Contenu connexe Similaire à Biomimicry in Civil Engineering Design Similaire à Biomimicry in Civil Engineering Design (20) Plus de GP Design PS (20) 1. Engineering Sustainability:
Biomimicry in Civil Engineering Design
Stylianos Yiatros
PhD DIC MEng ACGI A.M.ASCE
stylianos.yiatros@cut.ac.cy
A presentation to the CI3-311 Group Design Students
Cyprus University of Technology
Department of Civil Engineering
and Geomatics
3. Introducingmyself
Imperial College, MEng Civil & Environmental Engineering (2006)
Imperial College, PhD (DIC) Nonlinear Structural Mechanics (2010)
Currently Lecturer of Structural Engineering at Cyprus University of Technology
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Still in the IC prospectus!
4. Whatis SustainableDevelopment?
“development that meets the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own needs.”
(Brundtland Report, 1987)
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ICE Charter for Sustainable Development
“Meeting the needs of today without
compromising the needs of tomorrow”
6. Sustainabilityin CivilEngineeringProjects
A large spectrum of projects and of stakeholders requires a
common understanding
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insurers
investorsLocal authorities clientsDesigners
Contractors
Facilities Managers Demolition ContractorsDemolition Contractors
Planners
New-build
Refurbishment
Buildings
Infrastructure
7. ViciousCircle of Blame
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(Cadman, 2000)
Occupiers:
“We would like to have more
sustainable buildings to fulfill our
corporate policy commitments but
there’s little choice of properties”
Constructors:
“We could build environmentally
efficient buildings, but the
developers don’t ask for them”
Developers:
“We would ask for environmentally
efficient buildings but the investors
won’t pay for them”
Investors:
“We would fund environmentally
efficient buildings but there’s not
demand for them”
8. Circleof Virtue
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Occupiers:
We occupy more
environmentally efficient
buildings because they are
cheaper to run – and they
make us to feel good .
Constructors:
We build environmentally
efficient buildings because
our clients demand them.
Developers:
We demand environmentally
efficient buildings because
that’s what investors will put
their money into.
Investors:
We fund environmentally
buildings because that’s
what the occupiers want
and they give better
returns.
9. Regulationand Policy
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Sustainable
production and
consumption
Climate Change
and Energy
Natural resources
and enhancing the
environment
Creating
Sustainable
communities
10. Strategy for SustainableConstruction
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Aligned with
“Securing the future”
Committed, skilled
and adaptable
workforce
SUSTAINABILITY OF THE INDUSTRY ITSELF
Improving existing
regulation, building on
existing strengths
Create long-term
certainty
11. “Securing thefuture” for Construction
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• Reduce and ultimately
eliminate waste in
construction
From Thomas Telford Training Series:
Sustainable Development – Design,
Construction and Maintenance
• Re-use of existing built
assets and construction of
new, long lasting, energy
conscious and future-proof
structures.
• Reduction of environmental
impact through better
products and services
Sustainable
production and
consumption
12. “Securing thefuture” for Construction
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• Minimize carbon
emissions during
construction
From Thomas Telford Training Series:
Sustainable Development – Design,
Construction and Maintenance
• Design and construct
innovative engineering
solutions to tackle climate
change challenges of the
future
• Design and Construct
buildings with lower carbon
footprint in operation
Climate Change
and Energy
13. “Securing thefuture” for Construction
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• Facilitate water
resources conservation
in new and
refurbishment projects
From Thomas Telford Training Series:
Sustainable Development – Design,
Construction and Maintenance
• Proactive in creating,
managing and enriching
wildlife habitats and
natural landscapes
• Importance of the role for
Green Infrastructure
Natural
resources and
enhancing the
environment
14. “Securing thefuture” for Construction
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From Thomas Telford Training Series:
Sustainable Development – Design,
Construction and Maintenance
• Employs and nurtures a committed, skilled and adaptable
workforce working in an environment of zero accidents and
incidents with arrangements for education and training,
employment, health and safety
Creating
sustainable
communities
15. Strategy’s Priorities
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From Thomas Telford Training Series:
Sustainable Development – Design,
Construction and Maintenance
NECESSARY KEY
IMPROVEMENTS
energy
water
biodiversity
environment
waste
materials
TO DELIVER
OUTPUTS
procurement
Supply team
integration
design
simplification
innovation
People agenda
16. FutureTrends for legislation and policy
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From Thomas Telford Training Series:
Sustainable Development – Design,
Construction and Maintenance
• Increasingly stringent environmental legislation
• Continual emphasis on Carbon / climate change
• Binding EU Targets on Renewable Energy
• Biodiversity
• Indoor/Outdoor air quality
• Peak Oil
• Environmental Performance of Construction
17. Sustainable
Construction
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From Thomas Telford Training Series:
Sustainable Development – Design,
Construction and Maintenance
Delivers the business need
Fits in its environment
Provides “value for money”
Benefits users, stakeholders and
communities
Does not pollute
Minimizes consumption of
natural and non-renewable
resources.
18. Sustainable Engineering
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From Thomas Telford Training Series:
Sustainable Development – Design,
Construction and Maintenance
Use methods that
minimise environmental
damage to provide
sufficient food, water,
shelter and access/
mobility for a growing
world population.
Closing the loop:
Design products and
processes that use
each other’s waste as
input or raw materials
Incorporate environmental
and social constraints as
well as economic
considerations into
engineering decisions.
19. Howdo yougo aboutSustainableEngineering
• Things to remember
• “one size fits all” solutions usually don’t work in different
environments
• Look for local solutions
• Try to solve the actual problem
• Integrate services/processes
• Re-invent your business model!
• Business Model Canvass
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21. Whatis Biomimicry?
