Farm hygiene and biosecurity practices are implemented at both breeder and broiler farms to reduce the risk of disease agents moving on to farms from outside sources (eg wild bird populations or from other farms), the movement of disease agents between sheds on the same farm, carry over of disease agents from one batch to the next in the shed environment, and carry over of disease agents from breeding flocks to their progeny via the egg. Farmers take a range of precautions to prevent entry of diseases onto broiler farms.

1. DR.R.N.S.GOWDA
Former Vice Chancellor,
KVAFSU, Bidar.
&
Ex-Director
INSTITUTE OF ANIMAL HEALTH
AND VETERINARY BIOLOGICALS
HEBBAL,BANGALORE-560024
INDIA

2. Poultry Farming
 A dynamic Agribusiness
 Fast adoptable
 Renumarative
 Helps in food security of the
country

3. BUT WHAT IS HAPPANING IN THE POULTRY
INDUSTRY TODAY ?
 Transformation of poultry husbandry to industry and
integrations.
 Manipulation of marketing strategies- to face ever -
narrowing profit margins
 Leads to compromise in management, nutrition and
health coverage
 Multi age groups and increasing density of flocks
and
 Closeness of farms in a given area

4. ISSUES DEFINING BIOSECURITY TODAY &
TOMORROW
 Bird perform better than ever because of
good genetic potentiality and nutrition but
their immune system has not necessasarly
followed the same trend.
 Discovery of newer immunosuppressive
agents and Mycotoxinsand their prevention.
 problems and losses due to infectious
diseases like-ND,IB, IBD, MD, IBH,etc.
 Human health concern -consumers now
demanding risk free & safe food

5. EVALUTION OF FLOCK HEALTH
DEPENDS ON
 The number of farms in the area
 presence of endemic and epidemic
diseases
 Application of biosecurity programmes
adopted to separate farm circumstances

6. WHAT ARE THE MAJOR DISEASES OF POULTRY
CONCERN TODAY ?
 BACTERIAL : E.coli, Salmonella ,coryza,
fowl cholera & Mycoplasma
 VIRAL : Ranikhet, Gumbaro ( IBD),
IBH/HHS Marek`s. IB & REO
 FUNGAL : Aspergillosis .
Candidiosis.
 PROTOZOAN : Coccidiosis.

7. HOW CAN WE RESPOND ?
 Use of antibiotics is not a solution for
solving the problem -Drug resistance.
 Vaccine development takes time and no
use on variants by a single vaccine

8. Therefore
GO BACK TO BASICS
CLEANLINESS IS THE KEYWORD
 HACCP at Farm level
 HACCP at Feed mill
 HACCP at Water management

9. SANITATION AND BIOSECURITY IS THE
ANSWER !

10. WHY BIOSECURITY IS ESSENTIAL ?
 Management helps good performance.
 Nutrition helps to maintain the life, and
health for production.
 Medication and Vaccination helps in
prevention of some disease to some extent..
 But, A GOOD “SANITATION/ BIO-
SECURITY PROGRAMME ”is a vital factor
for disease prevention”

11. WHAT IS BIOSECURITY ?
 Measures and Methods
adopted to stop entry of
disease organisms in to the
farm.
 A method to secure a
disease free environment in
the farm.
 A method of production and
profitability through disease
control programmes.

12. WHAT IS BIOSECURITY ?
 BIOSECRITY IS INFORMED
COMMON SENSE to avoid germs.
“ NOT BRING THE GERMS TO BIRDS OR
NOT BRING POULTRY TO GERMS”.

13. Top Biosecurity measures to break the chain
of infection
Transmission
Infectious
agents
Removing susceptible
host
- All - in - All- out
- Vaccination
- Down time
Sanitation
- Buildings
- People
Pest
control
People
Equipment
Traffic control
Communication
Audits,Education &
Regional networking

14. HOW DO DISEASES SPREAD FROM
BIRD TO BIRD ?
BIRD WITH
DISEASE
Exhaled air
Infected eggs
Litter/Droppings
Feathers/Dandruff
Infected
birds
Dead birds

15. WHAT IS THE MODE OF SPREAD OF
DISEASE ?
 Vertical spread :
-Trans - ovarian transmission From – “EGG-to-CHICK”
 Horizontal spread :
a) Vectors
- Flies, BeetlesRodents
- Inanimate objects: Equipments,Faecal matter,
Feathers & Dandruff
b) Nutritional - Feed and Water

16. WHY DO WE NEED BIOSECURITY ?
 To reduce the infections -”Freedom from
disease”
 To avoid environmental pathogen challenge
 To reduce morbidity & mortality
 To improve good feed conversion
 To boost good growth rate and production
 To reduce cost of production
 To reduce cost of medication

