The document discusses the Columbian Exchange that occurred between Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas following Christopher Columbus' voyage in 1492. Key aspects of the exchange included:
1) The introduction and spread of new domesticated animals, plants, and crops between the continents, such as Europeans bringing horses, cattle, and wheat to the Americas and adopting crops native to the Americas like maize, potatoes, and tomatoes.
2) The devastating impact of diseases brought from Europe, which killed 90-95% of the Native American population due to lack of immunity, resulting in severe depopulation of indigenous societies across the Americas.
3) The long-term effects on global populations, trade, and cuis
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