1. Epidemics in Literature and American Culture Katie Wallace, Katie Snell, Christina Bonacci Literature and Medicine Dr. Farkas 10/29/2009

2. A Historical Look at Smallpox First appeared in New York City in 1649 Years of Outbreaks and Death Tolls in NYC 1870-1875: 3,498 1901-1902: 700 Cases reappeared in 1922,1925,and 1939 1947: LeBar outbreak Time Period Crowded, poor urban areas Sanitary concerns Public Health Measures Vaccination Sanitation http://scienceprofonline.googlepages.com/Cowpox_nih.jpg/Cowpox_nih-full.jpg

3. A Historical Look at Typhoid Fever A water and food-bourne bacterial infection First discovery of the bacterial cause: 1880 Healthy carriers can spread the disease. Time Period Lack of health codes Poor hygiene and sanitation http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1266/727202312_93a39c8adb.jpg

5. The first carrier identified in the U.S. was in 1907

7. Carrier identification

8. New public health standardshttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/visualculture/images/A27541.jpg

9. A Historical Look at AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Recognized as a disease in 1982 Still continues today in U.S. and other nations Time Period Continues to be associated with social and cultural taboos Blood donor screening 1983 Public Health Measures Education Safety campaigns

11. Controversy over inoculation

12. Does it do more harm than good?

13. Is it ethical for me to make myself sick?

14. Religious debate

15. Gift from god or heathen practice?

16. Dr. Zay-Elizabeth Stuart Phelps http://scienceblogs.com/denialism/inoculation.jpg

17. Typhoid Mary 1907, The healthy carrier Kathleen Ford’s “Typhoid Mary’s Proposal” Dilemma: individual freedom vs. public health "That's not exactly what it says, Little Bertie.” "She must be sad though, don't you think, being all alone.” "There's a hospital on that island, and other people have to stay.” "But, Patricia, she's in a little house all by herself.” "Well, a house to yourself isn't a bad thing, and the East River isn't the middle of nowhere. I expect if we stood in Queens, we'd be able to call to her.” "But don't you think it's a terrible thing--a woman as healthy as a horse, to be locked up for who knows how long?” "I don't know about terrible. There's them that died because of her carrying the typhoid fever." www.mariantomasgriffin.com/typhoid%20mary%20pictures4.htm

18. AIDS Blood and Aids in America: Science, Politics and the Making of and Iatrogenic Catastrophe -Ronald Bayer - High Risk Donors, the exclusion of homosexual male donors - Public health vs. Privacy “The thing is, people are dying. The medical problem is more important than the civil rights issue.” -James Curran, Head of AIDS activities at the CDC to gay male population www.msnbcmedia3.msn.com/j/msnbc/Components/Photos/040521 /040521_madcow_hmed12p.hmedium.jpg

20. Part of the New York American article of June 20, 1909, which first identified Mary Mallon as "Typhoid Mary." http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/typhoid/mary.html

22. written to George Francis O'Neill - her lawyer

23. used in his petition of June 28 before the New York Supreme Court

24. goal: released from quarantine.

25. Mallon had been quarantined against her will for over two years

26. discusses her frustrations of the time “I have been in fact a peep show for everybody. Even the interns had to come to see me and ask about the facts already known to the whole wide world.”

28. Illustration from Harper’s Weekly. Year 1873.

29. 1981: First Signs of AIDS in the New York Times New York Times, July 3, 1981, p. A20 New York Times, August 29, 1981, p. 9.

30. New York State Health Department Ad Year: 1985

31. San Francisco AIDS Foundation Ad Year: 1987

32. http://www.originallifemagazines.com/Assets/ThumbNails/118-507-0000-t.jpg

33. Condom Encouragement 1987 Gay Men’s Health Crisis

35. tackled discrimination against people living with HIV

37. 100% Proceeds go to VIVA GLAM lipsticks would go to the M·A·C AIDS Fund.

39. 100% of the net proceeds from the sale of the totes will go to help fund YouthAIDS programs