter, the propriety
of his conduct, it was natural that he should turn and address his disciples. Among
them there might have been some who were wealthy. The “publicans” were engaged
in receiving taxes, in collecting money, and their chief danger arose from that
quarter - from covetousness or dishonesty.
Jesus always adapted his instructions to the circumstances of his hearers, and it
was proper, therefore, that he should give “these disciples” instructions about their
“special” duties and dangers. He related this parable, therefore, to show them “the
danger of the love of money;” the guilt it would lead to Luk_16:1; the perplexities and
shifts to which it would drive a man when once he had been dishonest Luk_16:3-7;
the necessity of using money aright, since it was their chief business Luk_16:9; and
the fact that if they would serve God aright they must give up supreme attachment to
money Luk_16:13; and that the first duty of religion demanded that they should
resolve to serve God, and be honest in the use of the wealth intrusted to them. This
parable has given great perplexity, and many ways have been devised to explain it.
The above solution is the most simple of any; and if these plain principles are kept in
view, it will not be difficult to give a consistent explanation of its particular parts. It
should be borne in mind, however, that in this, as well as in other parables, we are
not to endeavor to spiritualize every circumstance or allusion. We are to keep in view
the great moral truth taught in it, that we cannot serve God and mammon, and that
all attempts to do this will involve us in difficulty and sin.
A steward - One who has charge of the affairs of a family or household; whose
duty it is to provide for the family, to purchase provisions, etc. This is, of course, an
office of trust and confidence. It affords great opportunity for dishonesty and waste,
and for embezzling property. The master’s eye cannot always be on the steward, and
he may, therefore, squander the property, or hoard it up for his own use. It was an
office commonly conferred on a slave as a reward for fidelity, and of course was given
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to him that, in long service, had shown himself most trustworthy. By the “rich man,”
here, is doubtless represented God. By the “steward,” those who are his professed
followers, particularly the “publicans” who were with the Saviour, and whose chief
danger arose from the temptations to the improper use of the money intrusted to
them.
Was accused - Complaint was made.
Had wasted - Had squandered or scattered it; had not been prudent and saving.
CLARKE, "A steward - Οικονοµος, from οικος, a house, or οικια, a family, and
νεµω, I administer; one who superintends domestic concerns, and ministers to the
support of the family, having the products of the field, business, etc., put into his
hands for this very purpose. See on Luk_8:3 (note).
There is a parable very like this in Rab. Dav. Kimchi’s comment on Isaiah, Isa_
40:21 : “The whole world may be considered as a house builded up: heaven is its roof;
the stars its lamps; and the fruits of the earth, the table spread. The owner and
builder of this house is the holy blessed God; and man is the steward, into whose
hands all the business of the house is committed. If he considers in his heart that the
master of the house is always over him, and keeps his eye upon his work; and if, in
consequence, he act wisely, he shall find favor in the eyes of the master of the house:
but if the master find wickedness in him, he will remove him, ‫יפקדתו‬ ‫מן‬ min pakidato,
from his Stewardship. The foolish steward doth not think of this: for as his eyes do
not see the master of the house, he saith in his heart, ‘I will eat and drink what I find
in this house, and will take my pleasure in it; nor shall I be careful whether there be a
Lord over this house or not.’ When the Lord of the house marks this, he will come
and expel him from the house, speedily and with great anger. Therefore it is written,
He bringeth the princes to nothing.” As is usual, our Lord has greatly improved this
parable, and made it in every circumstance more striking and impressive. Both in the
Jewish and Christian edition, it has great beauties.
Wasted his goods - Had been profuse and profligate; and had embezzled his
master’s substance.
GILL, "And he said also to his disciples,.... The Syriac version adds, "a
parable", as the following is; and which is directed to the disciples, as those in the
preceding chapter are to the Pharisees; and who also are designed in this; though it is
particularly spoken to the disciples, because it might be of some use to them, with
respect, to the stewardship they were in. The Persic and Ethiopic versions read,
"Jesus", or "the Lord Jesus said": and which is to be understood, though not
expressed; for the parable was delivered by him, and is as follows:
there was a certain rich man: by whom God is meant, who is rich in the
perfections of his nature, in the works of his hands, in his government, and the
administration of it, in providential goodness, and in the large revenues of glory due
to him from his creatures; for all temporal riches are from him; and so are all the
riches of mercy, grace, and glory:
which had a steward; by whom is designed, not all mankind; for though all men
are, in a sense, stewards under God, and are entrusted with the good things of life,
the gifts of nature, endowments of mind, health, strength of body, time, &c. yet all
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cannot be meant, because some are distinguished from this steward, Luk_16:5 nor
are the disciples intended, though the parable is directed to them; and they were
stewards of the mysteries and manifold grace of God; and one among them was an
unfaithful one, and was turned out of his stewardship; but the character of an unjust
man will not suit with them: and besides, this steward was of the children of this
world, Luk_16:8 but the Pharisees are meant: for these are taken notice of as
gravelled at this parable, Luk_16:14 and to them agrees the character of the men of
this world, who were worldly wise men; as also that of a steward; these are the tutors
and governors mentioned in Gal_4:2 who had the care of the house of Israel, the
family of God, under the legal dispensation; and to whom were committed the
oracles of God, the writings of Moses, and the prophets; and whose business it was to
open and explain them to the people.
And the same was accused unto him, that he had wasted his goods; put
false glosses upon the Scriptures; fed the family with bad and unwholesome food, the
traditions of the elders, called the leaven of the Pharisees: made havoc of the souls of
men; and made the hearts of the righteous sad: and hardened sinners in their wicked
ways: and fed themselves, and not the flock; and plundered persons of their temporal
substance; of all which they were accused by Moses, in whom they trusted; by his law
which they violated; and by their own consciences, which witnessed against them;
and by the cries of those whom they abused, which came into the ears of the Lord of
sabaoth.
HENRY, "We mistake if we imagine that the design of Christ's doctrine and holy
religion was either to amuse us with notions of divine mysteries or to entertain us
with notions of divine mercies. No, the divine revelation of both these in the gospel is
intended to engage and quicken us to the practice of Christian duties, and, as much
as any one thing, to the duty of beneficence and doing good to those who stand in
need of any thing that either we have or can do for them. This our Saviour is here
pressing us to, by reminding us that we are but stewards of the manifold grace of
God; and since we have in divers instances been unfaithful, and have forfeited the
favour of our Lord, it is our wisdom to think how we may, some other way, make
what we have in the world turn to a good account. Parables must not be forced
beyond their primary intention, and therefore we must not hence infer that any one
can befriend us if we lie under the displeasure of our Lord, but that, in the general,
we must so lay out what we have in works of piety and charity as that we may meet it
again with comfort on the other side death and the grave. If we would act wisely, we
must be diligent and industrious to employ our riches in the acts of piety and charity,
in order to promote our future and eternal welfare, as worldly men are in laying them
out to the greatest temporal profit, in making to themselves friends with them, and
securing other secular interests. So Dr. Clarke. Now let us consider,
I. The parable itself, in which all the children of men are represented as stewards
of what they have in this world, and we are but stewards. Whatever we have, the
property of it is God's; we have only the use of it, and that according to the direction
of our great Lord, and for his honour. Rabbi Kimchi, quoted by Dr. Lightfoot, says,
“This world is a house; heaven the roof; the stars the lights; the earth, with its fruits,
a table spread; the Master of the house is the holy and blessed God; man is the
steward, into whose hands the goods of this house are delivered; if he behave himself
well, he shall find favour in the eyes of his Lord; if not, he shall be turned out of his
stewardship.” Now,
1. Here is the dishonesty of this steward. He wasted his lord's goods, embezzled
them, misapplied them, or through carelessness suffered them to be lost and
damaged; and for this he was accused to his lord, Luk_16:1. We are all liable to the
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same charge. We have not made a due improvement of what God has entrusted us
with in this world, but have perverted his purpose; and, that we may not be for this
judged of our Lord, it concerns us to judge ourselves.
JAMISON, "Luk_16:1-31. Parables of the unjust steward and of the rich man
and Lazarus, or, the right use of money.
steward — manager of his estate.
accused — informed upon.
had wasted — rather, “was wasting.”
CALVIN, "The leading object of this parable is, to show that we ought to deal
kindly and generously with our neighbors; that, when we come to the judgment
seat of God, we may reap the fruit of our liberality. Though the parable appears
to be harsh and far-fetched, yet the conclusion makes it evident, that the design
of Christ was nothing else than what I have stated. And hence we see, that to
inquire with great exactness into every minute part of a parable is an absurd
mode of philosophizing. Christ does not advise us to purchase by large donations
the forgiveness of fraud, and of extortion, and of wasteful expenditure, and of
the other crimes associated with unfaithful administration. But as all the
blessings which God confers upon us are committed by Him to our
administration, our Lord now lays down a method of procedure, which will
protect us against being treated with rigor, when we come to render our account.
They who imagine that alms are a sufficient compensation for sensuality and
debauchery, do not sufficiently consider, that the first injunction given us is, to
live in sobriety and temperance; and that the next is, that the streams which flow
to us come from a pure fountain. It is certain that no man is so frugal, as not
sometimes to waste the property which has been entrusted to him; and that even
those who practice the most rigid economy are not entirely free from the charge
of unfaithful stewardship. Add to this, that there are so many ways of abusing
the gifts of God, that some incur guilt in one way, and some in another. I do not
even deny, that the very consciousness of our own faulty stewardship ought to be
felt by us as an additional excitement to kind actions.
But we ought to have quite another object in view, than to escape the judgment
of God by paying a price for our redemption; and that object is, first, that
seasonable and well-judged liberality may have the effect of restraining and
moderating unnecessary expenses; and, secondly, that our kindness to our
brethren may draw down upon us the mercy of God. It is very far from being the
intention of Christ to point out to his disciples a way of escape, when the
heavenly Judge shall require them to give their account; but he warns them to
lose no time in guarding against the punishment which will await their cruelty, if
they are found to have swallowed up the gifts of God, and to have paid no
attention to acts of beneficence. (297) We must always attend to this maxim, that
with what measure a man measures, it shall be recompensed to him again,
(Matthew 7:2.)
