1. The Participle

3. Participles have characteristics of verbs (they have tense and voice, and contain a verbal idea).

4. English Participles

7. “ After reading "Almost inconceivably, the gun into which she was now staring was clutched in the pale hand of an enormous albino with long white hair," I dropped the terribly written book into the garbage.”

10. Also, the participle is part of a verbal (participial) clause, which can have direct objects, indirect objects, prepositional phrases, and anything else a verbal clause can have.

12. Gender

14. In this way, participles behave like adjectives: they will agree with their head noun in case, number, and gender.

21. Outside of the Indicative mood (i.e. participles, subjunctives, imperatives, etc.) tense bears no relation to time (and even in the indicative time is a secondary function of tense). Aspect is primary .

25. This distinction will make more since when we get the aorist and when we get more functions for the participle.

27. Translate as normal

33. But: the lack of the article tells us its probably Adverbial.

35. Is it deponent?

36. So we stick with our inflected meaning: “we-while-being-persecuted”

38. Yes: ὑπὸ τοῦ ἄρχοντος

43. Jesus said these things in a synagogue while teaching in Capernaum.

45. Jesus went into Galillee while preaching the gospel of God.

47. “ Now, apart from the law, the righteousness of God has been revealed, being witnessed but the law and the prophets.”