LET Reviewer - Philippine History MCQs

Maglente Reviewand Training Center
LET Reviewer
Social Science – Philippine History
Preparedby: BonifacioGlennG.Rivera, Jr.
(First,ask the revieweeswhere theycome from... Whoare from Aroroy, Cataingan, Dimasalang,
Palanas, Mobo, TIONGSONSUBD. See listof municipalitiesbelow)
City/Municipality
No. of
Barangays
Area
(km²)[5]
Population
(2010)[6]
Mayor
(2013–2016)
Vice-Mayor
(2013–2016)
Aroroy 41 440.30 76,139 Enrico Z. Capinig
Manuel L. Valera,
Jr.
Baleno 24 204.38 24,401
Romeo C. Dela
Rosa
Romeo M. Cabug
Balud 32 231.00 35,841 Ruben Jude D. Lim
Clemente A.
Arguelles, Jr.
Batuan 14 56.28 13,764 Charlie D. Yuson III
Remegio C.
Cebu, Jr.
Cataingan 37 191.64 49,078 Wilton T. Kho
George A.
Gonzales, Jr.
Cawayan 37 260.19 63,115 Edgar S. Condor
Ramon B.
Abinuman
Claveria 22 182.98 41,572
Henedina V.
Andueza
Froilan V.
Andueza

City/Municipality
No. of
Barangays
Area
(km²)[5]
Population
(2010)[6]
Mayor
(2013–2016)
Vice-Mayor
(2013–2016)
Dimasalang 20 148.07 25,245 Henry J. Naga
Michael Demph
D. Naga
Esperanza 20 67.49 17,357
Ian Peter S.
Sepulveda
Ramon A. Diamos
Mandaon 26 280.80 38,161
Kristine Salve E.
Hao
Jonalyn R. Rana
Masbate City 30 188.00 85,227 Rowena R. Tuason Ruby M. Sanchez
Milagros 27 565.30 52,619
Natividad Isabel R.
Magbalon
Jose S.
Magbalon, Jr.
Mobo 29 143.47 34,896 Percival D. Castillo
Marife D.
Lupango
Monreal 11 128.67 25,366 Ben G. Espiloy Romeo L. Grona
Palanas 24 171.10 25,501 Rudy L. Alvarez
Alfonso S. Son,
Jr.
Pio V. Corpuz 18 89.33 23,292 Allan T. Lepasana
Eugenio T. Avila,
Jr.
Placer 35 193.03 55,438
Joshur Judd S.
Lanete II
Nilo V. Du

City/Municipality
No. of
Barangays
Area
(km²)[5]
Population
(2010)[6]
Mayor
(2013–2016)
Vice-Mayor
(2013–2016)
San Fernando 26 77.50 21,309
Narciso R. Bravo,
Jr.
Arturo A. Uy
San Jacinto 21 122.40 27,974 Leny A. Arcenas Sanny A. Dejumo
San Pascual 22 246.65 44,753 Zacarina A. Lazaro
Haira A. Lazaro-
Rivera
Uson 36 163.20 53,602
Salvadora O.
Sanchez
Felipe U.
Sanchez
Note:Pwede ninyongkopyahin sa USB FlashDrive ang filesko. Medyomarami ito kaya hindi ko mai-
didiscusslahat. Sa mga itemso choices na hindi ko na-research,paki-researchna lang nang sa inyo.
Salamat.
Pwede nyo akong i-addsa Facebook@ deanaure_riviere@yahoo.comGlennRivera.
Majority of the questionswere derivedfrom the SanBeda College Alumniwebsite’sentryon100
SignificantEventsinPhilippine History -
http://www.beda7882.com/100_significant_events_in_%20Phil_history.htm
Many of the entrieswere verifiedandeditedthrough various historical sources like the NHCP or the
National Historical Commissionof the Philippines,XiaoChua,historian, Maria Christine Halili’s
Philippine HistoryBook, Wikipediawebpages,amongothers.
1. During andafter the 10th
century,whichnationalitydominatedPhilippine commerce?
A. Indians C. Americans
B. Chinese D. Arabs
The 10th century is the period from 901 to 1000 in accordance with the Julian calendar
Basedon M.C. Halili’sBookentitled“PhilippineHistory”:
Historicallyspeaking,Sino-Philippinerelationsbeganinthe 10th
centuryA.D.The earliestknown
authenticdate of these relationswas982 A.D.,whenseveral tradersfromMa-yi (believedtoinclude
Mindoro,Batangas,Manila,and Pampanga) arrivedinCantonboardon an Arab shipandsoldtheir
valuable merchandise.Ma-Tuan-lin,aChinese chronicler,includedthisdetail inhisWenShiannTung
Kao (Genral Investigationonthe Chinese Cultural Sources). This was noted by the Sung Shih (History
of the Sung)

However, actual trade between China and the proto-Philippine states probably started much earlier.
2. In whichpart of the PhilippinesdidMakhdum andotherArabtradersconduct trade and preach Islam
whentheyfirstsetfootinthe country duringthe 14th
Century?
A. Cebu C. Sulu
B. Samar D. Maguindanao
Long name isKarim ul Makhdum
Makhdum Karim was a 14th-century Arab trader who brought Islam to the Philippines, in 1380.
3. 1. WhendidFerdinandMagellanarrive in the Philippines?
A. March 1521 C. May 1521
B. April 1521 D. June 1521
On March 17, 1521 (Some sources say it’s March 16, 1521) Ferdinand Magellan’s
expedition landed on Homonhon Island in the Philippines. He was the first European to
reach the islands.
Ferdinand Magellan
Magellan’s expedition started when he proposed to the King of Spain Charles I that he
will search for westward route to the Spice Islands of Indonesia. With 5 ships under his
command (Trinidad, San Antonio, Concepcion, Victoria and Santiago), he left Seville
Spain and started the journey to the Spice Island. Magellan had survived 18 months at
the sea but was unfortunately killed in the Battle of Mactan in the Philippines.
Magellan’s expedition has contributed to the world’s field of navigation. His expedition
was the first to circumnavigate the world and was also the first to navigate the strait in
South America connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. But here in the Philippines,
his expedition paved the way for Spanish colonization that leaved important influences in
the lives of the Filipinos.
Ferdinand Magellan (Portuguese: Fernão de Magalhães, IPA:[fɨɾˈnɐ̃wðɨ
mɐɣɐˈʎɐ̃jʃ]; Spanish: Fernando de Magallanes, IPA: [ferˈnando ðe maɣaˈʎanes]; c. 1480 – 27 April
1521) was a Portuguese explorer who became known for having organised the expedition that
resulted in the first circumnavigation of the Earth completed by Juan Sebastián Elcano. He was born

in a still disputed location in northern Portugal, and served King Charles I of Spain in search of a
westward route to the "Spice Islands" (modern Maluku Islands in Indonesia).
Magellan's expedition of 1519–1522 became the first expedition to sail from the Atlantic Ocean into
the Pacific Ocean (then named "peaceful sea" by Magellan; the passage being made via the Strait of
Magellan), and the first to cross the Pacific. His expedition completed the first circumnavigation of
the Earth. Magellan did not complete the entire voyage, as he was killed during the Battle of
Mactan in the Philippines. (For background see Exploration of the Pacific.)
The Magellanic Penguin was named for him, as he was the first European to note it;[1] other
memorials are the Magellanic clouds, now known to be nearbydwarf galaxies; the twin lunar craters
of Magelhaens and Magelhaens A; and the Martian crater of Magelhaens.[2]
On 17 March Magellan reached the island of Homonhon in the Philippines, with 150 crew left.
Members of his expedition became the first Spaniards to reach the Philippine archipelago, but they
were not the first Europeans.[20]
4. 2. On March 31, 1521, the first mass in the Philippineswasheld inwhich islandin SouthernLeyte?
A. Basey C. Ormoc
B. Mactan D. Limasawa
National Historical Commissionof the Philippines

DECLARATION OF LIMASAWA ISLAND AS
NATIONAL SHRINE
Malacañang
Manila
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 2733 (Enacted without Executive approval, June 19, 1960.)
AN ACT TO DECLARE THE SITE IN MAGALLANES, LIMASAWA ISLAND IN THE
PROVINCE OF LEYTE, WHERE THE FIRST MASS IN THE PHILIPPINES WASHELD AS A
NATIONAL SHRINE, TO PROVIDE FOR THE PRESERVATION OF HISTORICAL
MONUMENTS AND LANDMARKS THEREAT, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.
Be enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled:
Section 1. The site in Magallanes, Limasawa Island in the Province of Leyte, where the First Mass in
the Philippines was held is hereby declared a national shrine to commemorate the birth of
Christianity in the Philippines.
First Mass at Limasawa
1960s
Carlos “Botong” Francisco
The mural depicts Fr. Pedro Valderrama officiating
the mass in an improvised altar in the presence of
Ferdinand Magellan, Pigafetta (chronicler of
Magellan), Spanish soldiers, and the natives in awe.
Another fine example of a historical painting is the
First Mass at Limasawa by Botong Francisco. The artwork, which was commissioned by the national
government, was created to commemorate the 400 years of Philippine Christianization which was
held in Cebu in 1965.
Based on an Inquirer article:

The decades-old Limasawa vs Masao dispute was officiallysettled in March 1998 when the National Historical
Institute (NHI) ruled for Limasawa.
Vicente Calibo de Jesus
Aug 20, 2011
1953. The National Historical Institute, then known as National Historical Committee, made a ruling that
based on a remark by Jayme de Veyra who chanced upon it from the writing of Dr. H. Trinidad Pardo de
Tavera, the "site of the first mass" was Limasawa.
The word "Limasaua" first came into being in the book of Jesuit chronicler Fr. Francisco Combés,
S.J., Historia de las Islas de Mindanao, Iolo, y sus adyacentes...Madrid: Herederos de Pablo de Val,
1667.
1899. First time "Limasawa first mass" was ever asserted. Spanish translation of Carlo Amoretti by
Manuel Walls y Merino which was read by Philippine historians and scholars of that time and thus was
source of their notions of Magellan's voyage. The image above comes from the Harvard website,
athttp://pds.lib.harvard.edu/pds/view/11301550?n=1&imagesize=1200&jp2Res=.25&printThumbnails=no.
Note 67 on Page 135, Walls asserts Antonio Pigafetta's account states the "first mass" was celebrated in
an isle that is now called "Limasaua." In fact nowhere does Pigafetta say the "first mass" was held at
Limasaua. The word "Limasaua" is not found in any firsthand or secondhand account of Magellan's
voyage. It was invented in 1667 by Fr. Francisco Combes. And in the Limasaua story of Combes
nowhere is there even a mention of a mass on 31 March 1521. Philippine historians, writers, scholars
have uncritically adopted Walls' assertion. But most don't even know it comes from Walls; few living
historians have read his edition of Amoretti.
 Other Sourceslike Sonia Zaide’sbook claim that the first mass in the Philippineswasheldin
Masao, Butuan Zaide, Sonia M (2006), The Philippines: A Unique Nation, All-Nations Publishing
Co Inc, Quezon City, ISBN 971-642-071-4.
On Easter Sunday, 31 March 1521, at Masao, Butuan, (now inAgusan del Norte), Magellan solemnly
planted a cross on the summit of a hill overlooking the sea and claimed possession of the islands he
had seen for the king of Spain, naming themArchipelago of Saint Lazarus.[2]
MC Halili also wrote that the mass was held in Masao, Butuan.
Primary and secondary sources point to Mazaua, not Limasawa and not Butuan, as the port where
an Easter Sunday mass was held on March 31, 1521. The description of present-day Limasawa
does not fit the geologic, geographic, geomorphologic, archaeologic, histriographic categories
of Mazaua as described and explained in the eyewitness chronicles of Antonio Pigafetta, Ginés de
Mafra, Francisco Albo, The Genoese Pilot, Martín de Ayamonte, as well as the secondhand
accounts of Antonio de Brito, Andrés de San Martín, Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas,
and Maximilianus Transylvanus. Up to this time, there is still debate on where Mazaua is.
According to Vicente Calibo de Jesus, a historian.