PETT, "Verse 1
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‘And he said also to the disciples, “There was a certain rich man, who had a
steward, and the same was accused to him that he was wasting his goods.” ’
Note that the direct recipients of the parable are the disciples. The message it
contains is therefore primarily for them. The story opens with the case of an
absentee landlord whose steward or estate manager has been reported for
mismanagement which has been to the lord’s financial disadvantage.
Verses 1-13
The Parable of The Astute Steward (16:1-13).
Jesus now tells a parable about an astute but careless estate manager who is
failing to do his job properly. It is reported that he is ‘wasting’ his lord’s goods
by his carelessness, not misappropriating them. When he is told that he is to be
replaced, and must render up his stewardship accounts, he hits on a scheme
which will put him in a good light in the eyes of others who might employ him,
and at the same time will impress his lord. He will clear off some of the
longstanding debts by means of what in modern times we call a Deed of
Voluntary Arrangement. This will please the debtors and at the same time bring
the money flowing in.
Under such a scheme both parties benefit. It is achieved by giving the equivalent
of a large discount on condition of immediate payment. By giving the large
discounts he will win the favour of possible future employers, and at the same
time persuade them to pay up, and by clearing the debts, which might possibly
never otherwise have been paid, he will at the same time please his lord, for it
will reduce amounts owing to him in his balance sheet to reasonable proportions
and will mean that he does actually receive some of what was due. To the debtors
the manager and his lord will appear generous (although they will recognise to
whom they really owe the benefit), to the lord he will appear efficient because
unexpectedly the money is rolling in. It was a skilful piece of financial
management, but at the same time may only have been necessary because of his
previous failure to be efficient. That is partly why he is called an ‘unrighteous’
steward, not because of blatant dishonesty, but because of the margins he
charges, the penalties he imposes and because of his carelessness and laziness in
collecting debts. It is true that outwardly this has caused his lord ‘a loss’, that is
a lower profit than he would otherwise have received. But it would ensure that
the cash was rolling in and the lord would not be aware of the whole situation.
Indeed he was rather impressed by his estate manager’s efficiency. (But not
sufficiently to retain him in his job).
Coming to such an arrangement may well have been easier because of the
margins the estate manager was making on the sale of the produce, especially if
payment was being made late and large penalties were being imposed in lieu of
‘interest’. Such large penalties were a feature of ancient trade. He is thus cutting
his lord’s profits, not actually making a loss. The lord may not even have been
aware of this. All he would know was what was ‘in stock’, what in general had
been owed last time accounts had been rendered, and how much money was
rolling in. And the sudden increase in the latter had clearly impressed him.
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Another alternative suggested is that the estate manager had built a commission
into the prices and was foregoing his commission.
One of these explanations is required because of the unlikelihood of the lord
commending someone who had blatantly swindled him.
Analysis.
a He said also to the disciples, “There was a certain rich man, who had a
steward, and the same was accused to him that he was wasting his goods” (Luke
16:1).
b He called him, and said to him, ‘What is this that I hear about you? Render the
account of your stewardship, for you can no longer be steward’ (Luke 16:2).
c The steward said within himself, What shall I do, seeing that my lord is taking
away the stewardship from me? I do not have the strength to dig, to beg I am
ashamed” (Luke 16:3).
d “I am resolved what to do, so that, when I am put out of the stewardship, they
may receive me into their houses” (Luke 16:4).
e Calling to him each one of his lord’s debtors, he said to the first, “How much
do you owe to my lord?” And he said, “A hundred measures of oil.” And he said
to him, “Take your bond, and sit down quickly and write fifty” (Luke 16:5-6).
e Then he said to another, “And how much do you owe?” And he said, “A
hundred measures of wheat.” He says to him, Take your bond, and write
fourscore” (Luke 16:7).
d And his lord commended the unrighteous steward because he had done wisely,
for the sons of this world are for their own generation wiser than the sons of the
light (Luke 16:8).
c And I say to you, “Make to yourselves friends by means of the mammon of
unrighteousness, that, when it shall fail, they may receive you into the eternal
dwellings ( tabernacles)” (Luke 16:9).
b
“He who is faithful in a very little is faithful also in much,
And he who is unrighteous in a very little is unrighteous also in much.
If therefore you have not been faithful in the unrighteous mammon,
Who will commit to your trust the true riches,
And if you have not been faithful in that which is another’s,
Who will give you that which is your own?”(Luke 16:10-12).
a “No servant can serve two masters, for either he will hate the one, and love the
other, or else he will hold to one, and despise the other. You cannot serve God
and mammon” (Luke 16:13).
In ‘a’ the steward professed to be serving his master but was serving mammon,
and in the parallel Jesus declares that it is not possible to serve two masters. In
‘b’ the steward is called to render his account, and in the parallel it is by his
account that a man’s faithfulness will be tested. In ‘c’ the steward asks himself
what he should do, and in the parallel a good steward should use his wealth to
make friends in the right place, in the eternal dwellings/tabernacles. In ‘d’ the
steward decides what course he will take and in the parallel his lord commends
him for it. In ‘e’ we have the steward’s solution, get the debts in by giving big
discounts which will please everyone.
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BENSON. "Luke 16:1. And he also, &c. — To give a further check to the
maliciousness of the Pharisees, and the obstinacy with which they opposed every
thing that was good, he delivered, while they were still present, the parable of the
crafty steward, whom he proposed as an example of the dexterous improvement
which worldly men make of such opportunities and advantages as fall in their
way for advancing their interest. By this parable, Jesus designed to excite his
disciples to improve, in like manner, the advantages they might enjoy for
advancing their own spiritual welfare; and particularly to spend their time and
money in promoting the conversion of sinners, which, of all the offices in their
power, was the most acceptable to God, and the most beneficial to man. He said
also to his disciples — Not only to the scribes and Pharisees, to whom he had
been hitherto speaking, but to all the younger as well as the elder brethren, to the
returning prodigals, who were now his disciples. A certain rich man had a
steward — To whom the care of his family, and all his domestic concerns, were
committed: Christ here teaches all that are now in favour with God, particularly
pardoned penitents, to behave wisely in what is committed to their trust. And the
same was accused unto him, &c. — Some of the family, who had a real concern
for their lord’s interest, observing the steward to be both profuse in his
distributions, and negligent in taking care of the provisions of the family,
thought fit to inform their lord, that he was wasting his goods. Dr. Whitby
quotes Rab. D. Kimchi, on Isaiah 40:21, commenting as follows, “The fruits of
the earth are like a table spread in a house; the owner of this house is God; man
in this world is, as it were, the steward of the house, into whose hands his Lord
hath delivered all his riches; if he behave himself well, he will find favour in the
eyes of his Lord; if ill, he will remove him from his stewardship.” And thus, adds
the doctor, “the scope of this parable seems to be this: that we are to look upon
ourselves, not as lords of the good things of this life, so as to get and use them at
our pleasure, but only as stewards, who must be faithful in the administration of
them.”
BARCLAY, "A BAD MAN'S GOOD EXAMPLE (Luke 16:1-13)
16:1-13 Jesus said to his disciples, "There was a rich man who had a steward. He
received information against the steward which alleged that he was dissipating
his goods. He called him, and said to him, 'What is this that I hear about you?
Give an account of your stewardship, for you can no longer be steward.' The
steward said to himself, 'What am I to do? I have not the strength to dig, and I
am ashamed to beg. I know what I will do, so that, when I am removed from my
stewardship, they will receive me into their houses.' So he summoned each of the
people who owed debts to his master. To the first he said, 'How much do you owe
my master?' He said, 'Nine hundred gallons of oil.' He said to him, 'Take your
account and sit down and write quickly, four hundred and fifty.' Then he said to
another 'And you--how much do you owe?' He said, 'A thousand bushels of
corn.' He said to him, 'Take your accounts and write eight hundred.' And the
master praised the wicked steward because he acted shrewdly; for the sons of
this world are shrewder in their own generation than the sons of light. And, I tell
you, make for yourselves friends by means of your material possessions, even if
they have been unjustly acquired, so that when your money has gone they will
receive you into a dwelling which lasts forever. He who is trustworthy in a very
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little is also trustworthy in much; and he who is dishonest in a very little is also
dishonest in much. If you have not shown yourself trustworthy in your ordinary
business dealings about material things, who will trust you with the genuine
wealth? If you have not shown yourselves trustworthy in what belongs to
someone else, who will give you what is your own? No household slave can serve
two masters, for either he will hate the one and love the other, or he will hold to
the one and despise the other. You cannot be the slave of God and of material
things."
This is a difficult parable to interpret. It is a story about as choice a set of rascals
as one could meet anywhere.
The steward was a rascal. He was a slave, but he was nonetheless in charge of the
running of his master's estate. In Palestine there were many absentee landlords.
The master may well have been one of these, and his business may well have been
entrusted to his steward's hands. The steward had followed a career of
embezzlement.
The debtors were also rascals. No doubt what they owed was rent. Rent was
often paid to a landlord, not in money, but in kind. It was often an agreed
proportion of the produce of the part of the estate which had been rented. The
steward knew that he had lost his job. He, therefore, had a brilliant idea. He
falsified the entries in the books so that the debtors were debited with far less
than they owed. This would have two effects. First, the debtors would be grateful
to him; and second, and much more effective, he had involved the debtors in his
own misdemeanours, and, if the worst came to the worst, he was now in a strong
position to exercise a little judicious blackmail!
The master himself was something of a rascal, for, instead of being shocked at
the whole proceeding, he appreciated the shrewd brain behind it and actually
praised the steward for what he had done.
The difficulty of the parable is clearly seen from the fact that Luke attaches no
fewer than four different lessons to it.
(i) In Luke 16:8 the lesson is that the sons of this world are wiser in their
generation than the sons of light. That means that, if only the Christian was as
eager and ingenious in his attempt to attain goodness as the man of the world is
in his attempt to attain money and comfort, he would be a much better man. If
only men would give as much attention to the things which concern their souls as
they do to the things which concern their business, they would be much better
men. Over and over again a man will expend twenty times the amount of time
and money and effort on his pleasure, his hobby, his garden, his sport as he does
on his church. Our Christianity will begin to be real and effective only when we
spend as much time and effort on it as we do on our worldly activities.
(ii) In Luke 16:9 the lesson is that material possessions should be used to cement
the friendships wherein the real and permanent value of life lies. That could be
done in two ways.
