The document provides an overview of brain injury, including what constitutes a brain injury, different types of brain injuries, factors that impact recovery, and the stages of recovery. It discusses that a brain injury can result from blows to the head or lack of oxygen/blood to the brain. Types of injuries include closed head, open head, diffuse axonal, concussion, and penetrating injuries. Factors like age, area/amount of injury, time since injury, and pre-injury skills can impact recovery. Stages of recovery are described using the Ranchos Los Amigos Scale and include levels from no response to localized response to confused/agitated.

13. Acquired Brain Injury An acquired brain injury is an injury to the brain, which is not hereditary, congenital, degenerative, or induced by birth trauma. An acquired brain injury is an injury to the brain that has occurred after birth .

38. The Ranchos Los Amigos Scale consists of eight levels, and is described below. Individuals go through these levels at different rates, and improvement may vary at any level. Individuals may fluctuate between two levels at the same time. Suggestions for working with your family member at each stage of recovery is provided .

78. Personality traits may become exaggerated or more extreme after a brain injury. A reserved, quiet person may become even more even more withdrawn and quiet An assertive, active person may become aggressive and even more outspoken