The "first mass" did not take place in Butuan nor Limasawa nor anywhere else other than the island-port
named Mazaua.
https://plus.google.com/photos/103135314023445858830/albums/5642491277077947857?banner=p
wa
Mazaua is the name of a Philippine island-port where Ferdinand Magellan and his Armada de
Molucca fleet of threenaos anchored from March 28 to April 4, 1521. At present, historians and
scientists are still searching for the exact location of the said island as depicted by chronicles
of Antonio Pigafetta, with the hope of resolving debated issues ascribed on the matter.
de Jesuswrote an article in Wikipediaentitled: First Mass in the
Philippines
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:First_mass_in_the_Philippines#Jose_P._Rizal_in_the_making_of_th
e_Limasawa_hoax
Dito mababasa ang iba’t ibang bersyon ng mga historian sa sinasabingpinagdausan ng pinaka-unang
misa sa Pilipinas.
Amoretti's erroneous dictum Amoretti's ex cathedra conjecture reached Philippine historians a
century later. They rephrased Amoretti's erroneous assertion, dropped his name, and asserted that
"the first mass in the Philippines was held at Limasawa." This is why you won't see the name of
Amoretti in any work by Philippine historians and historiographers; in a sense they appropriated his
idea. This obscuration (the suppression of Amoretti's authorship) has impeded our being able to
detect earlier the erroneous manipulation by Amoretti of his source, Bellin, who like himself, was
completely ignorant of what "Limasawa" stood for.
National Historical Institute's acceptance of above historiography In 1996 the above
historiography was presented to the NHI which was reinvestigating for the fourth (4th) time the
religious question of where a mass was held on March 31, 1521. On December 17, 1996, during a
morning session, the NHI accepted the Gines de Mafra account which heretofore was never part of
the discussion. It also accepted the rest of my arguments, explanation, and evidences as briefly
recounted above.
NHI dismisses Gines de Mafra as fake In March 1998 NHI dismissed de Mafra as fake. It reverted
the discussion to pre-de Mafra context, i.e., NHI put up the erroneous Ramusio "Butuan" story and
proclaimed Butuan cannot be Mazaua. Since it is not Butuan, therefore, it is Limasawa. NHI up to
now insists the argument is still, "Where is the site of the first mass, Butuan or Limasawa?" As I have
explained in my paper read at the U.S. Library of Congress, that false dilemma limits the reader to
two false options, Butuan which was never the port, which is not an island, and which is the result of
a translation error. And the other choice, Limasawa, is an isle which has no port for sailing ships, is a
word coined by its inventor who hadn't read a single primary source and rejected the true story of
Herrera.

Who wrote NHI's rejection? The following: retired Associate Justice Emilio Gancayco, Dr. Ma.
Luisa T. Camagay, Atty. Bartolome C. FernandezJr., Dr. Samuel K. Tan, Asst. Dir. Emelita V.
Almosara, and Dr. Augusto V. de Viana. Who's keeping its effectiveness as an official stand of NHI:
current Chair-Executive Director Ambeth R. Ocampo who, in a letter he signed on 27 March 2006
declared, "[The] Institute maintains that the first mass took place in Limasawa based on
existing NHI resolution."
A 10-year-old hoax The NHI is supposed to seek the truth and proclaim it. For ten years now it has
held on to its falsehood, that Fr. Francisco Combes's "Limassaua" is Antonio Pigafetta's Mazaua.
It clings to a stance that is best described by the Latin maxim, "Suppresio veri, assertio falsi" (The
suppression of truth is an assertion of falsehood.)
Basedon http://benjoatobutuancity.blogspot.com:
First Mass in the Philippines: Where did it really happen?
The exact location of the first mass has been disputed for decades,
primarily between two locations: Limasawa, and Masao, Butuan.
In the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, the spot of the first mass
was believed to be Masao, Butuan, with even a marker commemorating
the event installed there in 1872. The claim was founded on two works: the
Labor evangelica of Francisco Colin, S.J., pubslihed in Madrid in 1663;
and the Historia de Mindanao y Jolo by Francisco Combes, S.J., also
published in Madrid in 1667. While Combes did not mention the first mass
at all in his account, Colin claims that it was held in Masao; Combes only
notes that the planting of the cross , which was done at the same time as
the Mass, was done in Masao.
Later historians until the nineteenth century, such as Fray Joaquin
Martinez de Zuniga to John Foreman and Wenceslao Retana, would base
their works on these accounts and further strengthen the Masao claim.

It was only with the publication of Antonio Pigafetta's account of the
expedition in the Ambrosian Codex in 1894 that opinions started to favor
the Limasawa claim. Citing evidence such as the maps made by Pigafetta,
the geographical description of the island, and the Albo logbook, later
historians such as Trindad Pardo de Tavera; Pablo Pastells, S.J.;
and Emma Blair and James Robertson came to support the Limasawa
claim.
However, those of the pro-Butuan camp would continue to dispute
the Limasawa claim. Independent scholar Vicente C. De Jesus said that
these historians do not consider the eyewitness account of Gines de Mafra,
one of the voyagers, which bolsters the Butuan claim. He would also claim
that some parts of the Ambrosiana Codex, on which the Limasawa claim
was founded, was largely mistranslated.
Historian Gregorio Zaide, who originally supported the Limasawa
claim, also claimed that
“It is high time for contemporary historians and the Philippine
government to correct their mistake and accept that the first Christian
mass was celebrated in Masao, Butuan, Agusan del Norte and not in
Limasawa, Leyte, on Easter Sunday, March 31, 1521.”

Buod Promontory in Libertad. The place believed to be where the cross
of the first mass was planted.
In the preface of his later works. Other historians, like then National
Historical Institute Chairman Esteban A. de Ocampo and Far Eastern
University Professor Celedonio O. Resurrecion also acknolwedged the
mistake.
This led the NHI to convene a symposium on the issue at
the National Library in June 1997. However, the NHI ruled in favor of the
Limasawa claim one year later.
Until today, Butuan still separately commemorates the anniversary
of the first mass.
Basedon http://amazingbutuan.blogspot.com/
The issue sparks when Dr. Gregorio Zaide and his daughter, Sonia, in severaleditions during the
1980sof their widely-disseminated history textbook, insistedthat the recordedFirst Mass was held
in Masao, Butuan and in the process, dismissed the Limasawa claim as erroneous.
The First Mass controversycontinuesand historian expertshave been calledto intervene in its hope
to settle the dispute. Over the years, it came to a point when the National Historical Institute, in a
decision handed out a few yearsback, had ruled that the recordedFirst Mass in the Philippines was
indeed held in Limasawa Island.
However, the Butuan Cultural and HistoricalFoundation Incorporatedwouldnot rest the case
without putting up a goodfight. Mr. Greg Hontiveros, a local historian who authored two books,
“Butuan in Thousand Years” and “A Fire on the Island” stressed, that it is only here in the
Philippines who legislates history that makes Republic Act 2733, AN ACT TODECLARE THE SITE
IN MAGALLANES, LIMASAWA ISLANDIN THE PROVINCEOF LEYTE, WHERE THEFIRST
MASS IN THE PHILIPPINES WAS HELD AS A NATIONALSHRINE, TOPROVIDE FOR THE
PRESERVATION OF HISTORICALMONUMENTS ANDLANDMARKS a mistake committedby the
government.
5. What significanteventinPhilippine historyhappenedonApril 27,1521?
A. Death of FerdinandMagellan C. Birthof SultanKudarat
B. Deathof Lapu-Lapu D. Birthof Dr. Jose Rizal (June 19, 1861)
Rajah Humabon of Cebu was friendly towards Magellan and the Spaniards; both he and his queen
Hara Amihan were baptized as Christians and were given the image of the Santo Ninowhich along

with a cross (Magellan's Cross) symbolizes the christianization of the Philippines. Afterward, Rajah
Humabon and his ally Datu Zula convinced Magellan to kill their enemy, Datu Lapu-Lapu, on
Mactan. Magellan wanted to convert Lapu-Lapu to Christianity, as he had Humabon, but Lapu-Lapu
rejected that.

6. 3. Whichfamous Spanishconquistador landedin Cebuin 1565, which marked the beginningof
Spanish dominioninthe Philippinesashe later establishedthe seat ofSpanish colonial governmentin
Manila?
A. Ferdinand Magellan C. Miguel Lopezde Legazpi
B. Ruy Lopezde Villalobos D. Marco Polo

Miguel López de Legazpi[1]
(c. 1502 – August 20, 1572), also known as El Adelantado and El
Viejo (The Elder), was a Basque Spanish navigator and governor who established the first Spanish
settlement in the East Indies when his expedition crossed the Pacific Ocean from the Viceroyalty of
New Spain in modern-day Mexico, and founded Cebu on the Philippine Islands in 1565. He was the
first Governor-General of Spanish East Indies which included the Philippines and other Pacific
archipelagos, namely Guam and the Marianas Islands. After obtaining peace with various
indigenous tribes, Miguel López de Legazpi made Manila the capital of the Spanish East Indies in
1571.[1]
EncyclopediaBritannica
Miguel López de Legazpi, (born c. 1510, Zumárraga, Spain—died Aug. 20, 1572, Manila,
Phil.), Spanish explorer who established Spain’s dominion over the Philippines that lasted until the
Spanish-American War of 1898.
Legazpi went to New Spain (Mexico) in 1545, serving for a time as clerk in the local government.
Although Ferdinand Magellan had discovered the Philippine archipelago in 1521, no European
settlements had been made there, so Luis de Velasco, the viceroy of New Spain, sent Legazpi to
claim it in 1564. He left Acapulco with five ships and reached Cebu, one of the southern islands of
the archipelago, in April 1565, founding the first Spanish settlement on the site of modern Cebu City.
Legazpi served as the first governor of the Philippines, from 1565 until his death. In 1570 he sent an
expedition to the northern island of Luzon, arriving there himself the next year. After deposing a local
Muslim ruler, in 1571 he established the city of Manila, which became the capital of the new Spanish
colony and Spain’s major trading port in East Asia.

7. 4. Where didthe famousblood compact inMarch 1565 betweenSpanishCaptain General Legazpi
and Rajah Sikatuna happen?
A. Bohol C. Samar
B. Cebu D. Leyte

8. 5. For how many years did Dagohoy’s revoltlast?
A. 75 C. 95
B. 85 D. 105
Francisco Dagohoy, (born Francisco Sendrijas) was a Boholano who holds the distinction of
having led the longest revolt in Philippine history, the Dagohoy Rebellion. This rebellion against the
Spanish colonial government took place in the island of Bohol from 1744 to 1829,[1]
or 85 years. He
was a cabeza de barangay of Inabanga, Bohol.

In 1744, Gaspar Morales, the Jesuit curate of Inabanga, ordered Francisco's brother, Sagarino, who
was a constable, to capture an apostate fugitive. Sagarino pursued the fugitive, but the latter
resisted and killed him. Morales refused to give him a Christian burial because he had died in a duel,
a practice banned by the Church.
Unlike the Tamblot revolt, the Dagohoy rebellion was not a religious conflict. Rather, it was like most
of the early revolts which were ignited by forced labor, Spanish oppression, bandala, excessive tax
collection and payment of tributes.[3]
On top of these injustices of the Jesuit priests, what triggered
Dagohoy most was the refusal of the Jesuit priest, Father Gaspar Morales, to give a Christian burial
to his brother who died in service while chasing a fugitive who went against Christianity. This
provided the impetus for Dagohoy to call upon his fellow Boholanos to raise arms against the
oppressors. The rebellion outlasted several Spanish Governors General and several missions.[3]
Being so infuriated with the priest, he instigated the people to rise in arms. The signal of the uprising
was the killing of FatherGiuseppe Lamberti, Italian Jesuit curate of Jagna on January 24, 1744.
Shortly afterwards, Morales was killed by Dagohoy. The rebellion rolled over the whole island like a
tropical typhoon. Bishop Miguel Lino de Espeleta of Cebu, who exercised ecclesiastical authority
over Bohol, tried vainly to mollify the rebellious Boholanos.
In 1829, the rebellionfinallyended.....

