PA leads the way in understanding wireless Essential patents PA has been deeply involved in the wireless patent business since the early 1990s. We offer off-the-shelf reports and analysis into the patents alleged to be Essential to wireless technologies including GSM, WCDMA, cdma2000, WiMAX and LTE. We also carry out custom consulting assignments to locate or analyse individual Essential patents.

1. PA leads the way in
managing Essential
patents in 3G
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Essential3’patent italic if required (thoseand operators today. Since all itself) are a massive problem for
Essential patents embedded within the standard
‘Heading level style 9pt/14pt wireless manufacturers
licensing is one Figstandard-compliant equipment infringes these patents, infringement is
Figure 1: Figure heading (8pt/11pt number bold &
heading non-bold) – alwayseasy to demonstrate and licensing cannot be avoided.
of the most place above the figure.
crucial issues In GSM, licensing these patents is expensive – at over 10% of the average
selling price (ASP) of the product. In WCDMA it is much worse – licence costs running to
for the wireless 25% of product ASP. Licensing, cross-licensing and litigation are rife – and it’s a multi-
industry today billion dollar cost to the industry. It’s vital for vendors to have their own Essential patents in
the standard to maximise cross-licensing and minimise royalty payments.

2. “ PA’s ability to
evaluate patents
quickly has been
a great help in
optimising the
performance
of our wireless
communications
patent portfolio”
PA leads the way in understanding
Company C
wireless Essential patents
Company D PA has been deeply involved in the wireless patent
Company E business since the early 1990s. We offer off-the-shelf
reports and analysis into the patents alleged to be
Company F
Essential to wireless technologies including GSM,
Company G
Company H
WCDMA, cdma2000, WiMAX and LTE. We also carry
Company I
Company J out custom consulting assignments to locate or analyse
individual Essential patents.
Company A
WCDMA and cdma2000 Essential
patent analysis databases
Aimed at licensors and licensees, these databases
Company B include patent-by-patent analysis of the patents declared
as Essential to the standards organizations ETSI and
ARIB. PA’s engineers have evaluated each patent
family against the specifications and formed a technical
view of which patents are Essential and which are not.
The accompanying report also estimates the strengths
of key players and gives information on potential
royalty rates.
We work with industry leaders
and are well known to all
Our WCDMA and cdma2000 IPR reports have sold to
clients worldwide ranging across vendors and operators,
large and small. We are members of ETSI, the UMTS
Essential Forum and the WiMAX Forum and have links with IP
thought leaders including the European Commission,
Non Essential
3G Licensing Limited and a network of patent attorneys
and law firms.
2

3. WCDMA report table of contents
This is the table of contents of PA’s ‘off the shelf’ WCDMA IPR report which summarises the detailed technical evaluations in
the accompanying database.
1 Document control ............................................................................................................................................................................. i
2. Change notes.................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3. Introduction to the report .................................................................................................................................................................. 4
4. Background to 3GPP-FDD Essential patent licensing ...................................................................................................................... 5
4.1 Essential patents in wireless ............................................................................................................................................................. 5
4.2 GSM – collaborative development, many patent holders ................................................................................................................. 6
4.3 cdmaOne – primarily developed by Qualcomm ............................................................................................................................... 6
4.4 Standards organisations – publish, but do not evaluate Essential patents ...................................................................................... 7
4.5 3GPP – relies upon its Organisational Members .............................................................................................................................. 7
4.6 3GPP-FDD Patents – believed owned by FRAMES participants and cdma One developers ......................................................... 8
4.7 3GPP-FDD Essential patents – the position today is unclear ........................................................................................................... 9
4.8 3G Patents Limited and attempts to control Essential patent licensing costs .................................................................................. 9
4.9 This report – clarifying today’s 3GPP-FDD Essential patent position ............................................................................................. 11
5. Source material and evaluation process......................................................................................................................................... 12
5.1 Source material .............................................................................................................................................................................. 12
5.2 Companies evaluated ..................................................................................................................................................................... 13
5.3 Evaluation process .......................................................................................................................................................................... 15
6. Analysis of Essential patent holdings ............................................................................................................................................. 17
6.1 Breakdown by Company................................................................................................................................................................. 17
6.2 Individual companies ...................................................................................................................................................................... 23
6.3 PlatformWCDMA ............................................................................................................................................................................. 64
6.4 Conflicts between patents .............................................................................................................................................................. 65
7. Possible cumulative royalty rates and the influence of PlatformWCDMA ....................................................................................... 66
8. Growth in Essential patents and applications ................................................................................................................................. 69
9. PlatformWCDMA and other initiatives ............................................................................................................................................. 72
9.1 PlatformWCDMA 729.2 NGMN Alliance.......................................................................................................................................... 73
9.3 LTE Initiative .................................................................................................................................................................................... 74
9.4 WiMAX IPR ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 75
10. Litigations and other developments in Essential patent licensing .................................................................................................. 76
10.1 ETSI’s IPR Ad-Hoc Group ............................................................................................................................................................... 76
10.2 Mergers in the Industry ................................................................................................................................................................... 76
10.3 InterDigital/Ericsson litigation .......................................................................................................................................................... 78
10.4 Speculation about the future of these initiatives ............................................................................................................................. 76
10.5 European Commission and Qualcomm .......................................................................................................................................... 79
10.6 Qualcomm and Nokia ..................................................................................................................................................................... 79
11. Summary and discussion ............................................................................................................................................................... 81
12. Conclusions .................................................................................................................................................................................... 84
Example evaluation
We frequently use this as an example of the level of content delivered in the database. Of course, for some patents we
provide more detail (for example, where claims require more interpretation), and for some less (where the read onto the
specifications is very straightforward).
Patent Evaluation and reviewer
Company
Sources, cross Evaluation comments
reference between
ETSI and ARIB

