1. Ideas that helped changeIdeas that helped change
the world at thethe world at the
beginning of the twentiethbeginning of the twentieth
centurycentury

2. Key ConceptsKey Concepts
 EmpireEmpire – the peoples and– the peoples and
territories ruled by one moreterritories ruled by one more
powerful countrypowerful country
 Constitutional monarchyConstitutional monarchy ––
in Britain the parliament is thein Britain the parliament is the
governing body. The monarchgoverning body. The monarch
as head of state in an importantas head of state in an important
figurehead, whose powers arefigurehead, whose powers are
limited by a constitution. Thelimited by a constitution. The
prime minister is the head ofprime minister is the head of
governmentgovernment
 Parliamentary democracyParliamentary democracy ––
government of the peoplegovernment of the people
through the decision making ofthrough the decision making of
those whom they elected tothose whom they elected to
parliament.parliament.
 LiberalismLiberalism – a view of society– a view of society
emphasising individuals (notemphasising individuals (not
classes) and their rights toclasses) and their rights to
freedom of political, religious,freedom of political, religious,
intellectual and artisticintellectual and artistic
expression. Support forexpression. Support for
parliamentary democracy andparliamentary democracy and
free enterprise economyfree enterprise economy

3. Key ConceptsKey Concepts
 AutocracyAutocracy - ruler is unwilling to- ruler is unwilling to
share political power or haveshare political power or have
any limits placed on itany limits placed on it
 Dynastic rulersDynastic rulers – rulers who– rulers who
have inherited their powers fromhave inherited their powers from
other family membersother family members
 DemocracyDemocracy – government by– government by
elected representatives of theelected representatives of the
peoplepeople
 RevolutionRevolution – overthrow of– overthrow of
ruling order by a massruling order by a mass
movement of disaffectedmovement of disaffected
citizens usually by violentcitizens usually by violent
meansmeans
 ImperialismImperialism –the practice–the practice
of increasing a nation’sof increasing a nation’s
power by taking control ofpower by taking control of
other nations and theirother nations and their
resourcesresources
 New ImperialismNew Imperialism – of the late– of the late
1919thth
and early 20and early 20thth
characterisedcharacterised
by nations’ aggressive pursuit ofby nations’ aggressive pursuit of
colonies, accompanied bycolonies, accompanied by
intense rivalry with one anotherintense rivalry with one another
and motivated by notions ofand motivated by notions of
their own racial and intellectualtheir own racial and intellectual
superiority to policies whomsuperiority to policies whom
they sought to control.they sought to control.

4. Key ConceptsKey Concepts
 Secular societySecular society – the– the
decline and influence ofdecline and influence of
religion on societyreligion on society
 SocialismSocialism – a doctrine– a doctrine
promoting the people’spromoting the people’s
ownership (through theownership (through the
State) of a nation’sState) of a nation’s
resources and redistributionresources and redistribution
of its wealthof its wealth
 Self DeterminationSelf Determination –a–a
people’s right to exercisepeople’s right to exercise
independent control overindependent control over
their nation’s destinytheir nation’s destiny
 NationalismNationalism –a sense of–a sense of
national identity developnational identity develop
from belonging to a culturalfrom belonging to a cultural
group and a desire togroup and a desire to
achieve common goalsachieve common goals
regardless how this mightregardless how this might
affect other countriesaffect other countries
 Pan-NationalismPan-Nationalism the desirethe desire
to unite all people of theto unite all people of the
same cultural and linguisticsame cultural and linguistic
group even if they aregroup even if they are
located within the nationallocated within the national
boundaries of anotherboundaries of another
nationnation

5. Key ConceptsKey Concepts
 SuffrageSuffrage – a term used to– a term used to
describe the right to votedescribe the right to vote
 Trade UnionismTrade Unionism – the– the
development of workers’development of workers’
power through theirpower through their
combination into groupscombination into groups
that represent and fight forthat represent and fight for
their intereststheir interests
 UrbanisationUrbanisation – movement of– movement of
people to the cities and theirpeople to the cities and their
subsequent growth insubsequent growth in
geography and economicgeography and economic
importanceimportance
 AnarchismAnarchism – a political– a political
movement aiming tomovement aiming to
overthrow governmentaloverthrow governmental
authority and replace itauthority and replace it
with the voluntarywith the voluntary
cooperation of group andcooperation of group and
individual working for theindividual working for the
common good.common good.
 IndustrialisationIndustrialisation – the– the
production of goods usingproduction of goods using
machinery rather thatmachinery rather that
manual labour andmanual labour and
becomes the basis of abecomes the basis of a
society’s economysociety’s economy

6. Key ConceptsKey Concepts
 SectarianismSectarianism – the– the
view that one religiousview that one religious
belief has superioritybelief has superiority
over othersover others
 FeminismFeminism – action to– action to
support the attainmentsupport the attainment
of political, economicof political, economic
an social equality foran social equality for
womenwomen
 AlliancesAlliances – agreements– agreements
between nations to workbetween nations to work
together for a specific goaltogether for a specific goal
which could be economic orwhich could be economic or
defencedefence
 GlobalisationGlobalisation – the process– the process
of increasing interactionof increasing interaction
and interdependenceand interdependence
among world’s peoples andamong world’s peoples and
the export of ideas, capital,the export of ideas, capital,
products and cultureproducts and culture

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