17. “BLOCK THE BUG BEFORE
IT BUGS YOR FLOCK”
Principle of Biosecurity:

18. Bio security programs require
 Planning
 Locating resources
 Implementation
 Control

19. Location resources
planning
ImplementationControl
CYCLE OF MANAGEMENT

20. Three important factors in
Biosecurity are :
1-Conceptual Biosecurity
2- Structural Biosecurity
3-Operational Biosecurity

21. OPERATIONNAL
CONCEPTUAL
HIERARCHY OF BIOSECURITY
STRUCTURAL
1
2
3

22. 1. CONCEPTUAL BIOSECUTRY
 Location of the complex in relation to
concentrations of poultry of the same or
different species.
 Distance between breeder and growing
units -hatcheries, feed mills, processing
plants/packing units etc.

23. DISTANCE BETWEEN SHEDS
500
200
200
300
100
400
1000
DENSITY OF ORGANISMAS
DISTANCE IN MTS
10050

24. CONCEPTUAL BIOSECUTRY
 Location of major or minor roads and the
movement of commercial and back yard
poultry.
 Proximity of large lakes,tanks and rivers---
------migratory flyways
 Location of multi age farms-laying units

25. 2. STRUCTURAL BIOSECURITY
 Fence the farm area to prevent
trespass
 Fencing of house area with
secured gates.
 Decontamination area for vehicles
and foot wear.

26. STRUCTURAL BIOSECURITY
 Proper store for feed-vermin free storage.
 Bird and rodent proofing housing
 Concrete flooring for proper cleaning.
 Separate feed,litter and equipment
storage area away from live-birds.

27. 3. OPERATIONAL BIOSECURITY
 Remove the litter and manure from
the shed
 wash flooring with plain water
 sprinkle caustic soda flakes on the
floor@1kg/100sq.ft
 Soak caustic soda with water and
spread it all over the flooring area
and leave it for 3-4hours

28. OPERATIONAL BIOSECURITY
 Wash the roof, beams. trusses, cages,side
walls,curtains and all accessories inside the
shed with jet of plain water -(hot water is
preferable)
 Wash the shed with2%solution of washing
soda(2kgs/100lit.water)
 Use a suitable disinfectant to clean the
floor.

29. OPERATIONAL BIOSECURTY
 Use the flame gun to clean the shed
 wash all the accessories like
feeders,waterers,brooders with jet of
water and then with washing soda solution
. -use of a
disinfectant is recommended
 sun dry all equipments

30. OPERATIONAL BIOSECURTY
 Apply white wash to the shed
inside -use one part of lime and three parts
of bleaching powder.
 place new bedding-paddy
husk,wood shavings,maize cob
powder for deep litter.
 place all accessories like waterers,
feeders,brooders in their places.

31. OPERATIONAL BIOSECURTY
 Cover the shed with curtains and
spray the disinfectant to words
ceiling-”Environmental spray”
 FUMIGATION: 2Kgs of potassium
permanganate with 4liters of formalin for 1000
Sft.of shed area.
 Keep the shed closed and covered

32. OPERATIONAL BIOSECURTY-6
 For “GUMBORO “affected area /
sheds a final spray of -X-185,- 4
ml/litre of water chloramine-T need
to be sprayed.

33. OPERATIONAL BIOSECURTY
 For automatic watering systems -remove
all water from pipes and flush the pipes
with a descaler cum disinfectant solution
need to be applied.
 Then Flush the system with plain water.

34. DISINFECTION
VIRAL CHALLENGE
BACTERIAL
CHALLENGE
BACTERIAL
CHALLENGE
COCCIDIAL
CHALLENGE
EXCESSIVE FIELD CHALLENGE
VIRUS, BACTERIA, FUNGUS, PROTOZOA.
Field Challenges ?

35. WHAT TYPES OF DISINFECTION ARE
TO BE FOLLOWED ?
 TERMINAL DISINFECTION
 CONTINUOUS DISINFECTION

36. CHICKS
PLACEMENTS
LIFTING
OF BIRDS
DRY
CLEANING
EQUIPMENT
CLEANING
WATER
WASHING
DISINFECTION-IPLACEMENT
OF EQUIPMENTS
DISINFECTION-II
FOOT DIPS
WHEEL DIPS
TERMINAL
DISINFECTION

37. CONTINUOUS DISINFECTION
Practice of disinfection at regular
intervals.
 Drinking water sanitation
 During disease outbreaks.