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(a) It could be done as it affects eternity. The Rabbis had a saying, "The rich
help the poor in this world, but the poor help the rich in the world to come."
Ambrose, commenting on the rich fool who built bigger barns to store his goods,
said, "The bosoms of the poor, the houses of widows, the mouths of children are
the barns which last forever." It was a Jewish belief that charity given to poor
people would stand to a man's credit in the world to come. A man's true wealth
would consist not in what he kept, but in what he gave away.
(b) It could be done as it affects this world. A man can use his wealth selfishly or
he can use it to make life easier, not only for himself, but for his friends and his
fellow-men. How many a scholar is forever grateful to a rich man who gave or
left money to found bursaries and scholarships which made a university career
possible! How many a man is grateful to a better-off friend who saw him through
some time of need in the most practical way! Possessions are not in themselves a
sin, but they are a great responsibility, and the man who uses them to help his
friends has gone far to discharge that responsibility.
(iii) In Luke 16:10-11 the lesson is that a man's way of fulfilling a small task is
the best proof of his fitness or unfitness to be entrusted with a bigger task. That
is clearly true of earthly things. No man will be advanced to higher office until he
has given proof of his honesty and ability in a smaller position. But Jesus extends
the principle to eternity. He says, "Upon earth you are in charge of things which
are not really yours. You cannot take them with you when you die. They are only
lent to you. You are only a steward over them. They cannot, in the nature of
things, be permanently yours. On the other hand, in heaven you will get what is
really and eternally yours. And what you get in heaven depends on how you use
the things of earth. What you will be given as your very own will depend on how
you use the things of which you are only steward."
(iv) Luke 16:13 lays down the rule that no slave can serve two masters. The
master possessed the slave, and possessed him exclusively. Nowadays, a servant
or a workman can quite easily do two jobs and work for two people. He can do
one job in his working time and another in his spare time. He can, for instance,
be a clerk by day and a musician by night. Many a man augments his income or
finds his real interest in a spare-time occupation. But a slave had no spare time;
every moment of his day, and every ounce of his energy, belonged to his master.
He had no time which was his own. So, serving God can never be a part-time or a
spare-time job. Once a man chooses to serve God every moment of his time and
every atom of his energy belongs to God. God is the most exclusive of masters.
We either belong to him totally or not at all.
NISBET, "THE MAN WHO ACTED WISELY
‘There was a certain rich man, which had a steward; … And the lord
commended the unjust steward, because he had done wisely.’
Luke 16:1-8
This parable draws a lesson from the conduct of a worldly man. Not that we are
advised to act as he did—but that as he showed wisdom and decision in his
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worldly concerns, so should we in spiritual matters.
Consider the story. An accusation was made against a certain steward of having
embezzled his master’s property. He was not at once dismissed (Luke 16:4), for
that would have been unjust before the accusation was proved, but was ordered
to bring in his account, so as to satisfy his master. Just so do we stand in God’s
sight. The accusation is made (Romans 5:12; Romans 5:16; Romans 5:18). We
are told to be ready for the day of reckoning (Amos 4:12; 2 Corinthians 5:10).
What did the steward do? Three points may be noticed:—
I. He profited by the past.—When the word came to him he saw at once that he
was condemned. He does not justify himself (Luke 18:11). He does not go in
rashly with the account as it is (Matthew 27:5). No. He was convinced, in
reflecting on his situation, that he must alter his ways (1 Peter 4:1-3). He says,
‘What shall I do?’ Such is the cry of conviction (Acts 2:37; Acts 16:30).
II. He overcame the present.—No sooner was he convinced of his difficulty than
he set to work to conquer it. ‘I am resolved what to do’ (Joshua 1:7; 1 Kings
18:21; James 1:8). There is no delay (Proverbs 6:5), no hesitation (Hebrews 2:3).
He thinks, he decides, he acts (Luke 15:17-20). Look at the case of the first
tenant. The steward had clearly been in the habit of receiving from him a
hundred measures, of which he appropriated fifty, and sent in fifty to his lord.
Now he says to the tenant, You need only pay fifty. This would put the man
under obligation to himself, and make the account right for his master. So with
the others, and the difficulty was overcome.
III. He provided for the future.—Whichever way matters went, he was right for
the future—right for his lord; standing well with the tenants. What was the
result? His lord (Luke 16:8) commended him. See the case of St. Paul as
illustrating our duty. ‘What wilt Thou have me to do?’ ‘This one thing I do.’ ‘I
know Whom I have believed.’ ‘Henceforth there is laid up for me a crown of
righteousness.’
Wisdom and diligence in spiritual things is the lesson to be drawn from this. We
must decide and act with reference to our account for God.
—Bishop Rowley Hill.
ELLICOTT, "(1) There was a certain rich man, which had a steward.—There is,
perhaps, no single parable that has been subjected to such various and
discordant interpretations as this of the Unjust Steward. It seems best to give
step by step what seems to be a true exposition of its meaning, and to reserve a
survey of other expositions till they can be compared with this.
The word “steward” had, we must remember, been already used by our Lord in
Luke 12:42, and had there pointed, beyond the shadow of a doubt, to the office
of the Apostles and other ministers, as dispensers of divine truths, and perhaps
also, of the means of grace. So St. Paul, whose language is, as we have seen in so
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many instances, always important in connection with St. Luke’s vocabulary,
speaks of himself and his fellow-labourers as “stewards of the mysteries of God.”
He has learnt, may we not say, from the parable, that “it is required in stewards
that a man be found faithful” (1 Corinthians 4:1-2). We start, then, with this
clue. The Unjust Steward represents primarily the Pharisees and scribes in their
teaching and ministerial functions. But though spoken in the hearing of the
Pharisees, the parable was addressed, not to them, but “to the disciples.” And the
reason of this is obvious. They, too, were called to be “stewards;” they, too,
collectively and individually, would have to give an account of their stewardship.
But if this is what the steward represents, then the rich man, like the “house-
holder” in other parables, can be none else than God, who both appoints the
stewards and calls them to account. In the further extension of the parable it is,
of course, applicable to all who have any “goods” entrusted to them, any gifts
and opportunities, any vocation and ministry in the great kingdom of God.
The same was accused unto him that he had wasted his goods.—(1) The Greek
word for “was accused” commonly carries with it the idea of false, calumnious
accusation. Probably, however, the idea connected with it, as seen in the word
diabolos, or devil, which is derived from it, is that of malignant accusation,
whether the charge were true or false. It is conceivable that it may have been
purposely chosen to suggest the thought that the great Adversary was at once
tempting the double-minded teachers to their life of hypocrisy, and exulting at
their fall. If we ask why this was only suggested and not more directly expressed,
as it would have been if some one accuser had been named, the answer is found
in the fact that the one great Accuser has many mouth-pieces, diaboli acting
under the diabolos (the Greek word stands for “false accusers” in Titus 2:3), and
that there was no lack of such comments, more or less malevolent, on the
inconsistencies of the professedly religious class. (2) There is an obvious purpose
in using the same word, in the hearing of the same persons, as that which, in
Luke 15:13, had described the excesses of the Prodigal Son. The Pharisees had
heard that parable, and even if they had caught the bearing of the language
which portrayed the character of the elder son, had flattered themselves that
they were, at all events, free from the guilt of the younger. They had not “wasted
their substance in riotous living.” Now they were taught that the “goods”
committed to them might be wasted in other ways than by being “devoured” in
company with “harlots.” They were guilty of that sin in proportion as they had
failed to use what they had been entrusted with for the good of men and for
God’s glory.
BI 1-8, "There was a certain rich man, which had a steward
Christ’s servants are stewards
I.
SHOW WHAT THINGS THEY ARE ENTRUSTED WITH, THAT ARE NOT THEIR
OWN.
1. All earthly good things, as riches, health, time, opportunities.
2. Also spiritual goods, viz., the gospel and its ministration, spiritual knowledge,
gifts, grace, the worship of God, and His ordinances, promises, providences, and
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care of His holy temple or vineyard.
II. SHOW WHY WE MUST CAREFULLY IMPROVE ALL THINGS THAT ARE IN
OUR HANDS.
1. Earthly things.
(1) Because, whatsoever we have put into our hands is to advance the honour
of our great Lord and Master, Jesus Christ, and to refresh, comfort, and
support the whole household where we are placed.
(2) Because we have nothing that is our own; it is our Lord’s goods.
(3) Because if we are not faithful in the least, it may stop the hand of Christ
from giving the greater things to us.
(4) It will be otherwise a wrong and great injustice to the poor, or to such for
the sake of whom they that are rich are entrusted with earthly wealth, in
withholding that which is theirs by Christ’s appointment from them; and so a
clear demonstration of unfaithfulness both to God and man; and it may
provoke God to take away from them what they have.
(5) Because we must in a short time be called to give an account of our
stewardship; we must expect to hear Christ say, “What have you done with
My gold and silver, My corn, My wool, and My flax? How is it that My poor
have wanted bread and clothes, and My ministers have been neglected and
forced to run into debt to buy necessaries to support their families?”
(6) Because if these good things be not rightly and faith fully improved as
Christ commands, His poor and His ministers may be exposed to great
temptations, and their souls borne down and sorely discouraged; and Satan
may get advantages against them, for many snares and dangers attend
outward want; moreover the name of God and religion may also thereby be
exposed to the contempt of the world. Who can believe we are the people of
God, when they cannot see that love to one another among them which is the
character of true Christians? Or how should they think that we believe the
way we are in is the true way and worship of God?
2. Spiritual things.
(1) The gospel and its ministration, because it is given to the end that we may
profit thereby. It is Christ’s chief treasure, and that which He intrusts very
few with. If not improved, He may take it away from us, as He has already
from others. When that goes, God, Christ, and all good goes, and all evil will
come in.
(2) Spiritual gifts, knowledge, etc., because given for the use and profit of the
Church; and they that have them are but stewards of them, which they are
commanded to improve (1Pe_4:10). Use: Get your accounts ready; you know
not but this night Christ may say, “Give an account,” etc. (B. Keach.)
All men are stewards of God
A friend stepping into the office of a Christian business man one day, noticed that he
was standing at his desk with hit, hands full of banknotes, which he was carefully
counting, as he laid them down one by one. After a brief silence the friend said: “Mr.
