1. ASSLAM U ALAIKUM!

2. Group # 5
Roll # (21-25)
Presented by:
RABIA BASRI
PRAGMATISM

3. INTRODUCTION
 Pragmatism means dealing with practical
techniques.
 It is an American contribution to the history of
philosophical thoughts.
 It focuses on personal experiences.
 It also known as Experimentalism &
Instrumentalism.
 Man is the measures of all things.

4. Contributors
Charles S. Peirce (1839 –
1914)
William James (1842 – 1910)
John Dewey (1859 – 1952)

5. CONCEPT OF REALITY
 Mind & matter are not two separate &
independent substances.
 We know about matter only as we
experience.
 Mind is a tool for reflecting the experiences.
 Reality is not an “Abstract” thing rather it is a
transacional experience.
 What is real today may not be as real
tomorrow.

6. CONCEPT OF KNOWLEDGE
 Knowledge is based upon “experience”.
 Man has an exploratory & active mind.
 We learn through transactional experience.
 Truth may be different according to the
context/situation.
 Beliefs are personal for every one.
 Harmony of the man with the environment.
 Knowledge is for adjustment in society.

7. CONCEPT OF VALUES
 Values are relative.
 There are not absolute principles.
 Ethically good is that which works.
 Values are instrumental.
 There is no fix criterion for values.

8. PRINCIPLES OF PRAGMAISM
 Pluralism
 Emphasize on change
 Utilitarianism
 Individualism
 Socialism
 Experimentalism

9. AIMS OF EDUCATION
 Aims are not final, fixed & immutable.
 Construct knowledge by self experience.
 Social adjustment without losing individuality.
 Life long process.
 Development of democratic behaviour.
 Problem solving ability by using scientific
method.
 Preparation for practical life.

10. PRAGMATIST CURRICULUM
 Useful for present needs
(Language, History, Science, Geography,
Physical Training, &Home Science for girls)
 Interested according to age level
 Child centered & integrated
 Activity based

11. ROLE OF TEACHER
 Helper & Guide
 Project Director
 Facilitator
 Main task of teacher is to suggest problems
to his pupils & guide them to find out
solutions

12. TEACHING MEHODS
 Problem Solving
 Project Method
 Scientific Method
 Demonstration Method
 Field Trips
 Audio Visual Experiences

13. CONCEPT OF LEADERSHIP
 Democratic leadership
 A Pragmatic Leader should be selected from
social group/ community.
 Leader should have competency & vision.
 Wider participation of society in decision
making.
 Authoritative role is disagreeable.

14. EVALUATION
 Assessment on the basis of performance
 Problem solving tasks
 Observational Techniques
 Strong Evaluation system

15. EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATIONS
 They provide definite aims of Education.
 Teaching methods are based on Learning by
doing.
 Democratic way of Learning.
 Utility is final criterion.
 Self experience is more important than
memorization.
 Teacher’s role is to just facilitate.

16. MERITS OF PRAGMATISM
 More Importance to child rather than subject
 Emphasize on Activity
 Faith in applied life
 Social & Democratic Education
 Infusion of new methods in Education
 Construction of Project Method

17. GRAY AREAS
 Lack of Standards
 Opposition to eternal truths
 Opposition to pre-determined values & Ideas
 Negation of spiritual values
 Negation of rich culture of past
 It is a method rather than a philosophy
 No determined aims of Education
 Problem in Curriculum development

18. THANK YOU