prof.Dr hamed Attia department of animal medicine Faculty of veterinary medicine-Zagazig Univesity

1. DR/ Hamed AttiaDR/ Hamed Attia
Professor of veterinary medicine
Faculty of veterinary medicine
Zagazig university
Diseases of urinary system
In
Farm animals

2. Diseases of urinary systemDiseases of urinary system

3. Anatomy of urinaryAnatomy of urinary
bladderbladder
Two kidneys
Two urters
Urinary Bladder
Urthera

4. Upper urinary tract infectionsUpper urinary tract infections

5. Diseases of the kidney
-Glomeru
lonephritisPyelonephritisNephritis
Nephrosis

6. Male Genital System

7. Lower urinaryLower urinary
tract infectionstract infections

8. 11--Diseases of urinary bladderDiseases of urinary bladder
1-Cystitis
2- Bladder rupture.
3-Bladder paraysis

9. 22--Diseases of urtheraDiseases of urthera
Urolethiasis

11. Clinical features of urinary tractClinical features of urinary tract
diseasesdiseases
1-Abnormal constituents of
urine
2- Variation of daily urine flow
3-Pain and difficult urination

12. Clinical features of urinary tractClinical features of urinary tract
diseasesdiseases
4-Abnormal size of kidneys
5-Abnormalities of the
bladder and urethr
6-Acute and chronic renal
failure

13. 11--UrolithiasisUrolithiasis
in ruminantsin ruminants

14. Predisposing factoresPredisposing factores
1) A nidus formation
desquamated epithelial cells or necrotic tissues
from local infection in urinary tract.
2) Deficiency of vitamin A .
 using of stilbosterol (a growth promoting)
favor the nidus formation.

15. (2) water deprivation.
(3) Heavy fluid loss.
(4) Excessive mineral intake (high
phosphate)
(5) Diet high in magnesium
 (6) Ingestion of plant with high oxalic
acid content causing calcium carbonate
calculi in sheep.

16. Types of calculiTypes of calculi
(1) Magnesium ammonium phosphate.
(2) Silicate calculi

17. Site of calculiSite of calculi

18. Sequelae of urolithiasisSequelae of urolithiasis::
(1) Urethral
rupture

19. Abdomencentesiss

20. 22((Bladder ruptureBladder rupture..
Sudden disappearance of abdominal
pain.
 bilateral fluid-filled distended of the
abdomen (pear-shape abdomen).
On rectal examination, the bladder is not
palpable.

21. Diagnosis of urolithiasisDiagnosis of urolithiasis
(1) Clinical examination and history.
(2) Urine analysis
(3) Elevation of SUN and creatinine .
4- Reduction of serum sodium and
potassium.

22. (4) Abdominocentesis to detect uroperitonium
after rupture of the bladder.
 or
 Needle aspiration from the subcutaneous
swelling associated with urethral rupture.
(5) Ultrasonography
(6) Necropsy findings
ureteral obstruction is usually accompanied by
dilatation of the ureter and hydronephrosis.

23. Differential diagnosisDifferential diagnosis
– 1-Urethral rupture:
– 1) The ventral abdominal edematous
swelling accompanied by pain at the
sigmoid flexure.
– 2) Examination of the penis tip often
reveals a turgid cyanotic vermiform
appendage.

24. 22((Bladder ruptureBladder rupture
1) Abdominal swelling :
(fetus, false fetus, fibroma, fat, fluid, food, feces
and flatus).
 A fluid wave can is detected across the abdomen,
and centesis of the abdomen with a large-bore
needle yields a large amount of urine

25. TreatmentTreatment::
1- Analgesic (Novalgin 10ml/100KgBW, IV) to
relief pain.
2) Smooth muscle relaxants (Neurazine or
Neuril).

26. 4) IV glucose 5% (After or with muscle relaxant)
as diuretic, increase urine flow and facilitate
calculi passage.
5) Ammonium chloride at 200 mg/kg BW orally
NB
If there is no urine passage within 6 hours,
repeated treatment, but surgery may be
required.

27. SurgicalSurgical
1) Amputation of the urethral process
in ram.
2) Urethrotomy :
to remove the calculi.

28. ))33((CystitisCystitis
Definition:
It is the inflammation of the bladder
characterized by:
 Frequent painful urination
Presence of blood
Inflammatory cells & bacteria in urine.

29. EtiologyEtiology
(1) trauma to the bladder .
(2) Secondary to bacterial infection (E. coli,
Streptococci and Diphtheroid bacilli are
common) associations with:
1) Cystic calculus
2) Difficult parturition
3) Contaminated catheterization

30. 4) Late pregnancy as a sequel to
paralysis of the bladder.
5) in horses grazing on Sudan
grass.
6) Pyelonephritis, endometritis,
vaginitis.
7) Certain drugs as turpentine oil.

31. Diagnosis of urinary systemDiagnosis of urinary system
diseasesdiseases
1-Clinical symtoms
2-Urine analysis
3-Ultra-sonography
4-X ray
5- Endoscopic examination.
6- Necropsy findings.