H——, just count out ten pounds from that pile of notes and make yourself or some
other person a life member of the Christian Giving Society!” He finished his count,
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and quickly replied, “I’m handling trust funds now!” His answer instantly flashed a
light on the entire work and life of a Christian, and the friend replied to his statement
with the question, “Do you ever handle anything but trust funds?” If Christians
would only realize that all that God gives us is “in trust,” what a change would come
over our use of money! “I’m handling trust funds now.” Let the merchant write the
motto over his desk; the farmer over the income of his farm; the labourer over his
wages; the professional man over his salary; the banker over his income; the
housekeeper over her house expense purse; the boy and girl over “pocket money”—
and what a change would be made in our life. A business man who had made a
donation of one thousand pounds to a Christian enterprise, once said in the hearing
of the writer—“I hold that a man is accountable for every sixpence he gets.” There is
the gospel idea of “trust funds.” Let parents instruct and train their children to
“handle trust funds” as the stewards of God’s bounty, and there will be a new
generation of Christians.
The proper improvement of temporal possessions
I. That the common maxims of human wisdom in the conduct of worldly affairs, and
even those of carnal and unjust policy, may be usefully applied for our direction in
the concerns of religion, and they reproach the folly and slothfulness of Christians in
working out their salvation; the children of this world are wiser in their generation
than the children of light.”
II. The second observation is, that riches and other gifts of providence are but little
in comparison with the greater and more substantial blessings which God is ready to
bestow on His sincere and faithful servants; that these inferior things are committed
to Christians as to stewards for the trial of their fidelity, and they who improve them
carefully to the proper ends for which they were given, are entitled to the greater
benefits which others forfeit, and render themselves unworthy of, by negligence and
unfaithfulness. This is the meaning of the 10th and 11th verses—“He who is faithful in
that which is least, is faithful also in much; and he who is unjust in the least, is unjust
also in much; if, therefore, you have not been faithful in the unrighteous mammon,
who will commit to your trust the true richest” We may further observe upon this
head, that God hath wisely ordered the circumstances of this life in subordination to
another. The enjoyments of our present state are the means of trying our virtue, and
the occasions of exercising it, that so by a due improvement of them to that purpose,
we may be prepared for the perfection of virtue, and complete happiness hereafter.
This might be illustrated in a variety of particular instances—indeed, in the whole
compass of our worldly affairs, which, according as they are conducted, either
minister to virtue or vice. By the various uncertain events of life, as some are tempted
to different distracting passions, to eager, anxious desire, to fear and sorrow, so there
is to better disposed minds an opportunity of growing in self dominion, in an equal
and uniform temper, and a more earnest prevalent desire of true goodness, which is
immutable in all external changes; in afflictions there is a trial and an increase of
patience, which is of so much moment as to be represented in Scripture as the height
of religious perfection. Knowledge, likewise, is capable of being greatly improved for
the service of mankind; and all our talents of this sort, which are distributed
promiscuously to men, though little in themselves, and with respect to the main ends
of our being, yet to the diligent and faithful servant, who useth them well and wisely
for the cause of virtue, and under the direction of its principles, they bring great
returns of real and solid benefit, which shall abide with him for ever. Thus it
appeareth that Divine Providence hath wisely ordered the circumstances of our
condition in this world, in our infancy of being, so that by the proper exercise of our
own faculties, and the industrious improvement of the opportunities which are
afforded us, we may be prepared for a better and happier state hereafter. But if, on
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the contrary, we are unjust to our great Master, and to ourselves, that is, to our
highest interest, in the little, which is now committed to us, we thereby forfeit the
greatest good we are capable of, and deprive ourselves of the true riches. If in the first
trial which God taketh of us, as moral agents during our immature state, our state of
childhood, we do not act a proper part, but are given up to indolence and sloth, and
to a prodigal waste of our talents, the consequences of this folly and wickedness will
naturally, and by the just judgment of God, cleave to us in every stage of our
existence; of which there is a familiar instance every day before us in those unhappy
persons who having from early youth obstinately resisted the best instructions, for
the most part continue unreclaimed through their whole lives, and bring themselves
to a miserable end. Let us, therefore, always consider ourselves as now under
probation and discipline, and that eternal consequences of the greatest moment
depend upon our present conduct.
III. The third observation is, THAT THE THINGS OF THIS WORLD COMMITTED
TO OUR TRUST ARE NOT OUR OWN, BUT THE PROPERTY OF ANOTHER; BUT
THE GIFTS OF GOD, GRANTED AS THE REWARD OF OUR IMPROVING THEM
FAITHFULLY, HAVE A NEARER AND MORE IMMEDIATE RELATION TO
OURSELVES, AND A STRICT INSEPARABLE CONNECTION WITH OUR
HAPPINESS. “And if you have not been faithful in that which is another’s, who will
give you that which is your own?” (Luk_16:12.) The things which are said to be
another’s, are, the unrighteous mammon, and others like it; God is the sovereign
proprietor of them; they are foreign to the constitution of the human nature, and
their usefulness to it is only accidental and temporary. But the other goods, virtuous
integrity and the favour of God, enter deeper into the soul, and by its essential frame
are a never-failing spring of joy and consolation to it in every state of existence.
It is very surprising that a man, who so much loveth and is devoted to himself, being
naturally and necessarily so determined, should be so ignorant, as many are, what
that self really is, and thereby be misled to place his affections on something else
instead of it. By the least attention every man will see that what is meant by himself is
the same person or intelligent agent, the thinking, conscious “I,” which remaineth
unaltered in all changes of condition, from the remembrance of his earliest thoughts
and actions to the present moment. How remote from this are riches, power, honour,
health, strength, the matter ingredient in the composition of the body, and even its
limbs, which may be all lost, and self still the same? These things, therefore, are “not
our own,” meaning by that, what most properly and unalienably belongeth to
ourselves; we hold them by an uncertain, precarious tenure, they come and go, while
the same conscious, thinking being, which is strictly the man himself, continueth
unchanged, in honour and dishonour, in riches and poverty, in sickness and health,
and all the other differences of our outward state. But, on the contrary, state of
religious virtue, which it is the intention of Christianity to bring us to, and which is
the immediate effect of improving our talents diligently and faithfully, that “kingdom
of God which is righteousness, and peace, and joy in the Holy Ghost”; this is of a
quite different kind, it entereth into our very selves, and closely adhereth to us; it
improveth our nature, refineth and enlargeth its noblest powers; it is so much “our
own,” as to become our very temper, and the ruling bent of our minds; there is
nothing we are more directly conscious of in ourselves than good dispositions and
good actions proceeding from them, and the consciousness is always accompanied
with delight. The good man is therefore “satisfied from himself,” because his
satisfaction ariseth from a review of his goodness which is intimately his own. (J.
Abernethy, M. A.)
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Stewardship
I. THE OFFICE OF STEWARD.
1. A steward is a man who administers a property which is not his own. His
relation to property is distinguished on the one hand from that of those who have
nothing to do with the property, because the steward has everything to do with it
that he can do for its advantage; and, on the other hand, from that of the owner of
the property, because the steward is no sense the owner of it, but only the
administrator. His duty towards it is dependent on the will of another, and it may
terminate at any moment.
2. The office of a steward is before all things a trust. It represents in human
affairs a venture which the owner of a property makes, upon the strength of his
estimate of the character of the man to whom he delegates the care of the
property.
3. An account must at some time be rendered to some one.
(1) We are accountable to public opinion.
(2) To our own conscience.
(3) To God. If man has no account to give, no wrong that he does has the
least consequence.
If man has no account to give, no wrong that is done to him, and that is unpunished
by human law, will ever be punished. If man has no account to give, life is a hideous
chaos; it is a game of chance in which the horrible and the grotesque alternately; bury
out of sight the very last vestiges of a moral order. If man has no account to give, the
old Epicurean rule in all its profound degradation may have much to say for itself
(1Co_15:32).
II. HUMAN LIFE IS A STEWARDSHIP. We are stewards, whether as men or as
Christians; not less in the order of nature than in the order of grace.
1. Every owner of property is in God’s sight a steward of that property, and,
sooner or later, He will demand an account. Has it, however little, been spent
conscientiously; or merely as the passion or freak of the moment might suggest?
2. Or, the estate of which we are stewards is a more interesting and precious one
than this. It is situated in the world of the mind, in the region where none but
knowledge and speculation and imagination and taste have their place and sway.
Yet all this is not ours, but God’s. He is the Author of the gifts which have laid out
the weed of taste and thought and knowledge; and each contributor to that world,
and each student, or even each loiterer in it, is only the steward, the trustee, of
endowments, of faculties which, however intimately his own when we distinguish
him from other men, are not his own when we look higher and place them in the
light of the rights of God. “Give an account of thy stewardship.” The real Author
and Owner of the gifts of mind sometimes utters this summons to His stewards
before the time of death. He withdraws the mental life of man, and leaves him
still with the animal life intact and vigorous. Go to a lunatic asylum, that most
pitiable assortment of all the possibilities of human degradation, and mark there,
at least among some of the sufferers, those who abuse the stewardship of
intelligence.
3. Or, the estate of which we are stewards is something higher still. It is the creed
which we believe, the hopes which we cherish, the religion in which we find our
happiness and peace as Christians. With this treasure, which He has withheld
from others, God has entrusted us Christians, in whatever measure, for our own
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good, and also for the good of our fellow-men. Religion, too, is a loan, a trust; it is
not an inalienable property.
4. And then, growing out of those three estates, is the estate of influence—that
subtle, inevitable effect for good or for ill which man exerts uponthe lives of those
around him. The question is, what use are we making of it; how is it telling upon
friends, acquaintances, servants, correspondents, those who know us only from a
distance—are we helping them upwards or downwards, to heaven or to hell?
Surely a momentous question for all of us, since of this stewardship events may
summon us before the end comes to give account.
