This is a over all ppt of Night vision technology including history,differnt generation and different techniques as well as applications.

1. Night Vision Technology:
Under the guidance of: Presented By:
Mrs. Rashmi Rekha Sahoo Gyana Ranjan Tripathy
Mrs. Pranati Patri Regd. no-1501106249
I&E-7th sem,sec-A
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2. Abstract:
This presentation portrays the different Night vision techniques."Night Vision" is
referenced as innovation that gives us the supernatural occurrence of vision in all
out dimness and the change of vision in low light conditions. This innovation is an
amalgam of a few unique techniques each having its own particular focal points
and inconveniences. The most widely recognized techniques depicted here are
Low-Light Imaging, Thermal Imaging and Illumination's. This discussion
additionally give brief thought regarding different night vision gadget (NVD) that
enables pictures to be created in levels of light moving toward add up to darkness,
it likewise clarifies different applications where night vision innovation is utilized to
take care of different issues because of low light conditions .
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What we are going to learn?
● Types of night vision
● Working of different night vision Technology
● Different generations
● Applications
● Some future projects

5. What is night vision?
● Night vision technology,literally allows one to see in the dark.
● It is originally developed for military use by German army as early as
1939,were used by both german tank and infantry during world war2.
● Human have poor night vision as compared to other animals.
● With proper night vision equipment we can see a person standing over 200
yard(183 meter) away on a moonless,cloudy night.
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Night vision technology
Technical night visionBiological night vision
Image intensifier Thermal imaging
Types of Night Vision:

7. Biological Night Vision:-
● Animals like cat ,Owl can see in the dark due to the presence of a layer in
their eye known as tapetum lucidum.
● Human’s eye is lack of this layer.
● Human can see for very short period of time with a chemical compound
present in the eye known as Rhodopsin.
● Molecules of rhodopsin in eye rod change it’s shape by the absorption of
light.
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8. ■ Image intensifier:(Technical Night Vision)
● This type of technology amplifies light to better vision.
● A conventional lens,capture ambient light.
● The gather light is sent to image intensifier tube.
● The light energy released electron from cathode and accelerated it.
● These electron enters into the microchannel plate and bounce off and
generate more electron.
● Thousands of electrons to be released in each channel.
● Original electrons collide with channel,exciting atom and cause other electron.
● New electron collide with other atom and creating a chain.
● In image intensifier tube ,the electron release photon which hit the
phosphorous screen so that the final image comes as green colour.
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fig:Image Intensification Mechanism
(Source:https://www.google.co.in/search?q=night+vision+technology)

10. Diagram of image intensifier techniques:
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(Source:http://nightvisiongears.com/active-illumination-night-vision-technology/)

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Generations of image intensifier
First Generation Second Generation Third Generation

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Generation 1:
The earliest (1950’s) night vision product were based on image conversion rather
than intensification.
● Based on Vacuum tube technology.
● Range 75 yard(68.58m).
● Full moon Operation.
● Amplification:1000 times.
● Operating life:2000 hours .
● Bulky and require moon light to function properly.

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● Second Generation:
● Based on first microchannel plate application.
● Ranges:200 yard(182.88m).
● One-quarter moon light operation.
● Amplification:20,000 times.
● Operation life:2500 hours.
● Less efficient and accuracy than 3rd generation.

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■ Third generation:
● Third generation based on improved microchannel plate(GaAs) and photo
cathode instead of Pbs.
● Ranges:300 yard(274.32m)
● Starlight operation.
● Amplification:40000 times.
● Operation Life:10,000 hours
● Most Popular and very costly which is used by U.S Army in special force
operations.

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Thermal Imaging:
● All Object emit infrared as a function of their temperature.
● A lens Focuses the Infrared light.
● The focus light scanned and Create Temperature pattern.
● The pattern created is translated into electrical Impulse.
● The impulse then send to circuit board which translates the information into
data.
● The signal conditioning system then send the information to the Display and
appear Various colors.

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Normal image Thermal image in display
Optical lens Infrared detector Signal processing board
(Thermal imaging working principle)

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source:https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/andyrawson/ir-blue-thermal-imaging-smartphone-accessory
Different Applications:

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Thermal Imaging Device
Un-cooled Device Cryogenically Cooled Device

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Uncooled and cryogenically cooled device:
un-Cooled Device:
● This is the most widely recognized kind of warm imaging gadget.
● The infrared identifier element contended in a unit ,that can work at room
temperature.
● It is totally calm and enact instantly and battery assembled.

22. Cryogenically cooled:
● More costly and more defenseless to harm from rough utilize,these
frameworks have the components fixed inside a compartment that cools
them to underneath 32 F (0 degree c).
● The benefit of such a framework is the inconceivable determination and
affectability that come about because of cooling the components.
● Range:300 m
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Application of night vision Technology:
● Defence
● Hunting
● Wild-life Observation
● Surveillance
● Security
● Navigation
● Hidden Object detection

24. Some future projects:
● Face detection mechanism.
● Pedestrian Tracking using Online boosted random ferns learning in far-
infrared Imagery for safe driving at night.
● Implementation of spy robot for survillence system using internet protocol of
RaspberryPi.
● Visual Tracking of small Animals in Cluttered Natural Environments Using a
Freely moving camera.
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conclusion:
In this topic we have described various night vision technologies which are
available and also its working in order to avoid various low light problem, this
technology shows that how efficiently a soldiers can work efficiently during night
also wildlife observer can work during dark and also shown how surveillance can
be kept in low light condition .this paper summarize a various generations of night
vision technology.

26. References:
[1] http://www.ijmer.com/papers/hVol3_Issue2/BK32816820.pdf
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_vision
[3] http://www.sofradir-ec.com/hownightvisionworks
[4] http://nightvisiongears.com/image-intensification-night-vision-technology/
[5] http://nightvisiongears.com/active-illumination-night-vision-technology/
[6] http://technav.ieee.org/tag/7581/night-vision
[7] https://www.ripublication.com/iraer-spl/iraerv4n1spl_01.pdf
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27. THANK YOU
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