Violence against women or Domestic violence

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2. DOW UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
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POST RN BScN Year 2 Semester 3
Presented by:
•GHULAM QADIR RAJPUT
•E.Mail: gqmcse@yahoo.com
•Cell#: 03013372448
SUBJECT: Ethical and Professional
Development in Health care
Presented to: Sir Amjad Ali
Date: 17th
February, 2017

3. OBJECTIVES
o Define the term violence
o Discuss the violence against women and its reasons.
o Understand common forms of violence against women.
Describe Domestic violence, its history and statistics.
Explore the effects of domestic violence.
Define sexual violence and its consequences.
Discuss the family violence (honor killing) and some
cases.
Recognize the physical violence (Acid attack), its reasons
and some cases.
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4. CONT…
oExplain the challenges faced by nurse.
oUnderstand the role of nurses against violence.
oApply some recommendations for violence against women.
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6. VIOLENCE
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Violence is defined by the World Health Organization
(WHO) as
“The intentional use of physical force or power, threatened
or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group
or community, which either results in or has a high likelihood
of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, mal
development, or deprivation“.

7. VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
• Violence against women also known as gender-based
violence and is collectively violent acts that are primarily
committed against women.
• The United Nations defines violence against women as:
“Any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely
to result in, physical, sexual or mental harm or suffering
to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or
arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in
public or in private life."
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8. WHY VOILENCE AGAINST WOMEN IS SO
COMMON
• Physically weak.
• Gender inequality and discrimination.
• Low level of education.
• Limited economic opportunities.
• Low level of awareness about human
rights.
• male control over decision-making and
assets.
• Lack of safe spaces for women and girls.
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9. TYPES OF GENDER BASED VIOLENCE
• Domestic Violence
• Sexual Violence
• Physical Violence
• Cultural Violence
• Religious Violence
• Socio – economic Violence
• Family Violence
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10. MOST COMMON VIOLENCE AGAINST
WOMEN IN PAKISTAN
• DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
• SEXUAL VIOLENCE
• FAMILY/ COMMUNITY VIOLENCE (Honor Killing, Dowry
Death)
• PHYSICAL VIOLENCE (ACID ATTACK)
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12. DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
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• The term domestic violence refers to abusive behavior in
any personal relationship that allows one partner to
intimidate, or to gain power and control over the other.
This is often thought of to occur between married spouses
or in other intimate relationships, but actually refers to any
family relationship, or persons living in the same home.

13. HISTORY OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCEHISTORY OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
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Historically, through the late 1800s, violence and abuse
committed against women within the confines of their
marriage was implicitly accepted as a husband’s right. It
wasn’t until the late 1970s that domestic violence started
gaining recognition as a crime of violence, and it took
another 20 years for federal and state legislation to catch
up, providing protection against, and serious punishment
for, such acts.

14. FORMS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
• Verbal Abuse
• Physical Abuse
• Emotional or
Psychological Abuse
• Economic Abuse
• Sexual Abuse
• Isolation
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15. STATISTICS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
• 63% of the participants were identified as victims of
domestic violence on Karachi Domestic Violence
Screening Scale.
• 36% of the victims were males and 64% of the victims
were females.
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Outpatient Departments Of Psychiatry, Liaqat National
Hospital, PNS Shifa and Sobraj Hospital Karachi.

16. CONT.….
• 35% of the victims reported facing physical abuse.
• 30% of the victims reported sexual abuse from their
partner.
• 60% of the victims had depression
• 90% of women in Pakistan face domestic violence (Tribune
Express).
• In 2011, Thomson Reuters survey ranked Pakistan as the
third most dangerous country for women in the world after
Afghanistan and Democratic Republic of Congo.
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17. EFFECTS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
• Anxiety
• Chronic depression
• Chronic pain
• Death
• Drug and alcohol dependence
• Health problems
• Malnutrition
• Panic attacks
• Repeated self-injury
• Self neglect
• Sexual dysfunction
• Sleep disorders
• Strained family relationships
• Suicide attempts
• Inability to adequately respond to the needs of their children
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21. SEXUAL VIOLENCE
• Sexual violence is any sexual
act or attempt to obtain a sexual act
by violence and acts to traffic a
person or acts directed against a
person's sexuality, regardless of the
relationship to the victim.
• Sexual violence against women and
girls can take many forms and is
carried out in different situations
and contexts.
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22. SEXUAL VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
The WHO’s World Report on Violence and Healthlists the following
ways in which sexual violence against females can be committed:
•Rape within marriage or dating relationships.
•Rape by strangers. (Gang Rape)
•Unwanted sexual advances or sexual harassment, including demanding
sex in return for favors
•Sexual abuse of mentally or physically disabled women
•Denial of the right to use contraception or to adopt other measures to
protect against sexually transmitted diseases
•Forced prostitution and trafficking of people for the purpose of sexual
exploitation.
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23. CONSEQUNECES OF SEXUAL
VIOLENCE
• Depression and anxiety
• Loss of self-esteem
• Emotional distress
• Nightmare
• Self blame
• Mistrust
• Chronic mental disorder
• Committing suicide
AND MANY MORE…….
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26. HONOR KILLING
Honor killings in Pakistan are known
locally as karo-kari. An honor killing
is the homicide of a member of a
family or social group by other
members, due to the belief the
victim has brought dishonor upon
the family or community. The death
of the victim is viewed as a way to
restore the reputation and honour
of the family.
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27. STATISTICS
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• According to the findings of Human Rights and Legal Aid
Centre in Karachi, in the first three months of 2013, 120
Pakistani women were murdered in the name of Honor
Killing.
• According to the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan,
“Over 1000 honor killings take place every year in
Pakistan and, in the Punjab alone, at least 700 women are
raped each year,” and then subsequent honor killing