38. DRINKING WATER SANITATION
 Source of water is important
 Water from open well, surface bore wells,
river,pond needs treatment
-0.01%Iodine solution,low dilutions of
Sodium hypochlorite, Coccobenzyl dimethyl
ammonium chloride and Glutaraldehyde,
-Chlorine ,Bleaching powder etc.
 Well guarded water supply -Chorination level
of not more than2ppm.

39. DURING DISEASE OUTBREAKS
 Sanitation of entire farm
 disinfection of poultry sheds
 Sanitation of all equipments
 sanitation of any material entering and
exit in the farm
 spray of disinfectant on the birds

40. LITTER DISPOSAL
 Removal of litter, faecal matter ,debris,
feathers and dispose away from the
poultry premises.
 Treat the litter with larvecide insecticides.
 Use organic matter for Proper composting
manure making or production of bio gas.
 Avoid use of litter as manure around
poultry farm.

41. BIOSECRITY OF SURROUNDINGS
 Cleanup thoroughly six feet around the
buildings
 Remove all the vegetation, organic matter-
litter,feathers,debris and decaying material
 Provide proper drainage to avoid water
pools.damps or marshy areas
 Cut off wild growth of trees,grass etc. to
avoid perching of wild birds

42. SURVIVABILITY OF MICRO- ORGANISMS IN
THE ENVIRONMENT
 Bursal disease -Months
 Avian Influenza -Days to weeks
 Maek’s disease -Weeks
 New Castle disease -Days to weeks
 Laryngotracheitis -Days
 Duck plague -Days
 Fowl cholera -Weeks
 Fowl coryza -Hours to days
 Salmonellosis -Weeks
 Mycoplasma -Hours to days
 Coccidiosis -Months

43. ORGANISMS TO BE CONTROLLED
 BACTERIAL
-Salmonella pullorum -white diarrhea
-Salmonella galinarum -Fowl typhoid
-S.enteritidis -Gastroenteritis
-S.typhi murium -Typhoid
-Eschericha Coli, Aerobic bacilli, Staphylococci,
Pseudomonas, Infectious Coryza & Fowl
Cholera
-MYCOPLASMAL INFECTIONS -MG,MS,MI etc.
 FUNGAL -Aspergillus fumigates,
- -Candidiosis

44. ORGANISMS TO BE CONTROLLED
 VIRAL
-Infectious bursal disease
-Ranikhet disease
-Infectious bronchitis
-Marek`s diseas
-Adeno-viral infections
-HPS,IBH& EDS
-REO-viral infections

45. CONTROL POINTS AT FARM LEVEL
 Bio-security of the farm
 Bio-security of the flock
 Terminal clean outs and disinfection between
the flocks
 Drinking water sanitation
 Feed sanitation
 Standard vaccination schedules
 Flock health monitoring

46. DISINECTING POULTRY HOUSES
DISINECTANTS
 Quaterinary Ammonium
compounds
 Iodophores
 Phenols
 Formaldihyde
REMARKS
-Mild detergents- hard water
& high organic matter
decrease it`s efficiency
-Stains equipment-organic
matter & pH interfere with
efficiency
-Resistant to organic
matter,less effective on
virus
-Very effective on all
organisms

47. FORMALDEHYDE FUMIGATION FOR 100 Cft
STRENGTH FORMALIN
( IN ML)
POTASSIUM
PERMANGANATE
(In grams)
1 X 40 20
2 X 80 40
3 X 120 60
5 X 200 100

48. FORMALDEHYDE FUMIGATION,CONCENTRATIONS AND
RECOMONDATIONS
Fumigation of Conc.of
fumigant
Minimum time of
fumigation
Hatching eggs
immediately after they
are laid
3 X 20 minutes
Egg incubator 2 X 30 minutes
Incubator room 1-2 X 30 minutes
Hatcher between
hatches
3 X 30 minutes
Hatcher and chick
room between hatchers
3X 30 minutes
Sexig area &Hatcher
and chick room
3X 30 minutes
Chick boxea, pads and 5X 30 minutes
trucks

49. Effective against poultry
pathogens
Disease
organism
Aldehydes Chlorine Iodophore Quats Phenol Peroxide
Viruses ++ ++ +/- + + ++
Bacteria + ++ + + ++ +
B.spores + - - - - -
Fungus ++ - + + + +
Parasites - - - - - -

50. SUMMERY
 Biosecurity should be thought out, planned
and implemented in a wider perspective.
 Operational procedures are to be properly
documented and communicated to each and
every employee,so that they are
implemented strictly.
 Proper understanding and communication of
biosecurity is very vital

51. THANKS
for
YOUR TIME
and
NOW YOUR TIME FOR
QUESTIONS ?