1. Current CCS Activities in Japan
October 4, 2011
Shigeki Sakurai
Senior Executive Director
Japan Coal Energy Center
1

2. Contents
1. CCS Policy in JAPAN
2. CCS Significance in Coal Resources
3. Current CCS Activities in Japan
4. Implementation by JCOAL
2

3. 1. CCS Policy in JAPAN
(1) Basic Energy Plan (Cabinet Decision on June 18, 2010)
(2) Fundamental Viewpoint for Future energy Policy in light on the
Earthquake Disaster
(Council on the Realization of the New Growth Strategy by METI on June 7, 2011)
(3) Future Agenda: “Four Pillars” and “Three Strategies” (on June 7, 2011)
(4) Future Directions of Coal Policy
(5) An Innovative Zero-emission Coal Fired Power Generation System
(6) CCS Technology Development Road Map
3

4. (1) Basic Energy Plan
(Cabinet Decision on June 18, 2010)
(Advanced thermal power generation)
While accelerating the technology development aimed at the practical
application of CCS by around 2020, consider the introduction of CCS Ready in new
construction and expansion of coal-fired plants in the future. Also, consider CCS
introduction to coal fueled power generation by 2030, which is planned for future
practical application.
Specific requirements of CCS ready will be studied using the EU Directive as
reference. As the requirement for CCS ready permit approval of a thermal power
plant of more than 300,000kW, the EU Directive (June 2009) demands a survey of
whether (1) an adequate geological storage site for CO2 exists, (2) CO2
transportation is possible technically and economically, and (3) future
construction of CO2 capture/injection facilities is technically and economically
possible. If CCS was found technically and economically feasible as a result of
such a survey, space shall be secured for facilities necessary for CO2 capture and
injection.
4

5. (2) Fundamental Viewpoint for Future energy Policy in light on
the Earthquake Disaster
From “3E” to “S+3E” Source: Council on the Realization of the New Growth Strategy by METI on June 7, 2011
The importance of energy policy's fundamental policy 3E (Energy Security, Economic Growth,
Environment Protection) remains, but in addition to this, we must reaffirm that S (Safety obtainment) is
a major premise. Especially for nuclear energy, it is imperative that all possible measures are taken to
obtain safety.
“Energy Security” requires not only a reduction in dependence on overseas resources, but also an
establishment of energy supply framework which is strong against domestic emergencies such as
natural disasters . To do so, we must take in consideration the potential risk where a reliance on large-
scale centralized power occurs, and must realize a double-track / multiple layered system with a
coexistence of decentralized power and non-electrical energy sources.
For "Demand side", added to the continued efforts for streamlining of energy consumption through
innovations in energy saving technologies, we must also rethink the way of society where limitless
increase in energy consumption is accepted, and transform to "energy/power saving model“.
Action based on time -line
Short term (1~3 years): Removing fears of electricity supply is the priority task. Deploy safety supply
oriented policy in order to support “recovery and restoration” of affected areas and the “recovery of
Japanese economy”.
Medium term (3~10 years)：Obtain a balance between economic growth and environmental protection
to aim for “sustainable growth" while under the premise of stable supply.
Long term (10~20 years): Realization of world’s strongest energy supply/demand structure considering
the outcome of technological innovations.
5

6. (3) Future Agenda: “Four Pillars” and “Three Strategies”
(Source; METI on June 7, 2011)
On the foundation of "S+3E", have the "renewable energy" as a new pillar for the supply side alongside "fossil
fuels" and "nuclear power“, and strengthen the "energy saving" efforts on the demand side.
Accelerate energy demand structure reform and economic growth through energy system reforms, energy
technology innovations, and international strategies.
Realization of optimum supply structure Realization of energy/power saving demand structure
Nuclear Renewable Energy
Fossil fuel saving
power energy
- Improvement of economic - Innovation of energy
- Reduction of environmental - Obtainment of high level growth through technical saving technologies
impact safety innovation - Transfer to energy saving
- Ensuring of stable supply - Maximum utilization of structure for a more
potentials in natural resources economic society
Energy system reform
(Stable supply, competitiveness (participation by various entities)/ economic growth)
Energy technology innovation
(renewable energy, fossil fuel, energy saving / low carbon)
International strategies
Obtainment of resources Contribute to global warming issues International cooperation
6

