1) Singapore separated from Malaysia in 1965 due to growing political and racial tensions between the two territories. The ruling PAP party in Singapore had a different vision than UMNO-led alliance in Malaysia. 2) Racial riots in 1964 threatened Singapore's stability and prosperity, as opposition used racial politics to criticize PAP. Indonesian confrontation through bombings also posed security threats. 3) Disagreements over economic policies and the treatment of different races widened the rift between Singapore and the central government in Kuala Lumpur, ultimately leading to Singapore's separation in 1965.