1. 400mya Angiosperms and plant anatomy Million years of evolution: Cooksonia Practical # 3 Mid-term evaluations (lab 6 of 10) Lecture Scavenger Hunt Turn in cladistics worksheet p 123-4 Next week: Last lab practical Angiosperm

2. http://www.johnkyrk.com/evolution.html

3. Paleo plant and insect interactions

4. Insects and plants evolved together Older Younger

5. time Rapid origin

7. The unique character of angiosperms is that the ovules are completely enclosed in a carpel 1. gametophytes only a few cells 2. immotile sperm- carried to ovule by pollen tube 3. No “spores” because reduced gametophyte

8. Extinct http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/flower/anat-flash.html Controversy about its floral morphology interpretation http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/flower/

10. No consensus about the ancestral relative

11. Molecular evidence suggest a Jurassic origin (>150 Ma), but the oldest fossils is early Cretaceous (~125 Ma)MORE INFO: http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/welcome.html

12. UF grad student found this one!

13. Extinct

14. Many early flowers are related to living Angiosperms families

15. Pollination of ‘primitive’ flowers

16. Flowers adapted for pollination by "smart" insects

17. Insects can see uv light

18. Insects can see uv light

19. What pollinates these?

24. Wind-pollinated flowerssecondarily derived in Angiosperms -- flowers are green, small, and often lack petals. Wind pollinated flowers of deciduous trees species open in early spring – why?

25. Pick the Pollinator http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/flower/pollinator.html

26. Plant parts Take a look…

27. Primitive vs Derived characters http://botany.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/tfplab/primder.htm

28. Fruit and seed dispersal

30. Don’t forget… Also: ichthyochory

31. ?

32. What disperses these?

33. Pleistocene extinction Gomphothere Late Pleistocene Extinctions – 13,000 years ago, N & S America

34. “Re-wilding of N. America?”

35. Angiosperms often used for medicine – why? Preparing ayahuasca

36. 3 clades A. Monocotyledones (monocots) B. Magnoliids C. Eudicotyledones (dicots)

37. ANGIOSPERMS

38. Generalized distinguishing characteristics:

39. A comparison of monocots and dicots -- know this for lab practical Lab exercise – can you tell them apart?

41. MONOCOTS All flesh is grass” -- Isaiah Grasses evolved directly with mammals

42. Bamboo

43. Banana Pineapple Onion

44. Palms! ‘ivory palm’ Coconuts Harvesting palm hearts

45. Bactris gasipaes‘peach palm’

46. One apical bud!!

47. phloem xylem Monocot stem -- vascular bundles

48. Dicot stem Xylem and phloem in rings Dicots have secondary growth

49. Which tree has a better chance to live? Dicot Monocot (palm)

50. Dicot stems Illegal mahagony logging Annual growth rings?

51. We eat many, many dicot fruits Examples? Theobroma cacao

53. In common? Kale Califlower Kohlrabi Chinese kale cabbage Broccoli Collard greens Brussel sprouts

54. Brassica oleracea Kale Califlower Kohlrabi Chinese kale cabbage Broccoli Collard greens Brussel sprouts ‘wild mustard’

55. Brassica oleracea ‘wild mustard’

56. Vavilov Centersof origin for crop plants http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/history/lecture05/lec05.html

58. Anatomy study slides

59. The life cycle of an angiosperm

60. Angiosperm life cycle

61. Plant morphology/anatomy Primary vs. secondary growth A. Apical meristems - primary growth B. Cambium (vascular or cork) - secondary growth C. In lab -. Apical meristems 1. Coleus - stem tip (no. 3) - herbaceous dicot 2. Zea - root longitudinal section (no. 4) - monocot

62. Seed anatomy Scan

63. Stems A. Anatomy 1. parenchyma (pith) 6. xylem 2. sclerenchyma 7. phloem 3. epidermis 8. vascular cambium 4. cork & cork cambium 9. meristem 5. cortex 10. node B. In lab: 1. Helianthus - stem (no. 5) - herbaceous dicot 2. Tilia - stem cross sections (no. 6) - woody dicot 3. Zea - stem cross section (no. 7)

64. Morphology of a flowering plant

65. Morphology of a winter twig

66. Anatomy of a tree trunk

67. Organization of primary tissues in young stems

68. Leaves A. Anatomy 1. palisade mesophyll 5. stomata 2. spongy mesophyll 6. xylem 3. epidermis 7. phloem 4. cuticle B. In lab: 1. Ligustrum - leaf section (no. 8)

69. Leaf anatomy

70. Simple versus compound leaves a. Simple b. Compound i. palmate ii. pinnate

71. Roots A. Anatomy 1. epidermis 5. casparian strip 2. cortex 6. pericycle 3. stele 7. xylem 4. endodermis 8. phloem B. In lab: 1. Ranunculus - root (no. 9) 2. Salix - branch root (no. 10) 3. radish root hairs 4. sweet potato demo - storage root 5. carrot - root stores sugars

72. Primary growth of a root

73. Organization of primary tissues in young roots

75. The formation of lateral roots

76. Root hairs of a radish seedling

77. Storage organs A. white potato demo - modified stem B. green onion demo - leaves modified for storage C. celery - leaf petiole modified D. sweet potato demo - storage root E. carrot - root stores sugars

78. Principal Biological Concepts this lab: A. Angiosperms as dominant plant taxon. B. Ovules enclosed within two integuments and a carpel wall. C. Structure and function of flowers, and importance of pollinators. D. Carpel wall may ripen as pericarp = fruit. E. Monocots versus dicots F. Double fertilization. G. Plant tissues. H. Primary and secondary growth. I. Structure and function of shoots, roots, and leaves.

79. To study for next lab practical Moncots vs dicots Flower parts Leaf structures Stem structures, xylem vs phloem, monocots vs dicot vasculature Root tissues & functions Xylem vs phloem

80. Complete Plant Cladistic Exercise A. Follow directions in Plant Cladistics data sheet (pp. 123-124). B. Complete the cladogram and hand in before you leave.