28. SOME CASES OF HONOR KILLING IN
PAKISTAN
• On 27 April 2010, Ayman Udas, a Pashtun singer from Peshawar, was
shot to death by her two brothers who "viewed her divorce,
remarriage and artistic career as damaging to family honor.“
• On 27 May 2014, a pregnant woman named Farzana Iqbal was stoned
to death by her family in front of a Pakistani High Court for marrying
the man she loved.
• In July 2016, popular Pakistani social media celebrity Qandeel Baloch
was strangled by her brother in an act of honor killing in Multan. She
had reportedly raised controversy by posting controversial pictures
of herself on social media.
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31. ACID VIOLENCE
• Acid violence is the deliberate
use of acid to attack another
human being.
• The victims of acid violence are
mostly women and children,
and attackers often target the
head and face in order to
disfigure and blind.
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32. REASONS OF ACID ATTACK
• Revenge for refusal of a marriage proposal or other romantic
or sexual advances.
• The person throw acid with the intention of injuring or
disfiguring the bodies, and to burn the faces.
• Land or family disputes.
• Demands for dowry.
• For attending schools, for not wearing Hijaab and abaya, for
not behaving well, for speaking too much or for laughing
loudly. 32

33. STATISTICS
• Acid attacks are most prevalent in Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal and
Cambodia, they have also been reported in Afghanistan and in parts of
Africa and Europe.
• Between 150 and 400 cases of acid attacks are reported in Pakistan every
year. As many as 80 per cent of the victims are women, and almost 70
per cent are below 18. Such attacks are not used to kill the victim but to
cause disfigurement, and can often cause blindness, hearing loss and
physical and mental pain.
Published in Dawn, October 18th, 2015
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34. ACID ATTACK VICTIMS AND THEIR STORIES
Irum Saeed, 30 years old. Irum was burned
on her face, back and shoulders twelve years
ago when a boy whom she rejected for
marriage threw acid on her in the middle of
the street.
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Memuna Khan, 21years old.
Menuna was burned by a group of boys
who threw acid on her to settle a dispute
between their family.

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Najaf Sultana, 16 years old. At the age
of five Najaf was burned by her father
while she was sleeping, apparently
because he didn't want to have another girl
in the family. As a result of the burning
Najaf became blind after this incident.
Shahnaz Bibi, 35 years old.
Ten years ago Shahnaz was burned with acid by
a relative due to a familial dispute.

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38. WOMEN RIGHTS LAW OF PAKISTAN
o DOMESTIC VIOLENCE (PREVENTION & PROTECTION
BILL, 2013.
According to the bill those who found guilty of beating women or
children will face a minimum six months behind bars and a fine of at
least 100,000.
o Acid control and Acid Prevention Bill 2010. According to the
bill, the culprit would face fourteen years imprisonment and a
minimum fine of 1 Million rupees.
o In 1997 the National Assembly passed a law that provided for theIn 1997 the National Assembly passed a law that provided for the
death penalty for persons convicted of gang rape.death penalty for persons convicted of gang rape.
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39. SOME FACTS
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• It is estimated that about one third of
children who are abused or exposed to
violence as children become violent
themselves in later life.
• The sons of the most violent parents had
a rate of wife abuse 100 times higher than
the sons of the nonviolent parents.

40. DIFFICULTIES FACED BY VICTIMS
• Lack of Awareness
• Lack of Health Services
• Access to Legal Remedies
• No Job, No Income
• Social Stigma
AND MANY MORE ……
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41. CHALLENGES AS A
NURSE
• If a women comes to you with bruises or injuries on her
body how would you deal with her ?
• As a nurse what are our limitations to deal any violence
case?
• Can we play a significant role in changing the life of the
women?
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42. ROLE OF NURSES
• Nurses should educate them, and confront their fears, values
and beliefs.
• Acknowledge what the patient said.
• Assess the patient's safety needs.
• Refer the patient to social and mental health workers as well
as community and State domestic violence agencies and
hotlines.
• Document their findings in the patient's chart.
• Arrange to have the patient follow up with them.
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43. RECOMMENDATIONS
• To improve the status of woman within society.
• Changing perceptions.
• Education.
• Easy access to law and order.
• Stigma related to violence.
• Moral support to the victim.
• Emergency management.
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45. REFRENCES
• http://www.jpma.org.pk/full_article_text.php?article_id=1372
• http://www.webmd.com/mental-health/tc/domestic-violence-topic-
overview#3
• http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs239/en/
• http://www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2013/6/it-is-time-for-
action-to-end-violence-against-women-a-speech-by-lakshmi-puri
• https://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/pakistan/index.htm
• http://www.endvawnow.org/en/articles/300-causes-protective-and-
risk-factors-.html
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