9. 6. The Spanishgovernmentestablishedthisfor businesspurposes in1781 (Correction:1782, March
1, 1782). It servedas a big source of revenue forthe Spanishgovernmentuntil it was closedin 1882.
During the period, its farms and plants in the country increasedand employedmany Filipinosas
farmers and factory workers. Whichmonopoly was this?
A. Sugarmonopoly C. Tobacco monopoly
B. Coffee monopoly D. Coconutmonopoly

10. Whichgovernor general issueda decree on November21, 1849 that providedfor the use of
Spanish surnamesby Filipinosto facilitate census,tax collectionand administration?
A. EulogioDespujol(Orderedthe Exile of Rizal toDapitan) C.Miguel Lopezde Legazpi (FirstGovGen)
B. Jose Basco y Vargas (Tobacco Monopoly) D. Governor NarcisoClaveria y Zaldua
Narciso Clavería y Zaldúa (May 2, 1795 – June 20, 1851) was a Spanish army officer who served
as the Governor-General of the Philippines from July 16, 1844 to December 26, 1849.
During his term in the country, he tried to give the Islands a government as good as that of modern
Spain. He traveled through many provinces trying to learn the needs of Filipinos. He encouraged
agriculture, improved the streets and suburbs of Manila, and succeeded in helping the country.[2] He
was given the title Count of Manila.[1] The towns of Claveria in Misamis
Oriental province,Claveria in Masbate province, and Claveria in Cagayan province were named in
his honor.[3]
The Catálogo alfabético de apellidos (English: Alphabetical Catalog of
Surnames, Tagalog: Alpabetikong Katalogo ng mga Apelyido or Katitikang Talaan ng mga
Pangalang angkan) is a book of surnames published in the Philippines and other islands of Spanish
East Indies in the mid-19th century. This was in response to a Spanish colonial decree establishing
the distribution of Spanish family names and local surnames among the inhabitants of the
Philippines who did not have a prior surname.
The book was created after Spanish Governor General Narciso Clavería y Zaldúa issued a decree
on November 21, 1849. Following the Christianisation of the Philippines, many Filipinos chose

surnames such as de los Santos, de la Cruz, del Rosario, and Bautista for their religious
significance; even today these surnames are perhaps the most common.
11. It was foundedin1832 as a religiouscult inTayabas which attracted many membersand alarmed
the government.It was disbandedafter one of its prominentleaders,Apolinariode la Cruz or
Hermano Pule,was killedby the governmentforces on November4, 1841. What group was this?
A. Hospiciode SanJose C. Cofradiade San Juan (Gawa gawalang)
B. Cofradia de San Jose D. Hospiciode San Juan (Gawa gawalang)
Hospicio de San José is a Roman Catholic welfare institution in the City of Manila, the Philippines.
It is the first social welfare agency in the country, and as a foster care institution has been a home
for orphans, the abandoned, special needs, and the elderly.[1]
Initially named the Hospicio General (General Hospice), Hospicio de San José was established
during the Spanish Era in October 1778 by Don Francisco Gómez Enríquez and his wife Doña
Barbara Verzosa. After being cured of a fever, Don Gómez Enríquez donated the sum of ₱ 4,000 to
found the hospice that would take care of Manila’s “poor and unwanted children”, the physically and
mentally handicapped, and aging people. The initiative and example of Don Gómez Enríquez was
followed by other charitable people of Manila.
Tayabas isnowQuezonProvince.
Death[edit]
Pule fled to Barrio Gibanga but was captured by authorities the following evening. On November 4,
1841, after a brief trial held at the present Casa Comunidad, he was executed by a firing squad at
the town of Tayabas, at the age of 26. After he was killed, the authorities "quartered" his body, cut off
his head and placed it on a stake as a warning to those who are similarly inclined. A monument in
his honor now stands in Brgy. Isabang, Tayabas City, and his death anniversary is a holiday in
Quezon Province. Hermano Pule may have influenced Father Jose Burgos--who was executed in
1872--to demand for racial equality in the clergy.
Basedon http://nhcp.gov.ph/ - National Historical Commissionof the Philippines
Hermano Pule and the Cofradia de San Jose
The Cofradia de San Jose would not come into being without its founder Apolinario de la
Cruz. This charismatic leader and future founder of the Cofradia was born on July 22, 1815
in Lucban, Tayabas province (now Quezon) of relatively well-to-do peasant parents Pablo de
la Cruz and Juana Andres, both of which were religious Catholics. At fifteen, he decided to
become a priest so he went to Manila in 1830 to pursue his ambition. He got frustrated when
he was not allowed to enter priesthood just because his being an Indio. This event did not
stop him from rendering religious service, he worked as lay brother instead, or, donado, at
the San Juan de Dios Hospital, a charitable institution where he joined the Cofradia de San
Juan de Dios, a brotherhood open to Indios and affiliated with the hospital. De la Cruz’s

interest in public speaking was developed in this organization and he eventually became a
lay preacher with a capacity to touch the hearts of his audience.
The year 1832 became a turning point in the religious life of Apolinario de la Cruz when he
helped organize a group of nineteen persons also from Tayabas into a confraternity, the
Hermandad de la Archi-Confradía del Glorioso Señor San Jose y de la Virgen del Rosario
(Brotherhood of the Great Sodality of the Glorious Lord Saint Joseph and of the Virgin of the
Rosary). This organization was a mere brotherhood. Similar to other religious organizations
existing in Tayabas and other parts of the province whose purpose was to live in a religious
life in accordance to the teaching of Gods and perform charitable works and church activities.
In 1837 Apolinario de la Cruz appointed Octavio Ignacio de San Jorge as the “Hermano
Mayor” while Filipino priest, Ciriaco de los Santos was designated as the Chaplain and
Treasurer of the Confraternity.
The Cofradia was small organization unlike the other cofradias that from its founding in 1832
to 1840, it existed unnoticed. There was still no certain date but sometimes in 1839 or 1840
the Cofradia, had its member increased. The original nineteen members were now called
fondadores (founders). Representatives were sent by the Cofradia to towns in the provinces
of Tayabas, Laguna and Batangas. A dozen of people recruited to the Cofradia was
equivalent for one vote for each council, these representatives became known as cabecilla
(headmen).
12. 7. Who pioneeredthe sugar industryin 1859 that contributedto the economicgrowth of Iloiloand
Panay?
A. NicholasLoney C. AdamSmith (Economist)
B. JohnLegend (Singer) D. Martin Luther(Protestantleader)

As the Philippines, opened to international trade, Ker & Co. sent him to Manila where he became a
popular figure among the business community. When Iloilo City was opened to international trade in
1856, he was appointed as first British Vice Consul in Iloilo.[1]
Sugar production was increasing due
to growing price of sugar in Manila and Loney helped the plantation owners and farmers by providing
loans and purchasing modern machinery from Europe through his firm, Loney & Ker Co., which
helped increased the efficiency of sugar production in Iloilo.[2][1]
He also encouraged improvements in
infrastructure at the port of Iloilo, reclamation of the western bank of Iloilo River and the construction
of the Calle Progreso (present day Isidro De Rama Street) which became the location of numerous
sugar warehouses.
Nicholas Loney,Her Britannic Majesty’s vice consul in Iloilo during the days when the wharfwas one of the busiest
trading ports in 19th-century Philippines.Loneywas also a prominenttrader who is largelycredited with the
establishmentand promotion ofthe sugar industryin Negros.
Read more:http://opinion.inquirer.net/tag/nicholas-loney#ixzz2y7MxQ62F
Follow us:@inquirerdotnet on Twitter | inquirerdotnet on Facebook
13. What eventtranspiredonJanuary20, 1872, inwhich SergeantLamadridledartilleryregimentsand
some naval crewsincapturingthe arsenal of Fort SanFelipe inCavite? The eventwaslocal inscope and
easilyquelled,butSpanishpriestsusedittoimplicate theirenemiesinthe clergy,resultinginthe
executionof FathersMarianoGomes,Jose BurgosandJacintoZamora.
A. Bataan mutiny C. Batangas mutiny
B. Cavite mutiny D. Laguna mutiny
Basedon NHCPWebsite
Dr. Trinidad Hermenigildo Pardo de Tavera, a Filipino scholar and researcher, wrote the
Filipino version of the bloody incident in Cavite. In his point of view, the incident was a

mere mutiny by the native Filipino soldiers and laborers of the Cavite arsenal who turned
out to be dissatisfied with the abolition of their privileges. Indirectly, Tavera blamed Gov.
Izquierdo’s cold-blooded policies such as the abolition of privileges of the workers and
native army members of the arsenal and the prohibition of the founding of school of arts and
trades for the Filipinos, which the general believed as a cover-up for the organization of a
political club.
On 20 January 1872, about 200 men comprised of soldiers, laborers of the arsenal, and
residents of Cavite headed by Sergeant Lamadrid rose in arms and assassinated the
commanding officer and Spanish officers in sight. The insurgents were expecting support
from the bulk of the army unfortunately, that didn’t happen. The news about the mutiny
reached authorities in Manila and Gen. Izquierdo immediately ordered the reinforcement of
Spanish troops in Cavite. After two days, the mutiny was officially declared subdued.
1872 Cavite Mutiny: Spanish Perspective
Jose Montero y Vidal, a prolific Spanish historian documented the event and highlighted it
as an attempt of the Indios to overthrow the Spanish government in the Philippines.
Meanwhile, Gov. Gen. Rafael Izquierdo’s official report magnified the event and made use
of it to implicate the native clergy, which was then active in the call for secularization. The
two accounts complimented and corroborated with one other, only that the general’s report
was more spiteful. Initially, both Montero and Izquierdo scored out that the abolition of
privileges enjoyed by the workers of Cavite arsenal such as non-payment of tributes and
exemption from force labor were the main reasons of the “revolution” as how they called it,
however, other causes were enumerated by them including the Spanish Revolution which
overthrew the secular throne, dirty propagandas proliferated by unrestrained press,
democratic, liberal and republican books and pamphlets reaching the Philippines, and most
importantly, the presence of the native clergy who out of animosity against the Spanish
friars, “conspired and supported” the rebels and enemies of Spain.
14. What means ofexecutionwas usedto kill the three martyr priests Gomez,Burgos and Zamora on
February 17, 1872?
A. Firingsquad C. Garrote
B. Hanging D. Guillotine
GOMBURZA– Mariano Gomez,Jose Burgos, Jacinto Zamora