32. 11--Clinical symtomsClinical symtoms
Arched back
Frequent painful urination

33. URINALYSISURINALYSIS2-Urine analysis

34. Urine analysisUrine analysis
1-Physical examination
2-Microscopical examination
3-Isolation & sensitivity test

35. 11--Physical ExamPhysical Exam..
Colour
Turbidity
Odour
Specific Gravity

36. 11--COLOURCOLOUR

37. Red Urine

38. 11--HematuriaHematuria
1-Pre-renal
Bulby kidney
(Clost.)
Trauma of
the kiney
2-Renal:
Sulhon. toxicity
glomerulonephritis
3- Post renal:
Cystitis
Urolithiasis
Faulty catheter

39. 22--HemoglobinuriaHemoglobinuria
1-Blood parasites (Babesiosis(
2-Post parturient hypophosphatemia
3-Bacillary hemoglobinuria
4-Chronic copper poisoning
Temp.
+Blood Film

40. External
parasites (Ticks(
High
temperature
Babesiosis
Red Urine

41. Sediment TestSediment Test
Deff. Between hematuria &Deff. Between hematuria &
hemoglobinuriahemoglobinuria
RbCs Sed.
Hematurea
No Sed
Hemoglobinuria

42. 22--Urine pHUrine pH
Dependent on diet
–horse/cow 7.5 – 8.5
–dog/cat 6.0 – 7.5

43. Acidic urineAcidic urine
(Ruminant(Ruminant((
–Starvation
–Fever
–Treatment with sodium acid
phosphate
–acidosis
–Hypokalemia

44. Alkaline urineAlkaline urine
(Pet animals(Pet animals((
– Alkalosis
– Cystitis
– Urine retention
– Treatment with carbonate

45. Yellow
Urine

46. Bilirubin-uriaBilirubin-uria
1-re-hepatic
eptosirosis
abesiosis
ypophosphatemia
2-Hepatic:
Toxicity
Hepatitis
3- Post hepatic
Calculi
Tumer

47. KetonuriaKetonuria
 It can be detected by Rother's test or urine strips
test.
– It can be seen in case of:
 Acetonemia
 Fatty liver.
 Abomasal displacement
 Bovine ketosis
 Pregnancy ketosis of ewes .
 Low carb, high fat diet

48. ProteinuriaProteinuria
seen in:
Cystitis
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of genital
organs
Lead and arsenic poisening

49. GlucosuriaGlucosuria
Glucosuria
– Hyperglycemia (most causes(
 Renal proximal tubular threshold
– dog 180 mg/dl
– cat 280 mg/dl
– horse/calves 150 mg/dl
– cattle 100 mg/dl
 Diabetes mellitus
 Stress or excitement
 Glucose-containing fluids

50. 2-Microscopic examination

51. Sediment EvaluationSediment Evaluation
PyoriaPyoria
WBC’s Sed

52. 11--BacteriuriaBacteriuria

53. 22--Blood CellsBlood Cells

54. 33--Epithelial cellsEpithelial cells

55. 44--Cast FormationCast Formation

56. A-Hyaline CastsA-Hyaline Casts

57. B-Cellular CastsB-Cellular Casts

58. C-Granular CastsC-Granular Casts

59. D-Waxy CastsD-Waxy Casts

60. E-Fatty CastsE-Fatty Casts

61. Acidic Urine CrystalsAcidic Urine Crystals
Sulfa
Ca oxalate
dihydrate Urate crystals

62. Alkaline Urine CrystalsAlkaline Urine Crystals
calcium carbon
Mg ammonium phosphate

63. Calcium oxalateCalcium oxalate
monohydratemonohydrate

64. Ammonium biurateAmmonium biurate

65. CystineCystine

66. BilirubinBilirubin

67. Fat dropletsFat droplets

68. Line of treatment
Of
urinary tract affections
Anti-
inflammatory
Urinary
Antiseptic
Antibiotic

69. AntimicrobialsAntimicrobials
Activity against the causal
bacteria
Be excreted and concentrated in
thekidney and urine
Be active at the ph of urine
Low toxicity

70. AntimicrobialsAntimicrobials
Be easily administered
Low in cost
No harmful interactions
with other administered
drugs.

71. Types of Antibiotic
Peniclline
&
streptomycine
Sulpha
&
Trimethprime
Gentamycine

72. Types of Antibiotic
According to species
Rumminant
penicillines
Equines
Sulpha & Trimethoprime

73. Duration
of
Antibiotic
Chronic pyogenic
2-4weeks
Chronic
7-10D
Acute
3-5days

74. Duration
of
Antibiotic
Upper urinary tract
2-4weeks
Lower urinary
Tract Infection
7days

75. 2-Urinary
Antiseptic
Urinary lavage
IV glucose
Systemic
Coli-urinal
Hexamin
Local
use of
catheters