5. And a last estate of which we are but stewards, is health and life. This bodily
frame, so fearfully and wonderfully made, of such subtle and delicate texture that
the wonder is that it should bear the wear and tear of time, and last as long as for
many of us it does—of this we are not owners, we are only stewards. It is most
assuredly no creation of our own, this body; and He who gave it us will in any
case one day withdraw His gift. And yet how many a man thinks in his secret
heart that if he owns nothing else, he does at least own, as its absolute master
might own, the fabric of flesh and bones, nerves and veins, in which his animal
life resides: that with this, at least, he may rightfully do what he will, even abuse
and ruin and irretrievably degrade, and even kill; that here no question of
another’s right can possibly occur; that here he is master on his own ground, and
not a steward. Oh, piteous forgetfulness in a man who believes that he has a
Creator, and that that Creator has His rights! Oh, piteous ingratitude in a
Christian, who should remember that he is not his own, but is bought with a
price, and that therefore he should glorify God in his body no less than in his
spirit, since both are God’s! Oh, piteous illusion, the solemn moment for
dissipating which is ever hurrying on apace! The Author of health and life has His
own time for bidding us give an account of this solemn stewardship—often, too,
when it is least expected. (Canon Liddon)
Moral stewardship
I. MEN ARE STEWARDS.
1. In regard to their talents.
(1) Time.
(2) Money.
(3) Physical, mental, and moral abilities.
2. In regard to their privileges. Each privilege is a sacred talent, to be utilized for
personal, spiritual end. Golden in character. Uncertain in continuance.
3. In regard to their opportunities. Men are responsible not only for what they
do, but also for what they are capable of doing.
II. MEN ARE STEWARDS ONLY. Whatever we have, we have received, hold in trust,
and must account for to God.
III. THE RECKONING DAY IS COMING.
1. The day of reckoning is certain.
2. Uncertain as to the time.
3. Divine in its procedure. God Himself will make the final award.
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4. Solemn in its character.
5. Eternal in its issues.
Learn—
1. That moral responsibility is a solemn thing.
2. It is imposed upon us without our own consent.
3. That we cannot avert the day of reckoning.
4. That upon the proper use of our talents shall we reap the reward of life and
blessedness.
5. That unfaithfulness to our solemn responsibilities will entail eternal disgrace
and everlasting reprobation. (J. Tesseyman.)
The stewardship of life
I. THE TRUST REPOSED IN US—“Thy stewardship.” Stewardship is based upon the
idea of another’s proprietorship.
1. Of the Divine Proprietorship.
2. Stewardship implies interests entrusted to human keeping and administration.
3. Stewardship implies human capability. Faithfulness cannot be compelled by
an omnipotent Ruler. It is a subject of moral choice.
II. THE END OF OUR STEWARDSHIP AS HERE SUGGESTED—“Give an account.
Thou mayest be no longer steward.” Moral responsibility is the solemn heritage of all
rational intelligences.
1. The stewardship may be held to be determinable at death. Moral power
continues, and moral obligations and duties rest on the spirit. So, there will be
stewardship in eternity. But here the concern is with “the deeds done in the
body.”
2. Stewardship may practically be determined before the last hour of mortal
history. (The Preacher’s Monthly.)
The unjust steward
1. We are stewards, not proprietors.
2. Let me urge upon you to be faithful in whatsoever position in life you may be.
3. It is only as you are in Christ, and Christ in you, that you will be able to realize
your true position, and act with true faithfulness. (A. F. Barfield.)
Christian prudence
I. THE OBLIGATION TO THIS.
1. Because we are dependent on God.
2. Because we are accountable to Him.
II. ITS PROPER NATURE.
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1. In general.
(1) It is provident of the future.
(2) It conceals not from itself the true state of matters.
(3) It is inventive of means for its well-being.
(4) It forms its purpose with greatest determination.
(5) It discloses clearly who or what can be of service to it for the
accomplishment of its purpose.
(6) It does not content itself with purposes, but goes immediately to action.
(7) It employs the time without delay.
(8) It transacts everything with careful consideration.
2. In particular.
(1) It employs temporal goods in well-doing.
(2) It is mindful of death and the day of reckoning.
(3) It has an eye to eternal bliss.
III. THE CONSEQUENCES OF IT.
1. It obtains the approval of the Lord and Judge of all.
2. It renders us capable and worthy of receiving greater, truer, abiding goods. (F.
G. Lisco.)
Lessons:—
1. A regard to our own interest is a commendable principle. The great fault which
men commit is, that they mistake the nature as well as the means of happiness.
2. There is another object which our Saviour has in view. It is to compare the
sagacity and exertion which worldly men employ in order to attain their ends
with the lukewarmness and negligence of the children of light. Do we not see with
what ardour and perseverance those who place their happiness in wealth pursue
their grand object?
3. We learn from parable, and the observations of our Saviour which accompany
it, the manner in which riches may be applied for the advancement of happiness.
4. From this passage we may learn the benefit which good men may derive from
observing the vices which prevail around them. This lesson our Saviour has
taught us. By seeing vice, as it appears in the world, we may learn the nature and
character, the effects and consequences of it.
5. But the principal object of this parable was evidently to teach us that the
exercise of forethought is an important duty required of all Christians.
Forethought, then, is necessary to reformation. It is not less necessary to
improvement. For does not improvement presuppose that we seek or watch for
opportunities of exercising our benevolent affections—of doing good and kind
actions—and of supplying the importunate wants of the needy and the destitute?
(J. Thomson, D. D.)
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The unjust steward an example in one respect
If we were to wait for perfect men, men perfect in all parts and on all sides of their
character, before admiring them or asking others to admire them, whom should we
admire? what models or examples could we hold up before our children or our
neighbours? Instead of turning so foolishly from the instruction human life offers us,
we detach this quality or that from the character of men, and admire that, without for
a moment meaning to set up all the man was or did as a complete model, an exact
and full epitome of human excellence. We can call the attention of our children to the
dexterity of a cricketer or a juggler without supposing, or being supposed, to make
him the beau ideal of mental and moral character. We can admire Lord Bacon as one
of “the greatest” and “wisest” of mankind, if we also admit him to have been one of
“the meanest.” We can quote an eminent sceptic as a very model of patience and
candour, yet deplore his scepticism. Both we and the Bible can detach noble qualities
from the baser matter with which they are blended, and say, “Imitate these men in
what was noble, pure, lovely,” without being supposed to add, “and imitate them also
in what was mean, weak, immoral.” Why, then, should we deny our Lord the liberty
we claim for ourselves? What should we expect of Him but the mode of teaching
which pervades the Bible throughout? Above all, why should we suppose Him to
approve what is evil in the men He puts before us, unless He expressly warns us
against it, when we ourselves, and the inspired writers, seldom make any such
provision against misconception? Read the parable honestly, and, according to all the
analogies of human and inspired speech, you will expect to find some excellent
quality in the steward which you will do well to imitate; but you will not for an
instant suppose that it is his evil qualities which you are to approve. Do any ask,
“What was this excellent quality?” Mark what it is, and what alone it is, that even his
lord commends in the Unjust Steward. It is not his injustice, but his prudence. “His
lord commended him because he had done wisely”—because on a critical occasion he
had acted with a certain promptitude and sagacity, because he had seen his end
clearly and gone straight at it. Did he not deserve the praise? (S. Cox)
Our stewardship
I. IN THE PRESENT LIFE EVERY ONE OF US HAS THE CHARACTER AND
PLACE OF A STEWARD.
II. THE TIME OF OUR STEWARDSHIP WILL HAVE AN END.
1. It will end certainly at death.
2. It may end suddenly.
3. Our stewardship, once ended, shall be renewed no more. When death comes,
our negligences and mismanagement are fatal.
III. ON OUR CEASING TO BE STEWARDS, AN ACCOUNT OF OUR
STEWARDSHIP WILL BE REQUIRED.
1. Who must give an account? I answer, every one that lives and is here a steward.
2. To whom? And this is to God; to God by Christ, to whom all judgment is com-
mitred.
3. Of what will an account be demanded? The text says, of our stewardship, i.e.,
how we have acted in it while it lasted.
4. When will such aa account be demanded? The Scripture tells us—
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(1) Immediately upon every one’s going out of his stewardship.
(2) Most solemnly at the last day.
5. what is conveyed in the expression, “Give an account of thy stewardship”?
(1) That God will deal with every one in particular.
(2) That notice is taken, and records kept of what every one now does, and
this in order to a future judgment, when all is to be produced, and sentence
publicly passed.
(3) Every one’s account called for to be given, shall be according to the talents
wherewith he was entrusted.
Application:
1. Is every one in the present life to be considered as a steward of all that he
enjoys? How unreasonable is pride in those who have the largest share of their
Lord’s goods; as they have nothing but what they have received, and the more
their talents, the greater the trust.
2. What cause of serious concern have all that live under the gospel, left, as
stewards of the manifold grace of God, they should receive it in vain, and have
their future condemnation aggravated by their present advantages, as neglected
or abused?
3. Will the time of our stewardship have an end? What a value should we put
upon it, as a season in which we are to act for eternity.
4. The believer has no reason to faint under the difficulties of his stewardship;
seeing it will have an end, a most desirable one; and neither the services nor
sufferings of the present time are worthy to be compared to the glory to be
revealed.
5. When our stewardship ends, must an account be given up? It is hence evident,
that the soul survives the body, and is capable of acting and of being dealt with in
a way of wrath or mercy, according to the state in which it goes away; and
hereupon—
6. How great and important a thing is it to die; it being to go in spirit to appear
before God, and give an account of all that we have done in the body, and to be
dealt with accordingly? What is consequent upon it? (Daniel Wilcox.)
Faithful stewardship
In this parable the man was dispossessed from his place because he wasted goods
which did not belong to him. He had been in various ways careless. The particular
nature of his carelessness is not specified; but this is specified—that he was to be
dispossessed because he was not faithful in the management of the property of
another. Our subject, then, is: The use of funds not your own, but intrusted to your
administration or keeping. Men think they have a complete case when they say,
“Here is a power in my hand for a definite end, and I shall use it for that end; but I
find that it is a power which may accomplish more than that: it can do good for more
than the owner. I can use it and derive benefit from it. I can also benefit the
community by my operations. Besides, it will never be known. Therefore men who
are weaker than I will not be tempted by my example to do the same thing. It will
never injure the owner, it will help me, through me it will benefit many others, and
no evil shall come from it.” This would seem to make the thing secure; but let us
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examine the matter.