A garrote or garrote vil (a Spanish word; alternative spellings include garotte andgarrotte[1]
) is
a weapon, most often referring to a handheld ligature of chain, rope, scarf, wire or fishing line used
to strangle a person.[2]
GOMBURZA - for their alleged participation in the 1872 Cavite mutiny.
15. Whichcirculation didthe Filipinopropagandistsin Spain establishin1889 as the organ of the
Propaganda Movement? GracianoLopezJaena and MarceloH. del Pilar servedas editors.It published
essaysand articlesin Spanish expressingthe Filipinodemands forreformsin the Philippines.
A. La Solidaridad C. La Revolucion
B. La Independencia D. La LigaFilipina
Ang La Independencia ay isa sa mga pahayagang rebolusyonaryo na lumaganap upang pukawin
ang damdaming Pilipino sa paghihimagsik laban sa mga Espanyol. Ito ay inilathala at ipinamigay
noong 3 Setyembre 1898 at nagpatuloy hanggang 11 Nobyembre 1900. Ito ang naging

pinakatanyag at mahalagang pahayagan ng rebolusyon. Karamihan ng artikulo ay sumasalamin sa
damdaming nasyonalismo at pagmamahal sa bayan.
Noong 4 Hulyo 1898 ay naglabas ng decree si Emilio Aguinaldo:
while abnormal circumstances due to the war still prevail, all publications without permission from
the government are strictly prohibited[1]
Nang malaman ito ni Heneral Antonio Luna ay agad siyang kumuha ng lisensiya upang
makapagpalathala ng sarili niyang pahayagan. Kasama ng kanyang kapatid na si Joaquin at ilang
mga kaibigan ay nagpasya silang maglathala ng pahayagang sumasang-ayon sa damdaming
makabayan na umiiral sa Pilipinas noon. La Patria ang unang pangalan ng pahayagan, ngunit ito'y
ginawang La Independencia upang hindi magkaroon ng tensiyon sa pagitan ng mga Pilipino at
Espanyol.
Ang mga tauhang editoryal ay binuo ng mga ilustrado at aral sa lipunan. Si Antonio Luna ang
nagsilbing direktor, habang si Salvador Vivencio del Rosario ay ang editor. Sina Jose C. Abreu,
Cecilio Apostol, Fernando Ma. Guerrero, Mariano V. del Rosario, Epifanio de los Santos at
Clemente J. Zulueta ang mga manunulat. Si Felipe G. Calderon ang naging proofreader.
Naging kontributor ang ilan sa mga tanyag na personalidad ng kasaysayang Pilipino, tulad nina: T.
H. Pardo de Tavera, Jose Palma, Rosa R. Sevilla, Florentina Arellano, Apolinario Mabini.
Basedon NHCP:
In response to this injustice, nationalist newspapers such as the La Independencia
(Independence), El Heraldo de la Revolucion (Herald of the Revolution) and El
Renacimiento (Renascence) were established to campaign for recognition of Philippine
sovereignty.
El Renacimiento a newspaper during the early years of the American occupation of the Philippines.
Edited byTeodoro M. Kalaw and Fidel Reyes, it published the famous “Aves de Rapiña” (Birds of Prey)
editorial, attacking certain individuals for accumulating wealth from the natural resources of the
Philippines.
Noong4 Hulyo1898, inutosni EmilioAguinaldoang
pagtatatag ng opisyal napahayaganng pamahalaang
rebolusyonaryo,El Heraldode laRevolucion.Ang
dyaryongito,na mababasasa wikangEspanyol,Tagalog
at Ilokano,aynaglamanng mga balita,kaalamanat
kautusanmulasa gobyernongPilipino.Unaitong
inilathalanoong29 Setyembre 1898.Ito rin ang
naglathalangKonstitusyonng MalolosnoongEnero
1899.
Bukodsa El Heraldode la Revolucion,mayroongibapang
pahayagangkumalatsa mga pangunahingbayanng
Pilipinas.KabilangditoangLa Libertad,unanginitlathala
noong20 Hunyo 1898, at La Independencia,unang

lumabasnoong3 Setyembre 1898.
Inilathalaangilangmgadyaryosa mga imprentang
datingpagmamay-ari ngmga prayle at pribadong
kumpanya.IsanghalimbawaayangimprentangAsilo
de Huerfanosde Malabon,isangbahay ampunang
pinamahalaanngmga paringAgustinosabayanng
Malabon.Dito inilathalaangdyaryongLa Libertad.
Iba pang mga Pahayagan
La Independencia 1898 Maynila
La Republica Filipina 1898 Maynila
Ang Kaibigan Nang Bayan 1898 Barasoain, Bulacan
El Heraldo de la Revolucion 1898 Malolos, Bulacan
Gaceta de Filipinas 1899 Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija
La Estrella de Antipolo 1899 Maynila
Columnas Volantes de la Federacion Malaya 1899 Lipa, Batangas
La Revolucion 1898 Jaro, Iloilo
La Patria 1899 Kabayuan, Iloilo
La Oportunidad 1899 Tagbilaran, Bohol
La Justicia 1899 Cebu
El Eco de Camarines 1899 Camarines
El Eco de Ilocos 1899 Ilocos
La Liga Filipina - (English: The Philippine League) was a progressive organization created by
Dr. José Rizal in the Philippines in the house of Doroteo Ongjunco at Ilaya Street, Tondo, Manila in
July 3, 1892.
The organization derived from La Solidaridad and the Propaganda movement. The purpose of La
Liga Filipina is to build a new group sought to involve the people directly in the reform movement.
Ito ay nagtagal lamang ng tatlong araw. Ipinakulong si Rizal noong Hulyo 6, 1892 at ipinatapon siya
saDapitan noong Hulyo 7, 1892.
Aims[edit]
 To unite the whole archipelago into one vigorous and homogenous organization;
 Mutual protection in every want and necessity;
 Defense against all violence and injustice;
 Encouragement of instruction, agriculture, and commerce; and

 Study the application of reforms
Directors[edit]
 José Rizal, Founder
 Ambrosio Salvador, President of the League
 Agustin de la Rosa, Fiscal
 Bonifacio Arevalo, Treasurer
 Deodato Arellano, Secretary and first Supreme leader of Katipunan
16. In 1928, whichPhilippine company wasgranted telephone franchise forthe entire Philippines?
A. Bayantel C. PhilTel
B. PLDT D. TelCo(Abbrev.Telecommunications
Company)
The Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company (PSE: TEL,NYSE: PHI) commonly known
as PLDT, is the largest telecommunicationscompany in the Philippines.[2]
PLDT was established on November 28, 1928, by an act of the Philippine legislature and approved
by then Governor-General Henry L. Stimson by means of a merger of four telephone companies
under operation of the American telephone company GTE.[4]
Known as Act 3436, the bill granted
PLDT a 50-year charter and the right to establish a Philippine telephonenetwork linking major points
nationwide. However, PLDT had to meet a 40-day deadline to start implementing the network, which
would be implemented over a period of one to four years.
Bayan Telecommunications, Inc. (BayanTel) is a telecommunications company serving areas in
Metro Manila, Bicol and local exchange service areas in the Visayas and Mindanao regions
combined, cover a population of over 25 million, nearly 33% of the population of the Philippines.
BayanTel is also a provider of data and communications services such as dedicated domestic and
international leased lines, frame relay services, Internet access, and other managed data services
like Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL).
BayanTel was the operating arm of BTHC (Bayan Telecommunications Holdings Corporation) and
formerly known as International Communications Corporation. It was incorporated on April 18, 1961.
PhilTel or PilTel - The PLDT Communications and Energy Ventures Inc. (PSE: PCEV), formerly
known as Pilipino Telephone Corporation or Piltel, is a holding company of the PLDT Group for its
venture into the electricity distribution industry. Previously, it was one of the mobile and fixed-line
telephone service providers in the Philippines. PCEV is 99.5%-owned by Smart Communications, a
wholly owned subsidiary of the Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company (PLDT). The
remaining 0.5% of PCEV's shares is owned by the Filipino investing public.[1]
Through PCEV, PLDT
forms a consortium with Metro Pacific Investments Corporation to form Beacon Electric Asset
Holdings, Inc. which is the majority owner of Meralco.

Piltel was incorporated with limited liability on July 18, 1968. It started its business by providing
landline services in eight cities and municipalities in the Philippines: Baguio City, General Santos,
Olongapo, Subic, Puerto Princesa, Digos, Boac and Masbate.
In March 1991, Piltel started offering cellular phone services branded Mobiline, using
the AMPS standard. In August 1993, Piltel launched it paging business called Beeper 150. In July
1995, Piltel had its shares listed in the Philippine Stock Exchange.
17. 8. What secret societywas foundedon July 7, 1892 with AndresBonifacio, LadislawDiwa and
Teodoro Plata as its first triangle?
A. La Liga Filipina(FoundedJuly3,1892 by Dr. Jose Rizal) C. KKK or Katipunan
B. Cofradiade San Jose (In 1832, Apolinario de la Cruz founded it D. KKB (Kanya-KanyangBaon)
KKKor KataastaasanKagalang-galangangKatipunanngmgaAnakng Bayan.
Based on NHCP:
On July 7, 1892, the Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan
was founded in the house of Deodato Arellano at 734 Calle El Cano cor.
Azcarraga. Membership was through blood compact symbolizing the foundation of the
secret society, which aimed the separation of the Philippines from Spain and the expulsion
of the Spaniards in the country. The first Supremo of the Katipunan was Deodato Arellano,
followed by Roman Basa and finally, Andres Bonifacio.
Wikipedia:

The Katipunan (KKK) was a Philippine revolutionary society founded by anti-
Spanish Filipinos in Manila in 1892, whose primary aim was to gain independence
from Spain through revolution. The society was initiated by Filipino patriots Andrés
Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata, Ladislao Diwa, and others on the night of July 7, when Filipino writer José
Rizal was to be banished toDapitan. Initially, the Katipunan was a secret organization until its
discovery in 1896 that led to the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution.
The Katipunan had its own publication, Kalayaan (Liberty) that had its first and last print on March
1896.
The Katipunan's existence was revealed to the Spanish authorities after a member named Teodoro
Patiño confessed the Katipunan's illegal activities to his sister, and finally to the mother portress
ofMandaluyong Orphanage. Seven days after the Spanish authorities learned of the existence of the
secret society, on August 26, 1896, Bonifacio and his men tore their cédulas during the
infamous Cry of Pugadlawin that started thePhilippine Revolution.
Formation:
On the night of July 7, 1892, when José Rizal was banished and exiled
to Dapitan inMindanao, Andrés Bonifacio, a member of the La Liga Filipina, founded the Katipunan
in a house in Tondo, Manila.[6]
Bonifacio did establish the Katipunan when it was becoming apparent
to anti-Spanish Filipinos that societies like the La Liga Filipina would be suppressed by colonial
authorities.[7]
He was assisted by his two friends, Teodoro Plata (brother-in-law) and Ladislao Diwa,
plus Valentín Díaz andDeodato Arellano.[8]
The Katipunan was founded along Azcarraga St. (now
Claro M. Recto Avenue) near Elcano St. in Tondo, Manila.[9]
Despite their reservations about the
peaceable reformation that Rizal espoused, they named Rizal honorary president without his
knowledge. The Katipunan, established as a secret brotherhood organization, went under the
name Kataas-taasang, Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng̃ mg̃á Anak ng̃ Bayan (Supreme and
Venerable Society of the Children of the Nation).[10]
The Katipunan had four aims, namely:
 to develop a strong alliance with each and every Katipunero
 to unite Filipinos into one solid nation;
 to win Philippine independence by means of an armed conflict (or revolution);[11]
 to establish a republic after independence.[12]
Kartilya ng Katipunan[edit]
Main article: Kartilya ng Katipunan
The teachings of the Katipunan were embodied in a document entitled Kartilya ng Katipunan,[57] a
pamphlet printed inTagalog language. Copies of which were distributed among the members of the
society.
Kartilya was written by Emilio Jacinto, and later revised by Emilio Aguinaldo. The revised version
consists of thirteen teachings (though some sources, such as the one provided by Philippine
Centennial Commission, list only twelve[31]). The term kartilya was derived from Spanish cartilla,
which was a primer for grade school students before going to school at that time.[58]

For further Info, read the article http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katipunan or any other book accessible
to you. Wikipedia would be a very accessible source. Some historians also edit the articles in the
Wikipedia. It is good for brainstorming and accessing initial information. You may trust it but you also
have to verify the information given.
18. Dr. Jose Rizal was exiledinwhich province on July 17, 1892? (CORRECTION,IT IS JULY7, 1892 not
JULY 17) Typo Error.
A. Zamboangadel Sur C. Agusandel Sur
B. Zamboanga del Norte D. Agusandel Norte
19. Whenwas the Katipunandiscovered?
A. August 19, 1892 C. August21, 1892
B. August20, 1892 D. August22, 1892