7. (4) Future Directions of Coal Policy
(Source; METI on June 7, 2011)
<1>Stable coal supply
(Response to increase in coal demands in Asian
Strengthen
multi-layered countries) Packaging of
relationships system
through co- infrastructure
• Strengthening of strategic public-private undertakings in order to
development exports and
of coal
obtain resources resource
utilization obtainment
technologies
Japan to lead
the world's coal
usage
<2>Technological innovations <3>Worldwide development of
towards zero emissions CCT
• Promotion of high-efficiency thermal power • International contribution towards CO2
generation and CCS reduction
• Multipurpose usage of low grade coal • Utilization of bilateral credit mechanism
Further strengthening of ties with coal producing and coal consuming
countries 7

8. (5) An Innovative Zero-emission Coal Fired Power Generation System
As a response to global warming issue, coal fired power generation is strongly demanded
to reduce CO2 emissions.
Coordinating high-efficiency coal fired power generation and CCS (Carbon Capture and
Storage) in order to realize a complete system.
（Source; METI(March, 2008))
[Coal Gasification &
Combustion] [Separation & Capture] [ Transportation] [Geological Storage]
- Storage potential and
Off-gas cost investigation
(Returning to the smoke stack)
(several areas around
the country)
- Verified in the U.S.
Exhaust Gas Storage Tank Injection
CO2Concentration： Liquefaction Facilities Transportation by Ship
Facilities Well
7～40%
[Geological Storage]
CO2 Pump & Carburetor
CO2 Storage Tank Facilities
CO2Recovery
Device
Coal Gasification Power Plant Compressor
-Verification tests in order to Chemical separation and
expand absorption methods of CO2
the range of compatible coal types.
-Development and verification of
oxygen separation devices
8

9. (6) CCS Technology Development Road Map
(Source; “Cool Earth Innovative Energy Technology Program”, METI(March, 2008))
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
4,200sJPY 2,000sJPY 1,000sJPY/t-CO2 (Adoption of separation membrane)
/t-CO2 /t-CO2
Drastic reduction of capture cost
CO2
Capture
- Chemical Absorption, Physical absorption/adsorption,Membrane
separation,Utilization of unused low-grade exhaust heat to
regenerate absorbent etc.
- Size increase in separation membrane, Successive production
Geological
Storage of Leap in storage potential
CO2
Pilot study on
Large-scale demonstration
geological storage
Full-scale domestic implementation of underground storage
- Aquifer, Depleted oil and gas field, Coal seam
- Transportation technologies
9

10. 2. CCS Significance of Coal Resources
(1) Potential of CCS
(2) Significance of CCS
(3) Future Market of CCS
10

11. (1) Potential of CCS
The technical global potential of CCS is about 2 trillion tons (equivalent to 70 years CO2
emission at the current level) (IPCC Special Report on CCS)
It is estimated that 19% of the emission reduction in 2050 will be made by CCS
(IEA, “Energy Technology Perspectives 2010”)
Contribution of individual technologies in global warming countermeasures
11

12. (2) Significance of CCS
CO2 emission
Global CO2 emissions by Sector Share
(billion tons/year)
Total Global CO2 emissions 28.96 100.0%
From power generation 10.90 37.6%
From Coal-fired power generation 8.68 30.0%
（source）IEA CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion (2009)
30% of the world’s CO2 emission are from coal-fired plants
In addition to efficiency improvement of coal-fired plants, capture/storage of CO2
emitted from them is a very important agenda when considering global CO2 emission
reduction. Furthermore, the same technologies can be used for other large emission
sources (iron making, cement production, etc).
12

13. (3) Future Market of CCS
Mt CO2/yr （source）IEA Technology Roadmap 2009
10Gt CO2/yr
power
industry
Upstream
biomass. gas
Investment
Power sec.
Every 10 years
Indu.+ ups. sec.
(Billion $)
Total
13

14. 3. Current CCS Activities in Japan
(1) Implementation by J-POWER and others (Three major CO2
Capture technologies from thermal power plants)
(2) Implementation by Toshiba (PCF)
(3) Implementation by Hitachi
(4) Implementation by RITE
(5) Implementation by Japan CCS
(6) Implementation by Nippon Steel Eng. Co. and Chiyoda Co.
14