1. It would not be honest, and therefore it would not be wise, to use other
people’s property for our own benefit, secretly, even if it were safe. If it did them
no harm, if it did you good, and if nobody knew it, it would not be honest. You
have no business to do it under any circumstances. And it does not make it any
better that you have managerial care over property. In that event the sin is even
greater; for you are bound to see to it that it is used for the purposes for which it
was committed to your trust, and not for anything aside from that.
2. No man has a right to put property that is not his own to all the risks of
commerce. What if a man thus employing trust funds does expect, what if he does
mean, so and so? That is nothing. He might as well throw a babe out of a second-
story window, and say that he hoped it would lodge in some tree and not be hurt,
as to endanger the property of others held in trust by him, and say that he hopes
it will not come to any harm. What has that to do with it? The chances are against
its being safe.
3. No man has a right to put his own character for integrity and honesty upon a
commercial venture. No man has a right to enter upon an enterprise where, if he
succeeds, he may escape, but where, if he fails, he is ruined not simply in pocket,
but in character; and yet this is what every man does who uses trust funds for his
own purposes. He takes the risk of destroying himself in the eyes of honest men.
He places his own soul in jeopardy.
4. No man has a right to put in peril the happiness, welfare, and good name of his
family, of the neighbourhood, of the associates and friends with whom he has
walked, of the Church with which he is connected, of his partners in business, of
all that have been related to him.
5. No man has a right to undermine the security of property on which the welfare
of individuals of the community depends in any degree. (H. W.Beecher.)
The Sunday-school teacher—a steward
I. First, then, THE STEWARD. WHAT IS HE?
1. In the first place the steward is a servant. He is one of the greatest of servants,
but he is only a servant. No, we are nothing better than stewards, and we are to
labour for our Master in heaven.
2. But still while the steward is a servant, he is an honourable one. Now, those
who serve Christ in the office of teaching, are honourable men and women.
3. The steward is also a servant who has very great responsibility attached to his
position. A sense of responsibility seems to a right man always a weighty thing.
II. And now, THE ACCOUNT—“Give an account of thy stewardship.” Let us briefly
think of this giving an account of our stewardship.
1. Let us first notice that when we shall come to give an account of our
stewardship before God, that account must be given in personally by every one of
us. While we are here, we talk in the mass; but when we come before God, we
shall have to speak as individuals.
2. And note again, that while this account must be personal it must be exact. You
will not, when you present your account before God, present the gross total, but
every separate item.
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3. Now remember, once again, that the account must be complete. You will not
be allowed to leave out something, you will not be allowed to add anything.
III. And now, though there are many other things I might say, I fear lest I might
weary you, therefore let me notice some occasions when it will be WELL for you all to
give an account of your stewardship; and then notice when you MUST give an
account of it. You know there is a proverb that “short reckonings make long friends,”
and a very true proverb it is. A man will always be at friendship with his conscience
as long as he makes short reckonings with it. It was a good rule of the old Puritans,
that of making frank and full confession of sin every night; not to leave a week’s sin to
be confessed on Saturday night, or Sabbath morning, but to recall the failures,
imperfections, and mistakes of the day, in order that we might learn from one day of
failure how to achieve the victory on the morrow. Then, there are times which
Providence puts in your way, which will be excellent seasons for reckoning. For
instance, every time a boy or girl leaves the school, there is an opportunity afforded
you of thinking. Then there is a peculiar time for casting up accounts when a child
dies. But if you do not do it then, I will tell you when you must; that is when you
come to die. (C. H.Spurgeon.)
A certain rich man had a steward
We learn here incidentally, how evenly balanced are the various conditions of life in a
community, and how little of substantial advantage wealth can confer on its
possessor. As your property increases, your personal control over it diminishes; the
more you possess, the more you must entrust to others. Those who do their own
work are not troubled with disobedient servants; those who look after their own
affairs are not troubled with unfaithful overseers. (W. Arnot.)
Give an account of thy stewardship
An account demanded
1. An account of the blessings received, children of prosperity.
2. An account of the fruit of trial, members of the school of suffering!
3. An account of the time measured out to you, sons of mortality!
4. An account of the message of salvation received, ye that are shined upon by
that light which is most cheering! (Van Oosterzee.)
How much owest thou unto my Lord?—
The obligations of Great Britain to the gospel
I. Our first appeal must be made to rest upon the BROAD BASIS OF OUR
PRIVILEGES AS A NATION. How much, I ask, do we of this land owe to the God of
all mercies, as inheritors of the noble patrimony of a constitutional government; as
dwelling under the shadow of equal law; as enriched with a commerce which allies us
with the most distant extremities of the earth; as honoured, in the great brotherhood
of nations, for our literature, for our science, for our vanguard position in all the
ennobling arts of life; as rich in agencies for promoting the physical and moral
happiness of all classes of our people, providing for the young, the old, the fallen, the
outcast—for the poor a shelter, and for the sick a home; as enjoying a liberty of
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thought and conscience, free as the winds which sweep round our shores, and yet as
having a governing power over the opinions of other nations, which controls more
than half the world? For how much of such blessings we are indebted to our
Christianity, we may admit, it is not easy to determine. Here, then, I rest my first
appeal to your gratitude as possessors of a national Christianity. Religion, says
Burke, is the basis of civil society, and education in its truths is the chief defence of
nations. It hallows the sanctions of law. It puts the seal of heaven on social order. It
ministers to learning and the liberal arts. It strengthens the foundations of civil
liberty. It refines the habits of domestic life. It makes each home that embraces it a
centre of blessing to the neighbourhood, and every country that adorns and honours
it a centre of light unto the world. And this is the religion which by the gospel is
preached unto you. “How much owest thou unto my Lord?”
II. But let me urge a claim upon your gratitude, in the next place, ARISING OUT OF
THAT PURE AND REFORMED FAITH, WHICH IN THIS COUNTRY IT IS OUR
PRIVILEGE TO ENJOY. “How much owest thou unto thy lord,” for the glorious light
and liberty of the Protestant faith, for the recovered independence of our ancient
British Church, for the Protestantism of Ridley, and Latimer, Jewel, and other
faithful men, who witnessed for the truth of God by their teaching, and some of them
with their blood?
1. How much do we owe for a permanent standard of religious faith—for a “form
of sound words” which yet bows implicitly to the decision of the sacred oracles to
approve its soundness?
2. Again, how much do we owe for the clearer views—brought out anew as it were
from the concealment and dust of ages—of the method of a sinner’s acceptance
and justification, through faith in the merits of Christ to deliver, and by the
influences of His Spirit to restore.
3. Again, we owe much to the men of those times for their vindication of the great
principles of political and religious freedom, and the services thereby rendered to
the cause of moral progress in the world.
III. I must not conclude, brethren, without urging upon you one form of gratitude,
which, to those who have experience of it, will be far more constraining than any!
have yet brought before you, I mean THE DEBT WHICH YOU OWE TO THE GOD
OF ALL GRACE AS BEING YOURSELVES PARTAKERS OF THE SPIRIT AND
HOPES OF THE GOSPEL. And I ask how much owest thou for a part in Christ, for a
sense of forgiveness, for the weight lifted off the burdened conscience. (D. Moore, M.
A.)
The universality of debt to God
I. I turn at first TO THE ESTABLISHED CHRISTIAN and ask, How much owest
thou unto my Lord?
II. Is any here A LOVER OF PLEASURE MORE THAN A LOVER OF GOD? How
much owest thou unto my Lord? “He was a man of sorrows and acquainted with
grief.” O will ye defraud Jesus of the travail of His soul, by making an idol of the
world and bowing down before it as before your God?
III. Are any among you offending God, BY DISREGARD OF HIS LAWS, OR
UNBELIEF OF HIS GREAT SALVATION.
IV. There are persons who have DECLINED IN RELIGION. “Ye did run well, who
hath hindered you?” O take with you words of penitence and sorrow, and turn to the
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Lord your God.
V. Once more. LET ME ADDRESS THE AFFLICTED SERVANT OF CHRIST, and
say, How much owest thou unto my Lord? (R. P. Buddicom.)
Man’s debt to his Maker
I. I might remind you, in the first place, of our obligations to God, AS CREATURES
OF HIS HAND. He not only made us, but He preserves us; “in Him we live, and
move, and have our being.” Are there no obligations that we have incurred, in
consequence of our constant reception of these varied mercies at the hands of God?
II. But I proceed to take another view of our subject, and to remind you HOW WE
ARE INDEBTED TO GOD AS SINNERS AGAINST HIS RIGHTEOUS LAW. You will
remember that the blessed Saviour teaches us to look upon sins in the light of debts.
Surely there is none present who would have the hardihood to say that he owes
nothing (Jer_2:22-23).
III. Let me remind you next, of DUTIES THAT HAVE BEEN NEGLECTED. Alas I
how long a list might here be made, in the catalogue of unworthiness, ingratitude,
and guilt! To say nothing of our unprofitableness, under the public ordinances and
means of grace, what says conscience as to our daily communion with God in privacy
and retirement?
IV. I must remind you, further, of OPPORTUNITIES THAT HAVE BEEN
UNIMPROVED. We have, first, the opportunities of gaining good, and then the
opportunities of doing good.
V. But there is yet another view of our subject. How much do we owe unto Him, as
those who have hopes of pardon through His mercy in Christ Jesus? (W. Cadman,
M. A.)
Owing to God
A merchant, who was a God-fearing man, was very successful in business, but his
soul did not seem to prosper accordingly; his offerings to the Lord he did not feel
disposed to increase. One evening he had a remarkable dream; a visitor entered the
apartment, and quietly looking round at the many elegancies and luxuries by which
he was surrounded, without any comment, presented him with the receipts for his
subscriptions to various societies, and urged their claims upon his enlarged
sympathy. The merchant replied with various excuses, and at last grew impatient at
the continued appeals. The stranger rose, and fixing his eye on his companion, said,
in a voice that thrilled to his soul, “One year ago tonight, you thought that your
daughter lay dying; you could not rest for agony. Upon whom did you call that
night?” The merchant started and looked up; there seemed a change to have passed
over the whole form of his visitor, whose eye was fixed upon him with a calm,
penetrating look, as he continued—“Five years ago, when you lay at the brink of the
grave, and-thought that if you died then, you would leave a family unprovided for—
do you remember how you prayed then? Who saved you then?” Pausinga moment, he
went on in a lower and still more impressive tone—“Do you remember, fifteen years
since, that time when you felt yourself so lost, so helpless, so hopeless; when you
spent day and night in prayer; when you thought you would give the world for one
hour’s assurance that your sins were forgiven—who listened to you then?” “It was my
God and Saviour!” said the merchant, with a sudden burst of remorseful feeling; “oh
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yes, it was He!” “And has He ever complained of being called on too often? “ inquired
the stranger, in a voice of reproachful sweetness. “Say—are you willing to begin this
night, and ask no more of Him, if He, from this time, will ask no more of you?” “Oh,
never! never!” said the merchant, throwing himself at his feet. The figure vanished,
and he awoke; his whole soul stirred within him. “O God and Saviour I what have I
been doing! Take all—take everything I What is all that I have, to what Thou hast
done for me? “
2 So he called him in and asked him, ‘What is
this I hear about you? Give an account of your
management, because you cannot be manager
any longer.’