This is an interesting excerpt from Wikipedia. The information written here was
verified and supported by other sources.
Discovery[edit]
As the Katipunan was busy preparing for the revolution, various denuinciations regarding its existence
reached the Spanish authorities. On July 5, 1896, Manuél Sityar, a Spanish lieutenant of the guardia
civíl stationed at Pasig, reported toGovernor-General Ramón Blanco y Erenas the mysterious activities of
certain Filipinos who had been gathering arms and recruiting men for some unknown purposes.[69] On
August 13, 1896, Fr. Agustín Fernández, an Augustinian curate of San Pedro, Makati, wrote to Don
Manuél Luengo, Civil Governor of Manila, denouncing anti-Spanish meetings in his parish.[69]
The Katipunan was finally discovered by the Spanish authorities six days after Fernández's letter to
Luengo. On early August 1896, two Katipuneros, namely Teodoro Patiño and Apolonio de la Cruz, who
were working for the Diario de Manilaprinting press (leading newspaper during those times) had
undergone misunderstanding regarding wages.[70] Press foreman de la Cruz and typesetter Patiño fought
over salary increase of two pesos, and de la Cruz tried to blame Patiño for the loss of the printing
supplies that were used for the Kalayaan. As an action against de la Cruz, Patiño revealed the secrets of
the society to his sister, Honoria Patiño, an inmate nun at the Mandaluyong Orphanage. That afternoon,
on August 19, 1896, Honoria grew shocked and very upset to the revelation. The mother portress of the
Orphanage, SorTeresa de Jesus saw Honoria crying so she approached her. Honoria told everything she
heard from her brother. At around 6:15 pm that day, Sor Teresa called Teodoro Patiño and advised him
to tell everything he knew about the Katipunan throughconfession to Father Mariano Gíl.[71]

Controlled by his fear of Hell, Teodoro went to Father Mariano Gíl, an Augustinian parish curate of
the Tondo convent. Though he is willed to tell anything about the Katipunan, Teodoro confessed to Father
Gíl that a lithographic stone was hidden in the press-room of Diario de Manila, which was used by the
society for printing receipts. He also said that aside from the stone, there were also documents of
membership (that uses member's blood for signing) hidden, together with a picture of Dr. José Rizal and
several daggers that was made for the katipunero-employees of the newspaper.[71]
Alarmed by the stunning truth of existence of a secret society, Father Gíl, accompanied by local Spanish
authorities, searched the printing office of Diario de Manila and found the incriminating evidence.[71] They
also found Apolonio de la Cruz in possession of a dagger used in Katipunan initiation rites and some list
of new accepted members.[72] After the arrest, Father Gíl rushed to Governor-General Blanco to
denounce the revolutionary plot of the Katipunan.[73] The Spanish unleashed a crackdown and arrested
dozens of people, where many innocent citizens were forced to go to Fort Santiago.[62]
Patiño's alleged betrayal has become the standard version of how the revolution broke out in 1896. In the
1920s, however, the Philippine National Library commissioned a group of former Katipuneros to confirm
the truth of the story. José Turiano Santiago, Bonifacio's close friend who was expelled in 1895, denied
the story. He claimed that Bonifacio himself ordered Patiño to divulge the society's existence to hasten
the Philippine revolution and preempt any objection from members.[74]
Historian Teodoro Agoncillo gives a differing version of events, writing that Patiño revealed the secrets of
the society to his sister, Honoria, following on a misunderstanding with Apolonio de la Cruz, another
society member who worked with him in the Spanish-owned Diario de Manila periodical. Honoria, an
orphanage inmate, was upset at the news and informed Sor Teresa, the orphanage madre portera, who
suggested that Patiño tell all to Father Mariano Gil. On August 19, Patiño told Father Mariano what he
knew of the secret society. Father Mariano and the owner of the Diario de Manila searched the printing
shop, discovering the lithographic stone used to print pring Katipunan receipts. After this discovery the
locker of Policarpio Turla, whose signature appeared on the receipts, was forced open and found to
contain a dagger, the rules of the society, and other pertinent documents. These were turned over to the
police, leading to the arrest and conviction on charges of illegal association and treason of some 500
prominent men.[75]
Question:Whowas the brother of Andres Bonifacio,who was also executedtogetherwiththe latter?
Answer: ProcopioBonifacio
20. 9. What significanteventin Philippine historyhappenedonAugust 23, 1892 (1896 not 1892) in
which the Katipuneros gathered and tore their cedulas and declaredwar against Spain? (Correction:It
was AUGUST23, 1896 not 1892) Sorry, tao lang. Nagkakamali rin. Mabuti na lang at napansin pa.
A. Cryof Balintawak (DatingTawag) C. Cry of Matang Lawin (Gawagawa lang)
B. Cry of Bataan (Gawa gawa lang) D. Cry of Pugad Lawin
Isa pa ito sa mga kontrobersyal na bahagi ng kasaysayan. May mga pagtatalo kung saan talaga
naganap ang unang Sigaw para sa kalayaan.

Based on NHCP
THE CRY OF PUGADLAWIN - alternately and originally referred to as the Cry of Balintawak
On 23 August 1896, the Supremo and his troops formally launched an armed revolution
against Spain. They tore their resident certificates or cedulas which symbolized their defiance
against from the colonizers. This became known in history as “The Cry of Pugadlawin.”
Basedon NCCA or National CommissionforCulture andthe Arts
In 1940, a research team of the Philippines Historical Committee (a forerunner of the National Historical
Institute or NHI), which included Pio Valenzuela, identified the precise spot of Pugad Lawin as part of sitio
Gulod, Banlat, Kalookan City. In 1964, the NHI’s Minutes of the Katipunan referred to the place of the Cry as
Tandang Sora’s and not as Juan Ramos’ house, and the date as 23 August.
Valenzuela memoirs (1964, 1978) averred that the Cry took place on 23 August at the house of Juan Ramos
at Pugad Lawin. The NHI was obviously influenced by Valenzuela’s memoirs. In 1963, upon the NHI
endorsement, President Diosdado Macapagal ordered that the Cry be celebrated on 23 August and that
Pugad Lawin be recognized as its site.
It is clear that the so-called Cry of Pugad Lawin of 23 August is an imposition and erroneous interpretation,
contrary to indisputable and numerous historical facts.
The centennial of the Cry of Balintawak should be celebrated on 24 August 1996 at the site of the barn and
house of Tandang Sora in Gulod, now barangay Banlat, Quezon City.
That was when and where the Filipino nation state was born.
For further information, read http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/articles-on-c-n-
a/article.php?i=59
Balintawak: The Cry for a Nationwide Revolution
MILAGROS C. GUERRERO
EMMANUEL N. ENCARNACION
RAMON N. VILLEGAS
21. 10. The firstbattle betweenthe Katipunerosand Spanish forcesin San Juan, Rizal on August30,
1896 was called?
A. Battle of Pinaglabanan C. Battle of San Juan
B. Battle of Tirad Pass(Foughtby Gregoriodel Pilaron December 2, 1899 at Tirad Pass, Ilocos
Sur, Philippines)D. Battle of Rizal
Basedon NHCP:
The Battle of San Juan del Monte, known as the Battle of Pinaglabanan was the first major
armed conflict between the Spanish forces and Filipino insurgents which sparked the
Philippine revolution on August 30, 1896.
Belligerents

Katipunan Spanish Empire
Commanders and leaders
Andrés Bonifacio
Emilio Jacinto
Sancho Valenzuela
Gen. Bernardo
Echaluce y Jauregui
Strength
about 800[1]
about 100 combined
infantrymen and
artillerymen[2]
Casualties and losses
153 deaths
about 200 captured[1]
2 deaths[1]
The First Battle of the Katipunan
On the evening of August 29, 1896, Katipuneros marched toward El Polvorin, a Spanish
position in San Juan del Monte. The first group, led by the Katipunan Supremo Andres
Bonifacio and Emilio Jacinto, came from Mandaluyong, Rizal. The second group, led by
Sancho Valenzuela, a rope maker, came from Santa Mesa. The Katipuneros reached San
Juan del Monte by midnight. The following morning, August 30, they besieged the nearby El
Deposito.
The Spaniards sent a frantic call for reinforcements. The Katipuneros regrouped in Santa
Mesa, where they courageously engaged the arriving Spanish troops. Unfortunately, while
they had the numbers, the Spaniards had both the training and the equipment.

Armed only bolos and homemade guns, the Katipuneros were easily outfought and forced
to retreat. They suffered heavy losses but could claim they killed El Polvorin’s commanding
officer.
The Battle of San Juan del Monte was the first of many one-sided engagements won Spain.
But the courage and fortitude shown by the Filipinos that historic night in late August should
have warned Spaniards that although they would win the battles, Filipinos would eventually
win the war.
Battle of San Juan may refer to:
 Battle of San Juan (1595), a British attack on San Jaun, Puerto Rico, in 1595
 Battle of San Juan (1598), a second British attack on San Juan, Puerto Rico, in 1598
 Battle of San Juan (1625), a Dutch attack on San Juan, Puerto Rico, in 1625
 Battle of San Juan (1797), a third British attack on San Juan, Puerto Rico, in 1797
 Battle of San Juan and Chorrillos, a battle between Chile and Peru in 1881
 First Battle of San Juan, a naval bombardment initiated by an American fleet against the Spanish
fortifications of San Juan, Puerto Rico in 1898 during the Spanish-American War
 Battle of San Juan del Monte, an attack on a Spanish Magazine in San Juan del Monte, Manila,
Philippines, in 1896 that started the Philippine Revolution
 Second Battle of San Juan (1898), a small naval engagement off San Juan, Puerto Rico, in 1898
during the Spanish-American War
 Third Battle of San Juan (1898), a Spanish sortie to rescue a blockade runner off San Juan, Puerto
Rico, in 1898 during the Spanish-American War
Battle of Rizal – Noknownaccount.
22. 11. On March 22, 1897, the Katipunerosbelongingto the Magdaló and Magdiwang councils
changed the Katipunan into a revolutionarygovernmentand electeditsofficers duringthis
convention.Subsequenteventsresulted inthe executionofAndres Bonifacioin Maragondon. Which
conventionwas this?
A. Malolosconvention C. Biak-na-Batoconvention
B. Cavite convention D. Tejeros convention
Basedon NHCP:
THE TEJEROS CONVENTION
On March 22, 1897, a convention was held in Tejeros in order to settle the dispute between
the two councils and to decide on what type of government should be installed. During the

early phase of the convention the crowd became unruly, causing a recess. When the
convention resumed, Bonifacio was assigned to preside in the election of the officers of the
new government that was to be set up. Before this, however, Bonifacio laid down the rule
that the assembly should respect whatever would be the outcome of the election.
When Bonifacio was elected Secretary of Interior, Daniel Tirona contested and argued that a
lawyer should handle the position. Bonifacio felt insulted and demanded an apology from
Tirona. Because of humiliation and anger, Bonifacio declared that all matters convened in
the Tejeros Convention were null and void. Together with his supporters, he left the estate
house.
Cavite Convention –NoAccount inhistory
MalolosConvention alsoknownasthe MalolosCongress
The Malolos Congress or formally known as the "National Assembly" of representatives was
the constituent assembly of the First Philippine Republic. It met at the Barasoain Church in Malolos
City, Bulacan.[2]
It drafted the Malolos Constitution.
Following the declaration of independence from Spain on June 12, 1898 and transformation of the
dictatorial government to a revolutionary government on 23 June, the Malolos Congress election was held
between June 23 and September 10. On 15 September 1898, the revolutionary congress convened
in Barasoain Church in Malolos (now Malolos City, Bulacan) with Pedro Paterno as president
and Gregorio S. Araneta as vice president.[3]
On 29 September, the 12 JuneDeclaration of
independence was ratified.[4]
The congress then decided to draft aConstitution, a decision opposed
by Apolinario Mabini, the Prime Minister of the revolutionary government (President of the Council of
Government).[4]
The resulting Malolos Constitution was ratified on November 29, 1898, signed into law on
December 23, approved on January 20, 1899, sanctioned by President Emilio Aguinaldo on January 21,
and promulgated on January 22.[5][6]
The document states that the people have exclusive sovereignty. It
states basic civil rights, separated the church from the state, and called for the creation of an Assembly of
Representatives (A.K.A. National Assembly) which would act as the legislature. It also calls for a
parliamentary republic as the form of government with the president elected for a term of four years by a
majority of the Assembly.[7]
Biak na Bato Convention or The Pact of Biak-na-Bato, signed on December 14, 1897,[1]created a truce
between Spanish Colonial Governor-GeneralFernando Primo de Rivera and the revolutionary
leader Emilio Aguinaldo to end the Philippine Revolution. Aguinaldo and his fellow revolutionaries were
given amnesty and monetary indemnity by the Spanish Government, in return for which the Revolutionary
Government would go into voluntary exile in Hong Kong. Aguinaldo later used the money to purchase
firearms.
The pact was signed in San Miguel, Bulacan, in the house of Pablo Tecson, a Philippine Revolutionary
captain who served as Brigadier General in the 'Brigada Del Pilar' (military troop) of General Gregorio del
Pilar during the Revolution.