15. (1) Implementation by J-POWER and others (Three major CO2
Capture technologies from thermal power plants)
4 Partnership: J-POWER/MHI
PCF 4 Method: Chemical Adsorption (KS-1)
Post-combustion 4 Gas flow rate: 1,750Nm3/h
J-POWER
4 CO2 Capture rate: 10 t/day
Pilot Plant Matsuhima P/S
4 Test period: July ‘06 – October ‘08
4 Partnership: J-POWER,IHI, Mitsui corp.,
PCF CS Energy, ACA, Xstrata Coal, Shlumberger
4 Fund: Australian Gov. and Japanese Gov.
Oxyfuel 4 Plant Capacity: 30MWe
Combustion 4 CO2 Capture rate: Up to 75t/d Callide A P/S in QL,
Australia
4 Storage: Depleted gas field / Saline Aquifer
Demo. Plant
4 Test period: August ‘11 – Mid ‘14
4 Partnership: J-POWER/NEDO
Coal Gasification 4 Method: Chemical Adsorption (MDEA)
4 Gas flow rate: 1,000Nm3/h
Pre-Combustion J-POWER Wakamatsu
4 CO2 Capture rate: approx. 20 t/d
Research Institute,
Pilot Plant 4 Test period: Nov. ‘08 – March ‘10 EAGLE plant
15

16. (2) Implementation by Toshiba (PCF)
・CO2 Capture rate : 10 tons /day
・Capture Technology : Post –combustion, amine absorption
・Operating Hours to Date : 5,255 hours ( as of July 2011 )
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17. (2) Implementation by Toshiba (PCF)
17

18. (3) Implementation by Hitachi
18

19. (3) Implementation by Hitachi
19

20. (4) Implementation by RITE
(Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth)
Technological development for preventing global warming
• Turning fossil energy into clean energy
• Fluid energy production from renewable resources
• CO2 fixation using plants
Support policymaking by Japan and other countries
• Proposal of modeling-based global warming strategies for the near to distant
future
Geological Storage Capacity Estimation
• Many aquifers and some depleted oil/gas reservoirs were investigated for a
CO2 storage reservoir.
• Detail site characterization of candidate sites for large scale demonstration are
being conducted (JCCS).
Nagaoka Project
• 10,000 tons of CO2 were injected into a deep saline aquifer and various kinds
of monitoring were applied to identify CO2 migration and distribution.
• Those monitoring is on going now.
20

21. (4) Implementation by RITE
Sedimentary Layers around Japan
Based on data of Government funded preliminary
seismic and drilling survey for exploring of natural
resources
Geophysical Prospecting line
(except depth
/lithofacies)
Boundary of sea area
(Natural gas field)
(more than 800m in
thickness)
Shallower than
200m in depth
Shallower than
1000m in depth
21

22. (4) Implementation by RITE
Nagaoka test site
• FY2000-2007 by METI, Japan
CO2 Storage in Nagaoka field
• Injected 10,400 ton CO2
Active oil and gas field (2003.7-2005.1)
at Minami Nagaoka • Reservoir; Pleistocene sandstone
(Teikoku Oil) • permeability ave. 7mD
• porosity ca.23%
• 48oC, 11MPa
Reservoir
Niigata
1,100m
Tokyo
5000m Gas production RITE (Kyoto) 22

23. (5) Implementation by Japan CCS Co. Ltd.(Shareholders are 36
companies, Electric power, Petroleum, Engineering, Ian and Steel and other companies)
Outline of Japan CCS Co. Ltd.
Established through investment by power, steel, oil, oil development, chemical
and other companies in May 2008 with the aim of conducting research &
development and surveys for practical application of the technologies for the
separation, collection, transportation and geological storage of carbon dioxide
(CCS) in Japan.
Survey Status of Candidate Sites for CCS Demonstration Project
Tomakomai (Hokkaido)
Elastic wave exploration was carried out from October 2009 to September 2010.
Test wells were drilled from November 2010 to June 2011. Now date obtained from the drilling
are under analysis.
Nakoso-Iwaki oki (Fukushima)
Pipeline survey was conducted in July-August 2009.
Tomakomai
Negotiation for survey well drilling have been made with the local fishery
cooperatives.
In light of the Great East Japan Earthquake of March 11, 2011, survey at the site
and negotiations for them are suspended at the moment.
Nakoso-Iwaki oki
Kitakusyu (Fukuoka)
Test boring was conducted from May to October 2010.
Currently the data obtained through the test are under analysis to Kitakyushu
assess the storage performance 23

