Group presentation for The Global City, Northwestern University, MPPA program, Summer 2011. Parts 1 and 3 of 3. Part 2 in a separate file.

1. Margins - Group 2Detroit/MUMBAI/Washington D.C. Hana Greenberg Nathan Jaco Ashwini Kantak

2. Inequalities Affordable Housing Options Political Representation Class Struggles

3. LIVING AT THE MARGINS - HOUSING Mumbai–55% of population housed in slums Detroit– 2.5% of population homeless Washington D.C. - 1.6% of population homeless Joel Newell

4. AFFORDABLE HOUSING - Barriers Detroit and D.C. Mumbai

5. BARRIERS – DETROIT AND D.C. Public Policies Racial Discrimination Community Opposition

6. BARRIERS - MUMBAI Unmanageable Migrant Population Scarce Land Astronomical Land Values Competing Political Parties Corruption Lack of Citizen Involvement

7. CONSEQUENCES - DETROIT AND D.C. Residential Segregation Decaying Inner Cities Robin Buckson, The Detroit News

8. CONSEQUENCES - MUMBAI Nine Million in Slums Lack of Adequate Infrastructure Rampant Disease Google Images

9. AFFORDABLE HOUSING - CONCLUSIONS Detroit and Washington D.C. Residential Desegregation Education and Assistance against Discriminatory Practices Mumbai Public Policies and Public Private Partnerships Vigilant Law Enforcement; Infrastructure Investment Citizen Engagement for Political Accountability

10. GO TO PART 2, THEN RETURN. (PART 3 follows)

11. Class Struggle Defined Class struggle is best understood in a mereological sense. Class struggle is about the relationship between at least two different classes of people in the same environment over the same period of time. Class struggle may be realized in different arenas. This is related to the form of the class struggle.

12. Class Struggle Defined While the living conditions of the lower classes may be dramatically different from place to place and over time, it is the relative disparity endemic to a particular milieu, the outcomes of such, and the strategies used to cope that makes a class struggle.

13. Forms of Class Struggle Mumbai: Access to Spaces to Live and Work Washington DC: Access to Education and Political Representation Detroit: Access to Living-Wage Earning Work in the Industrial Economy

14. Mumbai and Space Migrants and the poor struggle to find places to live and work with hospitable infrastructure. Market prices concentrate them in slums. Government policy, specifically land use regulation, causes elevated rents which lead to hyperdensity in the slums and this leads to some of the great suffering which is found there.

15. Washington DC and Mind Matters School reform as a tool of class power. Education is the key to opportunity and political access. Political inequality leads to further divergence in educational attainment.

16. Detroit and Post-Industrial Deja Vu Detroit’s marginal group now consists almost entirely of black Americans and is part of a long history of race and class struggle. Structural change: technological innovation, capital flight, and de-industrialization. Archetypal post-industrial dystopia?

17. Class Struggle Conclusions The established powers (government and private sector) conspire to perpetuate the pattern of relations. In Detroit and Washington DC the disadvantaged part of the population is not arbitrarily demarcated, but is instead based on a history of race relations.

18. Margins: Concluding remarks Inequalities Political Representation Class Struggles Affordable Housing Options