23. Through which document issuedonMarch 24, 1897 did Bonifacionullify the resultsof the
electionsduringthe TejerosConvention?
A. Actade Malolos (Noaccount) C. Acta de Tondo (NoAccount)
B. Acta de Tejeros D. Acta de Pasig(NoAccount)
Basedon NHCP:
The next day, Bonifacio stressed out his reason for invalidating the Tejeros Convention
through a document known as “Acta de Tejeros” signed by his supporters.
24. Bonifacio signedthisdocument on April 20, 1897 declaringthe resultsof the electionsduringthe
TejerosConventionnull and void and establisheditsown army separate from the RevolutionaryArmy
formedduring the convention.Thisled to hiscapture and later hisexecutionin May of the same year.
What documentwas this? (Correction:Other sourceslike Xiao Chua,a historian and M.C. Halili claim
that the document was signedon April 19, 1897. So we will have to change it now to April 19 not April
20.)
A. Naic Military Agreement C. Biak-na-BatoAct(Walaito)
B. TejerosMilitaryConvention (Gawagawalang) D. TondoMilitaryDecree (Walaito)
Basedon NHCP:
Bonifacio decided to establish another government independent from that of Aguinaldo in
accordance with the “Naic Pact” enacted by him which signed by his 41 supporters
including two of Aguinaldo’s general. These two generals, however, turned their back on
Bonifacio after a talk with Aguinaldo, pledging loyalty to the latter, instead.

Wikipedia:
The creation of the Naic Military Agreement, a document by which Andres Bonifacio sought to assert his
authority as leader of the Philippine revolutionary government in defiance of Emilio Aguinaldo's
government initiated in Tejeros (Casa Hacienda de Naic).
25. 12. Signedby the Spanishgovernmentand the Filipinorevolutionaryleaders onDecember14,
1897, this providedfor the secessionofhostilitiesbetweenthe twoparties and the voluntary exile of
revolutionaryleadersin Hong Kong. What agreementwas this?
A. Pact of Tejeros (NoAccount) C. Pact of Cavite (NoAccount)
B. Pact of Tondo (NoAccount) D. Pact of Biak-na-Bato
 Wikipedia:viaDon Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy (23 September 1899), "Chapter II. The Treaty of Biak-
na-bató", True Version of the Philippine Revolution, Authorama: Public Domain Books, retrieved 23
September 2008
Biak na Bato Convention or The Pact of Biak-na-Bato, signed on December 14, 1897,[1]created a truce
between Spanish Colonial Governor-GeneralFernando Primo de Rivera and the revolutionary
leader Emilio Aguinaldo to end the Philippine Revolution. Aguinaldo and his fellow revolutionaries were
given amnesty and monetary indemnity by the Spanish Government, in return for which the Revolutionary
Government would go into voluntary exile in Hong Kong. Aguinaldo later used the money to purchase
firearms.

The pact was signed in San Miguel, Bulacan, in the house of Pablo Tecson, a Philippine Revolutionary
captain who served as Brigadier General in the 'Brigada Del Pilar' (military troop) of General Gregorio del
Pilar during the Revolution.
26. 13. In this battle,which occured on May 1, 1898, the American naval fleetsledby George Dewey
fought against the Spanish fleetunderGeneral Patricio Montojo. Whichbattle was this?
A. Battle of Pinaglabanan (Battle of SanJuandel Monte onAugust30, 1896) C. Battle of
Tirad Pass (FoughtbyGregoriodel Pilaron December 2, 1899 at Tirad Pass, Ilocos Sur, Philippines)
B. Battle of Manila Bay D. Battle of Laguna de Bay (NoAccount)
On NCCA:
Admiral George Dewey, who on May 1, 1898, had defeated the Spanish forces in the Battle of Manila Bay.
The Battle of Manila Bay took place on 1 May 1898, during theSpanish-American War. The
American Asiatic Squadron underCommodore George Dewey engaged and destroyed the Spanish
Pacific Squadron under Admiral Patricio Montojo. The battle took place in Manila Bay in the Philippines,
and was the first major engagement of the Spanish-American War. The battle was one of the most
decisive naval battles in history and marks the end of the Spanish colonial period in Philippine history.[7]
For furtherinfo,readthe Wikipediaarticle onthe Battle of ManilaBay
27. 14. Whocomposedthe Marcha Nacional Filipina,whichlater became the Philippine National
Anthem?
A. Jose Palma C. LucioSan Pedro
B. Julian Felipe D. TeodoroPlata

José Palma y Velasquez (3 June 1876 – 12 February 1903) was a Filipinopoet and soldier. He was on
the staff of La Independencia at the time he wrote «Filipinas», a patriotic poem in Spanish. It was
published for the first time in the issue of the first anniversary of La Independencia on 3 September 1899.
The poem fit the instrumental tune Marcha Nacional Filipina by Julian Felipe, and it has since been the
basis for every translation of the Philippine National Anthem.
Lucio SanPedro – FilipinoNationalArtistforMusic
(February 11, 1913 – March 31, 2002) was a Filipino composer and teacher.
On May 9, 1991, President Corazon C. Aquino proclaimed San Pedro a National Artist of the
Philippines for Music.
TeodoroPlata– a Katipunero
(died February 6, 1897) was a Filipino patriot, and a co-founder of the Katipunan
28. 15. Whichband playedthe National Anthemduring the proclamation of Philippine independence
on June 12, 1898?
A. Kawit,Cavite Band (likelyanswersince Philippineindepedence wasproclaimedinKawit,Cavite)
C. ImusBand
B. San Francisco de Malabon Band D. Cavite MarchingBand
The Marcha Nacional FilipinacomposedbyJulianFelipe wasplayed.
Wikipedia:
Lupang Hinirang (Tagalog, “Chosen Land”) is the national anthem of thePhilippines. Its music was
composed in 1898 by Julian Felipe, and the lyrics were adapted from the Spanish poem Filipinas, written

by José Palma in 1899. Originally written as incidental music, it did not have lyrics when it was adopted
as the anthem of the revolutionary First Philippine Republic and subsequently played during
the proclamation of Philippine independence on June 12, 1898.
During the American Colonial Period, the Flag Law of 1907 prohibited public display flags, banners,
emblems, or devices used by revolutionaries in the Philippine-American War.[2] Under color of this law,
the colonial government banned the song from being played.[3] The Flag Law was repealed in 1919.
During the Commonwealth era, Commonwealth Act No. 382, approved on September 5, 1938, officially
adopted the musical arrangement and composition by Julian Felipe as the Philippine National Anthem.
The Spanish lyrics were translated into Tagalog beginning in the 1940s, and a final, Pilipino version from
1956 was revised in the 1960s to the present lyrics. Over the years, several English versions came into
use. On February 12, 1998, Republic Act No. 8491, officially set out Tagalog lyrics as the National
Anthem, abandoning use of the Spanish and English versions.[1]
Some English language sources erroneously translate Lupang Hinirang as "Beloved Land" or "Beloved
Country";[4][5] the first term is actually a translation of the incipit of the original poem Filipinas (Tiérra
adorada), while "Beloved Country" is a translation of Bayang Magiliw, the current version's incipit and
colloquial name. Some sources assert that an English version of anthem lyrics titled "Philippine Hymn"
was legalized by Commonwealth Act No. 382.[6] That Act, however, only concerns itself with the
instrumental composition by Julian Felipe.
The Lupang Hinirang began as an instrumental march whichEmilio Aguinaldo commissioned for use in
the proclamation of Philippine independence from Spain. This task was given to Julián Felipe and was to
replace a march which Aguinaldo found unsatisfactory. The title of this new march was Marcha Filipina
Mágdalo ("Magdalo Philippine March"), and was later changed toMarcha Nacional Filipina ("Philippine
National March") upon its adoption as the national anthem of the First Philippine Republic on 11 June
1898, a day before independence was to be proclaimed. It was played by the San Francisco de Malabon
marching band (now known as General Trias) during the proclamation rite on 12 June.
In August 1899, José Palma wrote the poem Filipinas in Spanish. The poem was published for the first
time in the newspaper La Independencia on 3 September 1899. It was subsequently adopted as the lyrics
to the anthem.[8][9]
During the term of President Ramon Magsaysay, Education Secretary Gregorio Hernández formed a
commission to revise the lyrics. On 26 May 1956, the Pilipino translation Lupang Hinirang was sung for
the first time. Minor revisions were made in the 1960s, and it is this version by Felipe Padilla de León
which is presently used. The Filipino[a]
lyrics have been confirmed by Republic Act No. 8491 (the "Flag
and Heraldic Code of the Philippines") in 1998, abandoning use of both the Spanish and English
versions.[1]
For furtherinfo,youmayread Wikipedia’sarticleonLupangHinirangat
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lupang_Hinirang

29. Whichagreementwas signedon August 20, 1899 in Mindanao betweenUSRepresentative JohnC.
Bates and the FilipinoMuslimleadersRajah Muda, Datu Calbi, Datu Joakanain and the SuluSultan
that signifiednoninvolvementofthe Muslimsin the Filipino-AmericanWar?
A. Laurel-LangleyAgreement C. Bates Treaty
B. Bell Trade Act D. Treaty of Paris

Although it proved deficient, the final agreement satisfied nearly all of the diverse Filipino economic
interests. While some have seen the Laurel-Langley agreement as a continuation of the 1946 trade act,
Senator Laurel and other Philippine leaders recognized that the agreement substantially gave the country
greater freedom to industrialize while continuing to receive privileged access to US markets.[1]
The agreement replaced the unpopular Bell Trade Act, which tied the economy of the Philippines to that
of the United States.
Bell Trade Act
The Bell Trade Act' of 1946, also known as the Philippine Trade Act, was an act passed by the United
States Congressspecifying the economic conditions governing the independence of the Philippines from
the United States.[1][2] The United States Congress offered $800 million for post World War II rebuilding
funds if the Bell Trade Act was ratified by Philippine legislature, which duly approved the measure on July
2, two days before independence from the United States of America.
Authored by Missouri Congressman C. Jasper Bell, the Bell Trade Act linked the Philippine economy to
the United States economy in several ways:
 A system of preferential tariffs was established, undermining control over imports and exports by the
Philippine government;
 The Philippine currency, the peso, was pegged to the US dollar;
 The Philippine government was obligated not to place restrictions on currency transfers from the
Philippines to the United States;

 a "parity" clause granted U.S. citizens and corporations equal access with Philippine citizens to
Philippine minerals, forests and other natural resources, despite provisions in the Philippine
constitution (1935) to the contrary which the act required to be amended.[3]
Filipino nationalists denounced the Bell Trade Act. Even the reliably pro-American Philippine
President Sergio Osmeñacalled it a "curtailment of Philippine sovereignty, virtual nullification of Philippine
independence." In 1955, nine years after passage of the Bell Trade Act, a revised United States-
Philippine Trade Agreement (the Laurel–Langley Agreement) was negotiated to replace it.[3] This treaty
abolished the United States authority to control the exchange rate of the peso, made parity privileges
reciprocal, extended the sugar quota, and extended the time period for the reduction of other quotas and
for the progressive application of tariffs on Philippine goods exported to the United States.
Treatyof Paris
The Treaty of Paris of 1898, 30 Stat. 1754, was an agreement made in 1898 that resulted in the Spanish
Empire'ssurrendering control of Cuba and ceding Puerto Rico, parts of the Spanish West Indies, the
island of Guam, and thePhilippines to the United States. The cession of the Philippines involved a
payment of $20 million from the United States to the Spanish Empire.[1] The treaty was signed on
December 10, 1898, and ended the Spanish-American War. The Treaty of Paris came into effect on April
11, 1899, when the documents of ratification were exchanged.[2]
The Treaty of Paris signaled the end of the Spanish Empire in the Americas and the Pacific Islands (see
also the German–Spanish Treaty (1899)), and it marked the beginning of the age of the United States as
a world power.