24. (6) Implementation by Nippon Steel Eng. Co. and Chiyoda Co.
ECOPRO Project (Highly Efficient Pyrolysis Integrated Coal Gasification Project)
The Australia/Japan joint demonstration project to do a gasification of low rank coal (Brown Coal) which the utilization at the
state of Victoria in Australia is expected in the future, to produce substituted natural gas (SNG) and to implement CO2 capture
and storage (CCS)
The implementation for demonstration research of highly efficient pyrolysis technology which is developed by national project
in Japan
Gas (H2 , CO, CH4) Fuel, Chemicals
SNG, FT-oil
Entrained Flow gasifier NH3, CH3OH
Power Generation
【
【
【
【Pyrolysis 】
】
】
】 IGCC, Gas Engine,
Brown Coal Coal + Heat CO,H2,CH4,+ α Fuel Cell
Light Oil
Drying & Oil Chemicals
Pulverizing BTX, Naphthalene
Char
Steel making
Carbon material
O2 【 Partial oxidation】
Coal + O2,steam CO,H2,+ Heat + α
Slag
Inorganic materials Energy Efficiency : 85%(at commercial plant)
Cement, etc. Process Stability : Continuous operation of 900hrs
Schedule Organization
2010～
～ Preliminary Feasibility Study Australia Federal Government (DRET)
2012～2015
～ Plant Construction Victoria state Government (DPI)
2015～2016
～ Operation for Demonstration Brown Coal Business Research Australia (BCBRA)
Nippon Steel Engineering/Chiyoda/JCOAL
A Role of JCOAL
Coal Gasification Technology Assessment & Market Study Austra ia
ｌ
ｌ
ｌ
ｌ
Victoria
Investigation for Trend of Low Rank Coal Gasification Technology 20t/d Pilot Plant
Investigation for Drying Technology of Brown Coal at NSC Yawata works
Coordination of the Working Group Activities Demonstration Plant 24

25. 4. Implementation by JCOAL
(1) Medium Term Business Plan of JCOAL
(2) CCS Group in JCOAL
(3) Callide Oxyfuel Project
(4) Outline of the Work for Structuring Information of
CO2 Storage in Southeast Asia
(5) Eco Coal Town Project (ECT)
25

26. (1) Medium Term Business Plan of JCOAL
Fundamental Mission・Objective - Realization of Clean Coal Frontier -
・
JCOAL is achieving a sustainable economic growth and overcoming global warming issues through
active utilization of coal based on the securing of stable coal as our fundamental objective as the
unique body having expert knowledge and experience of coal related fields in the world , namely
“ onestop organization of coal” just “ global JCOAL”.
＜6 Core Activities and 5 Business Principles ＞
Clean Coal Policy
6 Core Activities
• Securing Stable Coal Supply
Exchanging Information , • Highly Efficient Coal Utilization
Policy Proposal
Promotion of Transfer Promotion of Clean Comprehensive Promotion Strategic Business
of Development Coal
of Coal Technology Coal Technology Resources Promotion
•ECT Group
Enhancement of Public ・LRC Group
Relations & Human ・CCS Group
Resources Development
5 Business Principles
Comprehensive & Selective Business Business Business Development by further
Flexible and
Overlooked Business Development collaboration with member
Development by Up & Development followed by Country companies and expected
Maneuverable
Business Opportunity
Down Stream Integration Theme by Theme Strategy Business Opportunity
26

27. (2) CCS Group in JCOAL
CCS Group has been formed since April 2011(upgrade from CCS Team, started
from July 2010)
Main Mission
i. Collection and provision of CCS-related information
ii. Planning and Proposal of CCS-related business
iii. Participation in investigation and research business on CCS
iv. Participation in research and development , demonstration business on CCS
v. Contribution to CCS-related business as a host of GCCSI Japanese members
meeting
Main Activities
i. Promotion of Oxyfuel-CCS demonstration Callide project with Australia.
（2006 - 2015)
ii. Implementation of Joint Research and Development on Oxy-Combustion
Technology with Dept. of Energy(DOE)/National Energy Technology
Laboratory(NEL).(2010-)
iii. Yubari CO2-ECBM Pilot Test was conducted in Hokkaido.(2003 - 2007)
27