BARNES, "Give an account - Give a statement of your expenses and of your
conduct while you have been steward. This is not to be referred to the day of
judgment. It is a circumstance thrown into the parable to prepare the way for what
follows. It is true that all will be called to give an account at the day of judgment, but
we are not to derive that doctrine from such passages as this, nor are we to interpret
this as teaching that our conscience, or the law, or any beings will “accuse us” in the
day of judgment. All that will be indeed true, but it is not the truth that is taught in
this passage.
CLARKE, "Give an account of thy, etc. - Produce thy books of receipts and
disbursements, that I may see whether the accusation against thee be true or false.
The original may be translated, Give up the business, τον λογον, of the stewardship.
GILL, "And he called him,.... By the prophets, sent one after another; by John
the Baptist, by Christ himself, and by his apostles:
and said unto him, how is it that I hear this of thee? of thy corrupting the
word; of thy covetousness, rapine, and theft; of thy adultery and idolatry, and sad
violation of the law; see Rom_2:21
give an account of thy stewardship: what improvement is made of thy gifts;
what care has been taken of my vineyard, the Jewish church; and where are the fruits
that might be expected to have been received at your hands:
for thou mayest be no longer steward. This was foretold by the prophets, that
God would write a "Loammi" upon the people of the Jews; that he would cut off three
shepherds in one month, and particularly lay aside the idol shepherd, by whom the
Pharisees may be meant, Zec_11:8 and by John the Baptist, who declared the axe was
laid to the root of the tree, and it was just ready to be cut down, Mat_3:10 and by
Christ, that the kingdom of God should be taken from them, Mat_21:43 and by the
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apostles, who turned from them to the Gentiles, Act_13:46.
HENRY, "2. His discharge out of his place. His lord called for him, and said,
“How is it that I hear this of thee? I expected better things from thee.” He speaks as
one sorry to find himself disappointed in him, and under a necessity of dismissing
him from his service: it troubles him to hear it; but the steward cannot deny it, and
therefore there is no remedy, he must make up his accounts; and be gone in a little
time, Luk_16:2. Now this is designed to teach us, (1.) That we must all of us shortly
be discharged from our stewardship in this world; we must not always enjoy those
things which we now enjoy. Death will come, and dismiss us from our stewardship,
will deprive us of the abilities and opportunities we now have of doing good, and
others will come in our places and have the same. (2.) That our discharge from our
stewardship at death is just, and what we have deserved, for we have wasted our
Lord's goods, and thereby forfeited our trust, so that we cannot complain of any
wrong done us. (3.) That when our stewardship is taken from us we must give an
account of it to our Lord: After death the judgment. We are fairly warned both of our
discharge and our account, and ought to be frequently thinking of them.
SBC, "We are God’s stewards our whole life long: each day of our lives, therefore,
claims its own account; each year, as it passes, suggests to us naturally such
reflections, since we reckon our life by years. To many thoughtful men their own
birthdays have been days of solemn self-examination. To many, the last day of the
civil year brings a like reminder. Indeed, popular language recognises in it something
of this power.
I. While our life is full of vigour, such anniversaries, however, invite us to look
forward as well as backward. The end of an old year is the beginning of a new one. To
look back is for a Christian to repent, since the best of us is but a sinner before God;
but repentance should bear fruit in new life. And if we have abused God’s gifts in the
past year, the approaching festival of Christmas with the whole train of holy seasons
that follow one after another, and bringing manifold reminders of God’s love to man,
tells us that there is help in heaven, help ready for us on the earth, if we will even now
turn to God and amend our lives. Advent, Christmas, Passiontide, Easter, Ascension
Day, are not only thankful commemorations before God of glorious things done for
us in past time; they are not only settings forth before man of great events of which
we might neglect to read, or read carelessly, in Scripture. They serve to remind us
also of a God, ever-living and ever-present, able and willing to renew to us daily those
great blessings which our Lord lived and died on earth to win for us all.
II. But as anniversaries multiply upon us, as the years behind us are many, the years
to come few in comparison, my text has a meaning for us which deepens
continually—a meaning which cannot but force itself on the attention of those who
avoid generally serious thoughts. The end of life is in very deed the end of our
stewardship. We know little of the existence appointed for us between death and
judgment. Little has been told us, except in brief and momentous outline of that
which is to come after the Judgment Day. But we have no reason to think that in
either there will be room for further probation for use or misuse of gifts and
opportunities. As we draw near to the end of this earthly life our thoughts are apt to
retrace the space which we have crossed. We find that we have done little, far less
than we might have done, because our own indolence made us decline the task, or
private aims warped and marred our public action. And yet another question remains
which we put to ourselves as we look back on our past life. How have we done our
duty to God in it? Ability to know God and to serve Him is one portion assuredly of
our stewardship; and as we draw near to the end of life, we cannot but ask ourselves
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how we have used it. We alone know—I do not say that we ourselves know perfectly—
whether we have sought to draw near to God, to know, serve, and love Him in real
earnest. In the retrospect of which I have been speaking, there is more of sadness and
less of hope. Little time, little opportunity, remain for amendment. But there is hope
for us still. God’s love, God’s mercy, is inexhaustible. Humbly, trustfully, lovingly, we
must cast all our sins before the throne and commit ourselves to God’s mercy in the
Name of Him who heard and accepted the thief upon the cross.
Archdeacon Palmer, Oxford and Cambridge Journal, Dec. 4th, 1879.
PETT, "The landlord thus calls for him to come to see him and explains what he
has heard about him. Then he tells him that he is intending to replace him and
that he should therefore prepare accounts revealing the details of his
stewardship. The impression given is that he is simply being replaced for
mismanagement, not for open dishonesty. There is no suggestion of any action
being taken against him, but the estate manager’s silence indicates that he is
aware that there is truth in the charges.
BENSON, "Luke 16:2-4. And he called him, and said, How is it that I hear this
of thee — His lord, having called him, told him what was laid to his charge; and
as he did not pretend to deny the accusation, he ordered him to give in his
accounts, because he was determined he should occupy his office no longer. Then
the steward said, What shall I do? — The steward, having heard his doom
pronounced, began to consider with himself, how he should be supported when
he was discarded. He was of a disposition so prodigal, that he had laid up
nothing; he thought himself incapable of bodily labour, (being old, perhaps,) or
could not submit to it, and to beg he was ashamed. He was not, however, as
appears from what follows, ashamed to cheat! This was likewise, says Mr.
Wesley, a sense of honour! “By men called honour, but by angels, pride.” I am
resolved what to do — So he said within himself after a little consideration; a
lucky thought, as he doubtless accounted it, coming into his mind. He was not yet
turned out of his office; he therefore resolved to use his power in such a manner
as to make himself friends, who would succour him in his need. That they may
receive me into their houses — That the tenants or debtors of his lord, who paid
their rents or debts, not in money, but in wheat, oil, or other produce of the
ground they rented or possessed, might give him entertainment in their houses,
or provide for him some other means of subsistence.
NISBET, "CALLED TO ACCOUNT
‘Give an account of thy stewardship; for thou mayest be no longer steward.’
Luke 16:2
We call this parable the Parable of the Unjust Steward—i.e. a fraudulent,
dishonest steward—and such undoubtedly he did become; but not deliberately
dishonest up to the time when his lord called him suddenly to account. He was
accused to his lord that he had wasted his goods; not a purposed and continued
fraud, but a long-continued faithlessness to his trust. He had forgotten that he
was the trustee for his lord’s possessions, and he had lived on neglecting plain
duties, until at last the goods began to perish.
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The man, then, was guilty of being unfaithful to his trust. And it is this that gives
the parable its terrible significance for us.
I. This, then, is the question which each of us has to ask of himself and of his own
life: ‘What manner of steward have I been of those things that my Lord has
entrusted to me?’ God has given each one of us something to do in His household.
Every one of us is, in a larger or smaller degree, a steward of the Lord. Two
great gifts of God, at least, are given to every one—Time and Opportunity.
(a) Time—that fleets so swiftly, and so often unheeded, passing by moments and
days, and running up to years, bringing life to a close, is God’s great trust to
every one of us.
(b) And Opportunity—those moments fraught with blessings and help, or
hindrance and evil, to one’s fellow-men, and which may become the means of
increasing the Master’s goods or of diminishing them.
II. We have to give an account, sooner or later, to our Lord and Master of how
we have used these great gifts, and many another besides; but of these two surely
every one of us has to give an account. Think for a moment of the many
stewardships we all have from time to time given us; and how these stewardships
are terminated—now, at one time, one stewardship, and now, at another time,
another.
(a) There is the parent’s stewardship of the child.
(b) The master, the employer, the statesman, the citizen, who fills any place of
trust, the parish pastor—all who have any charge, any duties, any power or
influence—all these have some great trust of their Lord’s to answer for, and
sooner or later there rests upon each the question: ‘Have I been faithful to my
stewardship?’
If a man has not kept his Lord’s trust, and has to answer to Him for wasted time
and wholly neglected opportunities, how awful must be his account!
—Archbishop Magee.