30. Wholed the revolutionaryforces that proclaimed the existence ofthe RepublicofNegros on
November5, 1898?
A. General Juan AnacletoAraneta C. General Macario Sakay
B. General EmilioAguinaldo D. General AntonioLuna
Basedon tumblr.malacanang.gov.phat http://tumblr.malacanang.gov.ph/post/66063572618/today-in-
history-in-1898-the-republic-of-negros
In 1898, the Republic ofNegros was proclaimed in the town ofBago by the revolutionary forces led by
General Juan Anacleto Araneta and Aniceto Lacson. A historical marker [ABOVE, via] stands in the city
public square to commemorate the event.
By virtueofRepublic Act. No. 6709, s. 1989,November5 is a special non-working holiday in the province
of Negros Occidental.
Macario Sakay y de León (1870 – September 13, 1907) was a Filipinogeneral who took part in the
1896 Philippine Revolution against the Spanish Empire and in the Philippine-American War. After the war
was declared over by the United States in 1902, Sakay continued resistance and the following year he
became President of the Republic of Katagalugan.
General EmilioAguinaldo –Kilalanyona...FirstPresidentof the Philippinesorformallythe Philippine
RevolutionaryGovernment

Emilio Famy Aguinaldo QSC PLH[d]
(22 March 1869[c]
– 6 February 1964) is officially considered
the First President of the Philippines (1899-1901) and led Philippine forces first against Spain in the latter
part of thePhilippine Revolution (1896-1897), and then in the Spanish-American War(1898), and finally
against the United States during the Philippine-American War (1899-1901). He was captured in 1901 and
went into exile on Guam, finally returning to the Philippines decades later.
General AntonioLuna- Antonio Luna de San Pedro y Novicio-Ancheta (October 29, 1866 – June 5,
1899), an Ilocano born in Manila, was a Filipinopharmacist and general who fought in the Philippine–
American War. He was also the founder of the Philippines's first military academy, which existed during
the First Philippine Republic. He was regarded as the most brilliant of the Filipino military officers during
the war.[1]
Succeeding Artemio Ricarte as commander of the Philippine Revolutionary Army, he organized
professional guerrilla soldiers later to be known as the Luna sharpshooters. His three-tier defense, now
known as the Luna Defense Line, gave the American troops a hard campaign in the provinces north
ofManila.[2]
In Spain, he became one of the Filipino expatriates who mounted the Propaganda Movement and wrote
for La Solidaridad, headed by Galicano Apacible. He wrote a piece titled Impressions which dealt with
Spanish customs and idiosyncrasies under the pen-name "Taga-ilog". Also, like many of the Filipino
liberals in Spain, Luna joined the Masonry where he rose to being Master Mason.[3]
Luna was active as a researcher in the scientific community.
Death[edit]
On June 2, 1899, Luna received two telegrams - one asked for help in launching a counterattack in San
Fernando, Pampanga; and the other signed by Aguinaldo himself, ordered him to go to the new capital
at Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija to form a new cabinet. Having high hopes that he would be promoted as
Prime Minister and Secretary of War, Luna set off; first by train, then on horseback and eventually in three
carriages to Nueva Ecija with 25 of his men.[7] During the journey, two of the carriages broke down, so he
proceeded with just one carriage with Colonel Francisco Román and Captain Eduardo Rusca, having
earlier shed his cavalry escort. Upon arriving at Cabanatuan on June 5, Luna alone, proceeded to the
headquarters to communicate with the President. As he went up the stairs, he ran into an officer whom he
had previously disarmed for cowardice, and an old enemy whom he had once threatened with arrest, a
hated "autonomist". He was told that Aguinaldo had left for San Isidro in Tarlac. Enraged, Luna asked
why he had not been told the meeting was canceled.[5]
As he was about to depart, a single shot from a rifle in the plaza rang out. Still outraged and furious, Luna
rushed down the stairs and met Captain Pedro Janolino, accompanied by some elements of the Kawit
battalion whom he had previously dismissed for insubordination. Janolino swung his bolo at Luna
wounding him at the head. Janolino's men fired at Luna, while others started stabbing him, even as he
tried to fire his revolver at one of his attackers.[5] He staggered out to the plaza where Román and Rusca
were rushing to his aid, but they too were set upon and shot with Roman being killed and Rusca severely
wounded. As he lay dying, Luna uttered this last words: "Cowards! Assassins!". He was hurriedly buried
in the churchyard, after which Aguinaldo relieved Luna's officers and men from the field, including
General Venacio Concepción, whose headquarters in Angeles, Pampanga, Aguinaldo besieged the same
day Luna was assassinated.[5]

31. 16. This was signedbetweenthe UnitedStatesand Spain on December10, 1898 cedingSpanish
colonies,includingthe Philippines,toAmerica.The Americansreceivedthe right to colonize the
PhilippinesafterpayingSpain $20 million. Whichtreaty was this?
A. Treatyof Westphalia C. Treatyof Manila
B. Treaty of Paris D. Treaty of Versailles
Treatyof Paris
The Treaty of Paris of 1898, 30 Stat. 1754, was an agreement made in 1898 that resulted in the Spanish
Empire'ssurrendering control of Cuba and ceding Puerto Rico, parts of the Spanish West Indies, the
island of Guam, and thePhilippines to the United States. The cession of the Philippines involved a
payment of $20 million from the United States to the Spanish Empire.[1] The treaty was signed on
December 10, 1898, and ended the Spanish-American War. The Treaty of Paris came into effect on April
11, 1899, when the documents of ratification were exchanged.[2]
The Treaty of Paris signaled the end of the Spanish Empire in the Americas and the Pacific Islands (see
also the German–Spanish Treaty (1899)), and it marked the beginning of the age of the United States as
a world power.
The Peace of Westphalia was a series of peace treaties signed between May and October 1648
in Osnabrück and Münster. These treaties ended the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) in the Holy Roman
Empire, and the Eighty Years' War (1568–1648) betweenSpain and the Dutch Republic, with Spain
formally recognizing the independence of the Dutch Republic.

The Peace of Westphalia treaties involved the Holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand III, of the House of
Habsburg; the Kingdom of Spain; the Kingdom of France; the Swedish Empire; the Dutch Republic;
the Princes of the Holy Roman Empire; and sovereigns of the free imperial cities and can be denoted by
two major events.
 The signing of the Peace of Münster[1] between the Dutch Republic and the Kingdom of Spain on 30
January 1648, officially ratified in Münster on 15 May 1648.
 The signing of two complementary treaties on 24 October 1648, namely:
 The Treaty of Münster (Instrumentum Pacis Monasteriensis, IPM),[2] concerning the Holy Roman
Emperor and France and their respective allies.
 The Treaty of Osnabrück (Instrumentum Pacis Osnabrugensis, IPO),[3] concerning the Holy
Roman Empire, the Kingdom of France, Sweden and their respective allies.
The treaties resulted from the big diplomatic congress,[4][5] thereby initiating a new system of political
order in central Europe, later called Westphalian sovereignty, based upon the concept of a sovereign
state governed by a sovereign and establishing a prejudice in international affairs against interference in
another nation's domestic business. The treaty not only signaled the end of the perennial, destructive
wars that had ravaged Europe, it also represented the triumph of sovereignty over empire,of national rule
over the personal writ of the Habsburgs and the establishment of the first version of international
order.[6] The treaties' regulations became integral to the constitutional law of the Holy Roman Empire, and
stood as a precursor to later large international treaties and thereby the development of international
law in general.
The treaties did not restore peace all throughout Europe, however, as France and Spain remained at war
for the next eleven years, but they did create a basis for national self-determination.
The Treaty of Manila of 1946 (61 Stat. 1174, TIAS 1568, 7 UNTS 3), formally the Treaty of general
relations and Protocol,[1]
is a treaty of general relations signed on 4 July 1946 in Manila, the capital city
of the Philippines. Parties to the treaty were the Federal Government of the United States and
the Republic of the Philippines. The United States granted the Philippines independence, and the treaty
provided for the recognition of that independence. The treaty was signed by Ambassador Paul V.
McNutt as a representative of the United States and President Manuel Roxas representing
the Philippines. The treaty became effective in the United States on 22 October 1946, when it was ratified
by the Senate.
 Treaty of Manila (1954), Alternative name for the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty, or
Manila Pact. This treaty created the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO).
Treatyof Versailles(Versay)–
The Treaty of Versailles (French: Traité de Versailles) was one of thepeace treaties at the end of World
War I. It ended the state of war betweenGermany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919,
exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The otherCentral Powers on the

German side of World War I were dealt with in separate treaties.[6]
Although the armistice, signed on 11
November 1918, ended the actual fighting, it took six months of negotiations at the Paris Peace
Conference to conclude the peace treaty. The treaty was registered by the Secretariat of the League of
Nations on 21 October 1919, and was printed in The League of Nations Treaty Series.
32. What proclamation was issuedby PresidentWilliamMcKinleyin1898 to mark the disguised
colonizationof the Philippines?
A. BenevolentAssimilation C. ManifestDestiny
B. White Man’s Burden D. BenevolentColonization (Noaccount)
The term Benevolent Assimilation refers to a proclamation that is about the Philippines issued on
December 21, 1898 by U.S. President William McKinley during the Philippine-American War, which
followed the defeat of Spain during theSpanish-American War. The proclamation reads in part:
Finally, it should be the earnest wish and paramount aim of the military administration to win the
confidence, respect, and affection of the inhabitants of the Philippines by assuring them in every possible
way that full measure of individual rights and liberties which is the heritage of free peoples, and by
proving to them that the mission of the United States is one of benevolent assimilation substituting the
mild sway of justice and right for arbitrary rule.[1]
The proclamation was sent to General Elwell Otis, U.S. military commander in the Philippines.
"The White Man's Burden" is a poem by the English poet Rudyard Kipling.
It was originally published in the popular magazine McClure's in 1899, with the subtitle The United States
and the Philippine Islands.[1] The poem was originally written for Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee, but

exchanged for "Recessional"; Kipling changed the text of "Burden" to reflect the subject of American
colonization of the Philippines, recently won from Spain in theSpanish-American War.[2] The poem
consists of seven stanzas, following a regular rhyme scheme. At face value it appears to be
a rhetoricalcommand to white men to colonize and rule other nations for the benefit of those people (both
the people and the duty may be seen as representing the "burden" of the title).
Although Kipling's poem mixed exhortation to empire with somber warnings of the costs
involved, imperialists within the United States Of America understood the phrase "white man's burden" as
a characterization for imperialism that justified the policy as a noble enterprise.[3][4][5][6][7]Because of its
theme and title, it has become emblematic both ofEurocentric racism and of Western aspirations to
dominate the developing world.[8][9][10] A century after its publication, the poem still rouses strong
emotions, and can be analyzed from a variety of perspectives.
Poem“The White Man’s Burden”
Take up the White Man's burden, Send forth the best ye breed
Go bind your sons to exile, to serve your captives' need;
To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild--
Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child.
Take up the White Man's burden, In patience to abide,
To veil the threat of terror And check the show of pride;
By open speech and simple, An hundred times made plain
To seek another's profit, And work another's gain.
Take up the White Man's burden, The savage wars of peace--
Fill full the mouth of Famine And bid the sickness cease;
And when your goal is nearest The end for others sought,
Watch sloth and heathen Folly Bring all your hopes to nought.
Take up the White Man's burden, No tawdry rule of kings,
But toil of serf and sweeper, The tale of common things.
The ports ye shall not enter, The roads ye shall not tread,
Go make them with your living, And mark them with your dead.
Take up the White Man's burden And reap his old reward:
The blame of those ye better, The hate of those ye guard--
The cry of hosts ye humour (Ah, slowly!) toward the light:--
"Why brought he us from bondage, Our loved Egyptian night?"
Take up the White Man's burden, Ye dare not stoop to less--
Nor call too loud on Freedom To cloke your weariness;
By all ye cry or whisper, By all ye leave or do,
The silent, sullen peoples Shall weigh your gods and you.
Take up the White Man's burden, Have done with childish days--
The lightly proferred laurel, The easy, ungrudged praise.
Comes now, to search your manhood, through all the thankless years
Cold, edged with dear-bought wisdom, The judgment of your peers!
ManifestDestiny