28. (3) Callide Oxyfuel Project
Project positioning
World’s first “Series system of Coal utilization, Power generation, CO2 capture and
CO2 storage in the application to existing power plant system”
Oxy-fuel combustion system Power Plant
Coal C,H,O,N,S,Ash Boiler Flue gas
（
（
（
（ ）
）
）
） N2 O2
， Callide-A #4 unit (30 MWe)
treatment
N2
Air
（
（
（
（N2 O2
、
、
、
、 ）
）
）
） CO2 storage CO2 storage site
O2
Compress/Cooling ・Store 10-20 x103 tonCO2
ASU
H2O SO2
・Surat Basin Saline Aquifer
Flue gas recycle CO2
（ ） ・・・， ，
Schedule
・LETDF Announcement: 30 Oct 2006
・APP Flagship Project: 15 Oct 2007
・Signing JV Agreement: 20 March 2008
・Launch Ceremony: 14 Nov 2008
・Oxy-firing: 2011 - 2014
・CO2 storage & monitoring: 2012 - 2016
・CO2 storage feasibility study is
supported by GCCSI.
QLD
Callide A P/S
Australia
CO2
storage Brisbane
area
28

29. (4) Outline of the Work for Structuring Information of
CO2 Storage in Southeast Asia
Dissemination of CCS and aiming to build up a commercial CCS project in
Southeast Asia by taking the opportunity of the GCCSI Japan office opening in
September 2011.
The purpose of this work, Structuring Information of “CO2 Storage Potential and
incremental Oil and Gas Volumes” for CO2-EOR and CO2-ECBM in Southeast Asia,
is to accelerate and build up CCS projects in Southeast Asian countries.
Work Items
No. Work Items
1 Prepare Comprehensive Work Plan
2 Data Acquisition and Quality Check
3 Screening of Oil Fields on CO2-EOR Application
4 Screening of CBM Fields on CO2-ECBM Application
5 Estimation of CO2 Storage Potential and Incremental Oil Volumes for Oil Fields
6 Estimation of CO2 Storage Potential and Incremental Gas Volumes for CBM Fields
7 Summarization of Estimation Results
29

30. (4) Outline of the Work for Structuring Information of
CO2 Storage in Southeast Asia
Work Organization
GCCSI, etc.
GCCSI
PM
JCOAL, and JAPANESE LEGAL MEMBERS
(JCOAL JAPANESE LEGAL MEMBERS)
Estimation Works for CO2-ECBM Estimation Works for CO2-EOR
(JCOAL and/or JAPANESE LEGAL MEMBERS) (JAPANESE LEGAL MEMBERS)
Sub-contractor
< Data Acquisition >
30

31. (5) Eco Coal Town Project (ECT)
To propose the master plan to realize the production of highly value added products from brown coal and
bituminous coal in ECT.
To propose the master plan and to conduct basic feasibility study based on optimum integration of Japanese
Clean Coal Technologies (CCT) including engineering and operation system.
To show the procedure to realize ECT in conjunction with needs from enterprises and the construction plan for
infrastructures in coal producing countries.
Long distance Coal AMM
transmission mines VAM
VAM
N2 Goaf sealing (E)CMM
CMM
(E)CBM VAM
Preparation turbine
CO2
Gasifier Waste heat
recovery boiler
Waste heat
O2 Ash CMM Gas
recovery boiler
Gas Concentration Turbine
Turbine CFB refuse power plant
Steam system
Air IGCC Turbine
Coal-fired Power Cogeneration of
separator Plant CH4 power and heat
Sludge Steam Turbine
Air CMM gas
Wet type Fermentation engine
Dry type deSOx methane
deNOx & deSOx Gypsum Waste water
Coke, tar, BTX treatment Gas Holder
Fly ash SNG, LNG, GTL, DME, etc.
& slug Gas supply
Activated
control
Carbon Automobile
Waste water fuel
treatment CH4
Lime Cement manufacturing
Town
Fly ash & slug processing Regional gas/heat
technologies for roadbed material supply center Heat
and concrete mixture, etc. pump
Gas cogeneration system 31

32. Thank you very much for your kind attention
Major Activities of JCOAL
～ Coal One-stop Organization ～
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