4. Companies evaluated
The current issue (Version O – October 2008) of the report contains patent information
on the companies listed below:
AePONA Ltd. Golden Bridge Nokia Sony
Hitachi Telecom Nortel
AirTouch Sun Microsystems,
Communications
Huawei NTT Corp Inc.
Technologies
Alcatel
NTT DoCoMo
Tantivy
Hughes Network
Altaxo S.A.
OKI Electric Communications
Systems
Industry Co. Ltd.
Apple Inc. *
Industrial Télédiffusion de
Orange Personal
ASUSTeK Technology
Communications France
Research Institute
Broadcom Services Ltd.
Intel Corp. Telia
BT Panasonic Mobile
InterDigital Communications
Canon Texas Instruments
Technology Corp.
Philips Electronics
Casio T-Mobile
IPR Licensing Inc. N.V.
Cisco Systems International *
IPWireless Inc Qualcomm
Coding
Toshiba
KDD Research in
Technologies
Motion, Inc. *
Hitachi University de
Dilithium Networks
Salbu Research
Inc. Kokusai Sherbrooke
Development
Ericsson (pty) Ltd.
KPN
Vesuvius Inc.
ETRI Samsung
Matsushita
Vodafone
Evolium S.A. Sharp
Mitsubishi
VoiceAge Corp
France Telecom Siemens
Motorola
Fujitsu NEC Sirius Voicecraft
* New evaluations added in Version O
PA’s work in Essential patent analysis is well known in the Corporate headquarters
123 Buckingham Palace Road
industry and is provided by our in-house technical experts London SW1W 9SR
United Kingdom
• Our WCDMA, cdma2000 and TDD IPR databases have been purchased by over Tel: +44 20 7730 9000
Fax: +44 20 7333 5050
15 companies. Customers range from some of the largest vendors through to
E-mail: info@paconsulting.com
small start-ups.
www.paconsulting.com
• Over 50% of our database work is repeat business: many clients buy updates to
the database, or the database for another technology (WCDMA followed by PA Consulting Group is a
leading management, systems
cdma2000, for example).
and technology consulting firm,
operating worldwide in more
• Client testimonials show the value of the database: “this report is dynamite”;
than 35 countries.
“I do not regret spending the money on this report”; “I really appreciate that you
Principal national offices in
came to Japan and gave us wonderful training”; “Interesting stuff – it made me run
Argentina, China, Denmark,
late for a meeting”; “PA’s ability to evaluate patents quickly has been a great help Germany, India, Ireland,
in optimising the performance of our wireless communications patent portfolio” Malaysia, The Netherlands,
New Zealand, Norway,
Sweden, United Arab Emirates,
United Kingdom, United States
For more information, please email wireless@paconsulting.com
© PA Knowledge Limited 2008.
or visit www.paconsulting.com/wireless All rights reserved.
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