In the 19th century, Manifest Destiny was the widely held belief in the United States that American
settlers were destined to expand throughout the continent. Historians have for the most part agreed that
there are three basic themes to Manifest Destiny:
 The special virtues of the American people and their institutions;
 America's mission to redeem and remake the west in the image of agrarian America;
 An irresistible destiny to accomplish this essential duty.[1]
Historian Frederick Merk says this concept was born out of "A sense of mission to redeem the Old World
by high example [...] generated by the potentialities of a new earth for building a new heaven".[2]
Historians have emphasized that "Manifest Destiny" was a contested concept—many prominent
Americans (such asAbraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, and most Whigs) rejected it. Historian Daniel
Walker Howe writes, "American imperialism did not represent an American consensus; it provoked bitter
dissent within the national polity.... Whigs saw America's moral mission as one of democratic example
rather than one of conquest."[3]
Manifest Destiny provided the rhetorical tone for the largest acquisition of U.S. territory. It was used
by Democrats in the 1840s to justify the war with Mexico and it was also used to divide half of Oregon
with Great Britain. But Manifest Destiny always limped (proceed with difficulty) along because of its
internal limitations and the issue of slavery, says Merk. It never became a national priority. By 1843 John
Quincy Adams, originally a major supporter, had changed his mind and repudiated (to disapprove of
something formally and strongly and renounce any connection with it) Manifest Destiny because it meant the
expansion of slavery in Texas.[4]
33. WhichFilipinoGeneral wasassassinatedby fellowrevolutionistsinCabanatuan, Nueva Ecija on
June 5, 1899 togetherwith his aide Col. Paco Roman?
A. General Gregoriodel Pilar C. General AntonioLuna
B. General Macario Sakay D. General SimeonOla
Nasabi na kaninakung paanosya pinatay...
Gregoriodel Pilarwaskilledinactioninthe Battle of TiradPass on December2,1899.
Macario Sakay - At his trial, Sakay was accused of "bandolerismo under the Brigandage Act of Nov. 12,
1902, which interpreted all acts of armed resistance to American rule as banditry." The colonial Supreme
Court of the Philippines upheld the decision.[8]
Sakay was sentenced to death, and hanged on 13
September 1907.
Simeon Ola - Simeon Ola died on February 14, 1952 and was interred at the Roman Catholic Cemetery
of Guinobatan.
34. 17. WhichnewspaperpublishedJose Palma’spoem Filipinas,whichbecame the lyrics for the
Marcha Nacional Filipinaof JulianFelipe,onSeptember3, 1899?
A. La Independencia C. La Solidaridad

B. La Revolucion D. El Heraldode la Revolucion
José Palma y Velasquez (3 June 1876 – 12 February 1903) was a Filipinopoet and soldier. He was on
the staff of La Independencia at the time he wrote «Filipinas», a patriotic poem in Spanish. It was
published for the first time in the issue of the first anniversary of La Independencia on 3 September 1899.
35. Whichuniversitywas establishedinAugust 1901 and became the first Protestant Universityinthe
Philippines?
A. Universityof the Philippines (Est.In1908) C. New Era University
B. SillimanUniversity D. Universityof SantoTomas
Universityof the Philippines - Founded in 1908 through Act No. 1870 of the First Philippine Legislature,
known as the "University Act" by authority of the United States, the University currently provides the
largest number of degree programs in the country.[5]
Senate Resolution No. 276 of the Senate of the
Philippines recognizes the University as "the nation’s premier university".[7][8][9]
New Era University – New Era University (NEU) is a private educational institution in thePhilippines,
run by the Iglesia ni Cristo (INC). It is also the largest non-Catholic school in its country and in Asia. Its
main campus located at No. 9 Central Avenue, New Era, Quezon City, in the Central Office Complex of
the INC. It has several branches around the Philippines, including one inSan Fernando City, Pampanga,
in Lipa City, Batangas and in General Santos City, South Cotabato.
Founded in June 17, 1975, it was known as the New Era Educational Institute, and was located
in Echague, Quiapo, Manila, along Carlos Palanca St. It initially offered only secondary education (high
school) but later expanded in 1977 to serve technical and vocational courses under its Center for
Livelihood and Skills Training (CLST). It also offers graduate (i.e. master's and doctoral) programmes.

In 1981, it was renamed New Era College after the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports (MECS)
granted collegiate status, and later in June 1995, to its present name, New Era University, when
the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) granted university status.
Universityof SantoTomas - Founded on 28 April 1611 by archbishop of Manila Miguel de Benavides, it
has the oldest extant university charter in the Philippines and in Asia[2][3]
and is one of the world's largest
Catholic universities in terms of enrollment found on one campus.[4][5]
UST is also the largest university in
the city of Manila. As the only Pontifical University in Asia,[6]
UST is the only university to have been
visited by two popes three times: once by Pope Paul VI on Nov. 28, 1970, and twice by Pope John Paul
II on Feb. 18, 1981 and January 13, 1995.[7]
36. 18. In which battle did General Gregoriodel Pilarfight and die in action on December2, 1899?
A. Battle of HerodPass (Gawa gawalang) C. Battle of Tirad Pass
B. Battle of Pinaglabanan D. Battle of Biak-na-Bato
Nasabi na kanina...
(FoughtbyGregoriodel Pilaron December 2, 1899 at Tirad Pass, Ilocos Sur, Philippines)
Death
On December 2, 1899, del Pilar led 60 Filipino soldiers of Aguinaldo's rear guard in the Battle of Tirad
Pass against the "Texas Regiment", the 33rd Infantry Regiment of the United States led by Peyton C.
March. A delaying action to cover Aguinaldo's retreat, the five-hour standoff resulted in Del Pilar's death
from a shot to the neck, either at the height or at end of the fighting, depending on eyewitness accounts.
Del Pilar's body was later despoiled and robbed by the victorious American soldiers.[10]
Del Pilar's body lay unburied for days, exposed to the elements. While retracing the trail, an American
officer, Lt. Dennis P. Quinlan, gave the body a traditional U.S. military burial. Upon del Pilar's tombstone,
Quinlan inscribed, "An Officer and a Gentleman".[11]
In 1930, del Pilar's body was exhumed and was identified by the gold tooth and braces he had installed
while in exile in Hong Kong.[citation needed]
37. In this massacre that occured on September28, 1901, about 180 Filipinosattacked72 American
soldiersand killedmany of them.Soon after, the Americans retaliatedby killingeveryFilipino in
Samar who refusedto surrenderand were capable of carrying arms, including10-year-oldboys.
Whichmassacre was this?
A. Balangagmassacre C. Catbaloganmassacre
B. Balangiga massacre D. Calbayogmassacre

38. 19. Where didthe Americanscapture General EmilioAguinaldo on March 23, 1901?
A. Ilagan,Isabela C. Naguilian,Isabela
B. Palanan, Isabela D. Ramon,Isabela
On 23 March 1901, Aguinaldo was captured at his headquarters in Palanan, Isabela. On 19 April 1901,
Aguinaldo took an oath of allegiance to the United States, formally ending the First Republic and
recognizing the sovereignty of the United States over the Philippines.[14]
1. ZAIDE, Sonia M (1999). The Philippines: A Unique Nation. All-Nations Publishing. ISBN 978-
9716420715. "2nd edition; 478 pp; 8.4 x 5.8 x 0.7 inches"
39. WhichAct of the PhilippineCommission waspassed in1901 to provide forthe publiceducation
system,whichincludesthe use of Englishasthe mediumof instruction,free primaryeducationanda
normal school forthe trainingof teachers?
A. Act72 C. Act 74
B. Act 73 D. Act 75
Act No. 74, Education Act of 1901
[No. 74.] AN ACT establishing a department of public instruction in the
Philippine Islands, and appropriating forty thousand dollars ($40,000) for the

organization and maintenance of a normal, and a trade school in Manila, and
fifteen thousand dollars ($15,000) for the organization and maintenance of an
agricultural school in the island of Negros for the year 1901
By authority of the President of the United States, be it enacted by the United States
Philippine Commission,that:
40. 20. ___________ was originallya group of about five hundredAmericanteachers sentby the U.S.
governmentto the PhilippinesinAugust1901 who arrived on the USAT Thomas.
A. Thomasians C. Thomasitus
B. Thomasites D. Thomasilles
The Thomasites arrived in the Philippines on August 21,[1] 1901, to establish a new public school system,
to teach basic education, and to train Filipino teachers, with English as the medium of
instruction.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8] The Philippines had enjoyed a public school system since 1863, when a Spanish
decree first introduced public elementary education in the Philippines. The Thomasites, however,
expanded and improved the public school system and switched to English as the medium of instruction.
The name Thomasite was derived from the transport vessel USAT Thomas (earlier known
as SS Minnewaska in private service), which brought the educators to the shores of Manila
Bay.[7] Although two groups of new American graduates arrived in the Philippines before USS Thomas,
the name Thomasite became the designation of all pioneer American teachers simply because
USS Thomas had the largest contingent. Later batches of American teachers were also dubbed
Thomasites.[2]
The Thomasites—365 males and 165 females—left Pier 12 of San Francisco on July 23, 1901, to sail via
the Pacific Ocean to South East Asia. The U.S. government spent about $105,000 for the expedition.
More American teachers followed the Thomasites in 1902, making a total of about 1,074 stationed in the
Philippines.[3][4][7]
At the time, the Thomasites were offered $125 a month, but once in the Philippines salaries were often
delayed and were usually paid in devalued Mexican pesos.[2][4][5]
41. What is the name of the firstlabor federationinthe country which was establishedat Teatro
VariedadesinSampaloc, Manila, with Isabelode los Reyesas presidentand HermenigildoCruzas
secretary?
A. Union ObreroDemocratica (Correction:Change toUnion Obrera Democratica)
C. Trade Union Congressof the Philippines
B. Alliance of Progressive Labor D. Bukluranng ManggagawangPilipino
The Unión Obrera Democrática Filipina (Spanish for 'Democratic Workers Union of the Philippines')
was a trade unioncentre in the Philippines. The organization was the first modern trade union federation
in the country, earlier labour groups had been more of mutual aid societies and guilds.[1]
The organization

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