Illustration
‘In spiritual things, the effective use of stewardship is the being permitted to do
true work for God. The joy of success, the joy of safety, the happiness of
accomplishments, is solemnised, irradiated by the assurance within the soul of its
real and vital union with Christ. “Rejoice not,” Jesus said to His disciples, after
successful exercise of ministry, “rejoice not, that the spirits are subject unto you;
but rather rejoice because your names are written in heaven.” And then, just as
the faithful use of one earthly post finds its reward in opportunities of a greater
and wider field of usefulness, so a true use of the trust of earthly life shall one
day have its exceeding reward in the greater opportunities of what Jesus called
the true riches, even the fuller service and trust of the Kingdom of Heaven. To
one who, in giving account of his stewardship, can show an increase in
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proportion to the trust bestowed, who, receiving five talents, brings other five
talents, or having but two talents yet brings other two talents, Christ will say in
the day of the final account of all stewardship, “Well done, good and faithful
servant.”’
ELLICOTT, "(2) How is it that I hear this of thee?—(1) The opening words of
the steward’s master imply wonder as well as indignation. They remind us so far
of the words of the lord of the vineyard in another parable, “Wherefore, when I
looked that it should bring forth grapes, brought it forth wild grapes?” (Isaiah
5:4). Speaking after the manner of men, it was a marvel and a mystery that men
with so high a calling as the scribes and teachers of Israel should have proved so
unfaithful to their trust. (2) The words that follow, “Give an account of thy
stewardship; for thou mayest be no longer steward,” while they admit
legitimately enough a personal application to each individual at the close of any
period of trust and probation, and therefore at the close of life, are yet far from
being limited to that application, and in their primary significance, do not even
admit it. The close of a stewardship, for a party like the Pharisees—for a school
like that of the scribes—for any Church or section of a Church—is when its day
of judgment comes, when its work in the Kingdom is done, when history, and
God in history, pass their sentence upon it. And that day of judgment was
coming fast upon those who then heard the parable.
3 “The manager said to himself, ‘What shall I
do now? My master is taking away my job. I’m
not strong enough to dig, and I’m ashamed to
beg—
BARNES, "Said within himself - Thought, or considered.
My lord - My master, my employer.
I cannot dig - This may mean either that his employment had been such that he
could not engage in agriculture, not having been acquainted with the business, or
that he was “unwilling” to stoop to so low an employment as to work daily for his
support. “To dig,” here, is the same as to till the earth, to work at daily labor.
To beg - These were the only two ways that presented themselves for a living -
either to work for it, or to beg.
I am ashamed - He was too proud for that. Besides, he was in good health and
strength, and there was no good reason “why” he should beg - nothing which he
could give as a cause for it. It is proper for the sick, the lame, and the feeble to beg;
but it is “not” well for the able-bodied to do it, nor is it well to aid them, except by
giving them employment, and compelling them to work for a living. He does a beggar
who is able to work the most real kindness who sets him to work, and, as a general
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rule, we should not aid an able-bodied man or woman in any other way. Set them to
work, and pay them a fair compensation, and you do them good in two ways, for the
habit of labor may be of more value to them than the price you pay them.
CLARKE, "I cannot dig - He could not submit to become a common day-
laborer, which was both a severe and base employment: To beg I am ashamed. And
as these were the only honest ways left him to procure a morsel of bread, and he
would not submit to either, he found he must continue the system of knavery, in
order to provide for his idleness and luxury, or else starve. Wo to the man who gets
his bread in this way! The curse of the Lord must be on his head, and on his heart; in
his basket, and is his store.
GILL, "Then the steward said within himself,.... As the Scribes and Pharisees
were wont to do, Mat_3:9
what shall I do? he does not say, what will become of me? I am undone, and what
shall I do to be saved? or what shall I do for my Lord and Master I have so much
injured? or what shall I do to make up matters with him? or what account shall I
give? but what shall I do for a maintenance? how shall I live? what shall I do to please
men, and gain their opinion and good will, and so be provided for by them? of this
cast were the Pharisees, men pleasers, and self-seekers:
for my Lord taketh away from me the stewardship: the priesthood was
changed, and there was a change also of the law; the ceremonial law was abrogated,
and the ordinances of the former dispensation were shaken and removed; so that
these men must of course turn out of their places and offices:
I cannot dig; or "plough", as the Arabic version renders it; or do any part of
husbandry, particularly that which lies in manuring and cultivating the earth; not but
that he was able to do it; but he could not tell how to submit to such a mean, as well
as laborious way of life; for nothing was meaner among the Jews than husbandry:
they have a saying, that ‫הקרקע‬ ‫מן‬ ‫פחותה‬ ‫אומנות‬ ‫לך‬ ‫,אין‬ "you have no trade", or business,
"lesser", or meaner "than husbandry" (g):
and to beg I am ashamed; for nothing could be more disagreeable, to one who
had lived so well in his master's house, and in so much fulness and luxury, as the
Scribes and Pharisees did. The Jews have a saying, that (h).
"want of necessaries, ‫משאלתו‬ ‫,טוב‬ "is better than begging": (and says one) I have tasted
the bitterness of all things, and I have not found any thing more bitter "than
begging:"''
and which was literally true of the Jews, after the destruction of Jerusalem; when
multitudes of them were condemned to work in the mines; and vast numbers were
scattered about every where as vagabonds, begging their bread; both which were very
irksome to that people: though both these phrases may be mystically understood:
and "digging" may intend a laborious searching into the Scriptures, and a diligent
performance of good works: neither of which the Pharisees much cared for, though
they made large pretensions to both; nor did they dig deep to lay a good foundation
whereon to build eternal life and happiness: nor could they attain to the law of
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righteousness by all their toil and labour, they would be thought to have taken: and
for "begging", they were above that: read the Pharisee's prayer in Luk_18:11 and you
will not find one petition in it. To ask any thing at the throne of grace, in a way of
mere grace and favour, and not merit: or to beg any thing at the hands of Christ, as
life, righteousness, pardon, cleansing, healing, food, &c. they were ashamed of, and
cared not for.
HENRY, "3. His after-wisdom. Now he began to consider, What shall I do? Luk_
16:3. He would have done well to have considered this before he had so foolishly
thrown himself out of a good place by his unfaithfulness; but it is better to consider
late than never. Note, Since we have all received notice that we must shortly be
turned out of our stewardship, we are concerned to consider what we shall do then.
He must live; which way shall he have a livelihood? (1.) He knows that he has not
such a degree of industry in him as to get his living by work: “I cannot dig; I cannot
earn by bread by my labour.” But why can he not dig? It does not appear that he is
either old or lame; but the truth is, he is lazy. His cannot is a will not; it is not a
natural but a moral disability that he labours under; if his master, when he turned
him out of the stewardship, had continued him in his service as a labourer, and set a
task-master over him, he would have made him dig. He cannot dig, for he was never
used to it. Now this intimates that we cannot get a livelihood for our souls by any
labour for this world, nor indeed do any thing to purpose for our souls by any ability
of our own. (2.) He knows that he has not such a degree of humility as to get his
bread by begging: To beg I am ashamed. This was the language of his pride, as the
former of his slothfulness. Those whom God, in his providence, has disabled to help
themselves, should not be ashamed to ask relief of others. This steward had more
reason to be ashamed of cheating his master than of begging his bread.
JAMISON, "cannot dig ... to beg, ashamed — therefore, when dismissed,
shall be in utter want.
PETT, "This makes the estate manager consider his position. He realises that he
is not capable of manual work, and he certainly does not like the idea of begging.
Thus he engages in deep thought. The question is, how can he find compatible
employment elsewhere?
LIGHTFOOT, "[I cannot dig, to beg I am ashamed.] Is there not some third
thing betwixt digging and begging? The distinction betwixt artificers and
labourers, mentioned in Bava Mezia, hath place here. This steward, having
conversed only with husbandmen, must be supposed skilled in no other
handicraft; but that if he should be forced to seek a livelihood, he must be
necessitated to apply himself to digging in the vineyards, or fields, or olive-yards.
ELLICOTT, "(3) I cannot dig; to beg I am ashamed.—In the outer framework
of the parable there is something eminently characteristic in this utterance of the
steward’s thoughts. He has lost the manliness and strength which would have
fitted him for actual labour. He retains the false shame which makes him prefer
fraud to poverty. He shudders at the thought that it might be his lot to sit, like
Lazarus, and ask an alms at the rich man’s door. Spiritually, we may see what
happens to a religious caste or order, like the Pharisees, when it forfeits its true
31

calling by misuse. It has lost the power to prepare the ground for future
fruitfulness by the “digging,” which answers, as in Luke 13:8, to the preliminary
work of education and other influences that lie outside direct religious activity. It
is religious and ecclesiastical, or it is nothing. It is ashamed to confess its spiritual
poverty, and to own that it is “poor, and blind, and naked” (Revelation 3:17).
Anything seems better than either of those alternatives.
4 I know what I’ll do so that, when I lose my
job here, people will welcome me into their
houses.’
BARNES, "I am resolved - He thought of his condition. He looked at the plans
which occurred to him. He had been dishonest, and knew that he must lose his place.
It would have been better to have “considered before this,” and resolved on a proper
course of life, and to be faithful to his trust; and his perplexity here teaches us that
dishonesty will sooner or later lead us into difficulty, and that the path of honesty is
not only the “right” path, but is the path that is filled with most comfort and peace.
When I am put out ... - When I lose my place, and have no home and means of
support.
They may receive me ... - Those who are now under me, and whom I am
resolved now to favor. He had been dishonest to his master, and, having
“commenced” a course of dishonesty, he did not shrink from pursuing it. Having
injured his master, and being now detected, he was willing still farther to injure him,
to take revenge on him for removing him from his place, and to secure his own
interest still at his expense. He was resolved to lay these persons under such
obligations, and to show them so much kindness, that they could not well refuse to
return the kindness to him and give him a support. We may learn here,
1. That one sin leads on to another, and that one act of dishonesty will be followed
by many more, if there is opportunity.
2. Men who commit one sin cannot get along “consistently” without committing
many more. One lie will demand many more to make it “appear” like the truth,
and one act of cheating will demand many more to avoid detection. The
beginning of sin is like the letting out of waters, and no man knows, if he
indulges in one sin, where it will end.
3. Sinners are selfish. They care more about “themselves” than they do either
about God or truth. If they seek salvation, it is only for selfish ends, and
because they desire a comfortable “abode” in the future world rather than
because they have any regard to God or his cause.
CLARKE, "They may receive me - That is, the debtors and tenants, who paid
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