• Biomimicry:
• From the greek words “bios” (life) and “mimesis” (immitation)
• It is a design principle that seeks sustainable solutions to human
problems by consulting and emulating nature’s time tested
patterns and strategies (BFI, 2005).
• Also known as
• Biomimetics
• Bionics
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22. Whyapplybiomimicry?
• Depletion of natural
resources and ecological
disasters from use and
extraction.
• Running out of space for
storing toxic and hazardous
waste.
• Nature builds and lives on
sunlight
• Natural systems use each
others’ bi-products as raw
materials.
• Natural systems have survived 3.8bn years of evolution, adapting
and optimizing on the local conditions. © SY 2013
26. Designin nature
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• Spider web
• Light and flexible
• Fabricated at room temperature
• Gram to gram three times as
strong as steel
29. Earlybiomimetics
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• Greek Mythology
• Daedalus & Icarus trying to
escape Minoan Crete
• Build wings made of wax
mimicking bird flying
31. Earlybiomimetics
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• “… do you know where I found my model? An upright tree; it
bears its branches and these in turn the leaves and every
individual part has been growing harmoniously, magnificently
ever since God, the artist, created it…” A.Gaudí
35. ModernBiomimicry
• Business as usual not as easy as thought in the past.
• Energy becomes expensive, resources scarce.
• Waste Management a large issue
• Whole-life cycle of fabricated materials
• Greater appreciation of nature’s complex and highly optimized
processes.
• Mimicking not just shape but processes too.
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43. Biomimicryin integrated buildingdesign
• A first attempt in 2006 by a small team at the
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
of Imperial College to consider the potential of
biomimicry in structural design.
• Best UG project with Industrial Application in Civil
Engineering (2006)
• Subsequently published in
Proc. ICE Engineering
Sustainability
• Best Paper in Engineering
Sustainability for 2007.
(Yiatros et al, 2007)
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44. ProjectBrief
• To explore Biomimicry as a new approach to engineering
design
• Develop a conceptual structural design for a building that
could integrate one or more building functions/services
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47. Integrationof services
Think of the building (or the project) as an ecosystem
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• Efficient structural systems
• Minimize energy
consumption
• Natural ventilation
• Space management
• Reduction in waste
50. Floorplan
• Honey comb
• Tessellation
• Maximum use of space / Minimal
use of construction material
• Modularity
• Standardization of elements and
connections
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51. Structure: Vertical Alignment
• Moment Resisting Frame
• Stocky members
• High detail connections
• Frame with another system
for lateral stability
• Inefficiency
• Distracting Views
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52. Ventilation Strategy
• Dome shaped roof
• Reduce drag forces
• Light wells in the circumference
• Allow air from higher altitude
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57. Structural System
• Integration of gravity and lateral
load resistance system
• Redundancy
• Efficiency through standardisation
• Virtually columnless
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59. Studyresults
• Concept tested against biomimetic principles with good, but
not perfect result.
• Matrix quantifying compliance with principles
• Basic merit of the study is the rethinking of the conceptual
design stages.
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60. Rethinkingthe designprocess
• Incorporate Sustainability into the design and construction
right from the beginning
• Design integrated systems
• Minimize waste by closing the loop not only in construction
but also operation
• Biomimicry can offer solutions
• Might be worth consulting a biologist to understand natural
systems
• Learn to ask the right questions
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63. Opportunities: Materials
• Carbon neutral and carbon negative materials
• Hemcrete©
• Whole Life Cycle
• Structural Stainless steel
• Sustainable concrete mix or design
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68. Summary
• Biomimicry has always been around
• Mimicking shape
• Natural ventilation
• An alternative to current practice
• EU Directive for zero-energy buildings by 2020
• Turning a challenge into a creative opportunity
• Biomimetic principles to be used for guidance
• Plenty of Applications
• Design
• Finance
• Administration
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69. Summary
• Industrial manufacturing requires high energy
procedures
• Nature is based on information
• Hierarchy in process or design
• Scale effects
• Nothing is landfilled
• Closing the loop
• Local Problems – Local solutions
• Celebrate local expertise
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70. Conclusion
• The depletion of natural resources requires us to cooperate
and diversify our current practices.
• Creative solutions from where you least expect it
• Tapping in Biology research to solve man-made problems
• Take a walk in the park
• Launch channels of communication between disciplines
• Ultimate common goal
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71. Thankyoufor listening
• Bibliography
• Benyus, JM. 1997. Biomimicry: Innovation inspired by Nature.
William Morrow, USA.
• Braungart, M & McDonough, W. 2002. Cradle to Cradle: Re-making
the way we make things, USA.
• Gage, SA, Hunt, GR & Linden PF. 2001. “Top down ventilation and
cooling”. Journal of Architectural and Planning Research, 18, 4, 286–
301.
• Ingels, B. “Hedonistic Sustainability”. 2011, TEDxEast Talk (available at
www.ted.com)
• Innes, S. “CPD course notes on Sustainable Development: Design,
Construction and Maintainance”, Thomas Telford Training, London.
• Yiatros, S, Wadee, MA & Hunt GR. 2007. “The load bearing duct:
Biomimicry in Structural Design”. Proceedings of the ICE Engineering
Sustainability, 160 (ES4), 179-188.
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72. SupplementaryMaterial available online
• Strategy for sustainable construction
• ICE Charter for Sustainable Development
• Environmental Impact Assessment: Guide to procedures
• Biomimicry Guild (www.asknature.org)
• Expedition Workshed (www.expeditionworkshed.org)
• Resources from Embedding Sustainability to Engineering Curricula
• Granta Design CES: Materials selection (www.grantadesign.com)
• Business Model Canvass by Alex Osterwalder
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