Medicines that used to treat and control asthma.

1. PHARMACEUTICS 1
(DR. (H) YUNUS BIN ALI AS-SHIFA AD-DAIE AL-
ABDULLAHI)
FATIN SYAZWANI AZAM
(DPM40/515/0773)
NURHANANI BINTI ABD HALIM
(DPM40/515/0815)
AZYAN NABIHAH BT JAMALUDIN
(DPM40/515/0793)

2. Anti-asthmatic drugs are medicines that treat or
prevent asthma attacks.
The phrase "drugs for asthma" means drugs that
help open up the airways when they become
narrowed due to disease. Other drugs may be
used in people with asthma and COPD, such as
antibiotics for infection, but they are not used
to directly "open up" the airways.

3. The classification of Anti-Asthmatic Drug is based on its
mechanism of action (MOA) and route of administration
(ROA).
‘To open up’ the airways, all available medications can be
classified by one of two fundamental mechanisms of
action: bronchodilation and anti-inflammatory
The bronchodilator larger airways delivering air inside the
lungs and act on smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi.
While anti-inflammatory drugs, by contrast, act to decrease
the inflammation inside the airways; in this case
"inflammation" means fluid and cellular debri that tends to
clog up the airways of people with asthma and COPD.

4. ANTI ASTHMATIC
DRUG
MOA
ANTI-
INFLAMMATORY
Corticosteroids
Mediator-Release
Inhibitors
Anti-Leukotrienes
BRONCHODILATION
Beta Adrenergics Anti-Cholinergics
Methyl Xanthines
ROA
classification
Classification

5. Liquid : suspension, syrup, spray
Solid : tablet, powder

6. Tablets,
capsules, and
liquids are
swallowed.
a powder or
fine mist
delivered from
a machine
hand-held
device (spray)
injection either
under the skin
(sub-cutaneous) or
into the muscle
(intra-muscular).
fine tube placed
safely in a vein or
tissues. this route is
reserved for
hospitalized
patients.

7. • Their route of administration are nebulizer inhalation and inhalation
chamber, or direct intratracheal route in patients receiving artificial
ventilation.
• Inhalation is the preferred route of administration as this allows the
drug to be delivered directly into the airways in smaller doses. This
causes fewer side effects than if given systemically or parenterally.
When delivered by inhalation, bronchodilators also have a faster
onset of action and give better protection from
bronchoconstriction.
• Persons with mild asthma may use quick relief medication as
needed. Those with persistent asthma should use preventative
medicine on a regular basis to prevent asthma attacks. Medication
is added in a step-up progression depending on the severity and
frequency of attacks. It is also important to step-down the
treatment when control is good.

8. Alcohol intoxication
Misuse/excessive use of
drug
Depression
Tobacco smoking
Poisoning by breathing
drug Theophylline
Multiple organ failure
high blood pressure
Chronic cannabis smoker
Heart attack
Disease of arteries
Abnormal heart rhythm
Chronic heart failure
Temporarily stop
breathing while sleeping
Fever for many days
Fast heartbeat
Diabetes

9. Disintegrant :
 sodium bicarbonate
 Tartaric acid
Diluent :
 Microcrystalline cellulose 200
 Sodium starch glycolate
Binder :
 Hydroxyprophyl cellulose EXF
• Pro-Banthine 15 mg Tablets
(anti muscarinics)
• List of excipient(s)
• Lactose monohydrate
• Maize starch
• Talc
• Light liquid paraffin
• Magnesium stearate
• Coating
• Sucrose
• Cosmetic red oxide (E172)
• Cosmetic ochre No. 1624 (E172)
• Calcium carbonate
• Saccharin sodium
• Titanium dioxide (E171)
• Talc
• Carnauba wax
• Magnesium carbonate
• Castor oil virgin

10. There are two types of anti-asthmatic drug : quick-
relief medication and long term medication.
Quick-relief medications: they are used as
needed for rapid, short-term symptom relief
during an asthma attack.
Long-term asthma control medications: they
work to reduce the amount of inflammation in
the airways and prevent asthma attacks
occurring.

11. NAME ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGESS
Short acting beta2
agonist
quick-relief
bronchodilators act
within minutes to rapidly
ease symptoms during
an asthma attack
Do not relieve the
swelling or inflammation
of the breathing tube
Antimuscarinics act quickly to
immediately relax the
airways, like other
bronchodilators, making
it easier to breathe
Mostly dry mouth,
constipation
Systemic
Corticosteroids
relieve airway
inflammation caused by
severe asthma.
Have serious side effects
when used long term, the
systemic routes are used
only on a short-term
basis to treat severe
asthma symptoms.
Intravenous Xanthines relax smooth muscle
and to relieve bronchial
spasm and are indicated
for severe asthma attack
stimulant effects on
respiration and have anti-
inflammatory

12. NAME ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGESS
Inhaled Corticosteroids most effective preventers need to use these
medications for several
days to weeks before they
reach their maximum
benefit
Long-acting agonists open the airways. may increase the risk of a
severe asthma attack,
unless they are used in
combination with an
inhaled corticosteroid
Leukotriene Inhibitors act against one of the
inflammatory components of
asthma and provide protection
against bronchoconstriction
*when taken before exercise or exposure to
allergen or to cold air.
Jaundice, headache
Xanthines form relaxation of bronchial
muscle and relief of bronchial
spasm.
stimulant effects on
respiration and have anti-
inflammatory

13. • Over the past years, inhaled glucocorticoids have become
established as a cornerstone of maintenance therapy
because of their demonstrated clinical efficacy, ability to
reduce bronchial inflammation and good tolerability.
• However, many patients (especially children and the
elderly) find inhalers difficult to use, and poor inhalation
technique can affect the amount of drug reaching the
lungs and response to therapy. Oral drug administration is
simple, but, until recently, oral asthma therapy has
primarily consisted of sustained release theophylline and
glucocorticoids.
• Theophylline has a narrow therapeutic index, necessitating
regular monitoring of serum drug concentrations, and long
term oral glucocorticoid therapy is associated with
potentially serious adverse events including osteoporosis
with bone fracture.

14. Leukotriene Modifiers
 Block the effects of
Leukotrienes
 Help to prevent the
symptoms for up to 24
hours
Theophylline
 Relaxes the airways
and decrease the
lungs response to
irritant
 Helpful for night
time asthma
symptoms
Long-acting Beta Agonist
 Open airways and reduce
swelling at least 12 hours
 Must be taken in
combination with Inhaled
Corticosteroids
Inhaled Corticosteroids
 Reduced swelling and
tightening in your airways
 Used several months
before get their maximum
benefit
Antimuscarnics
 Taken using inhaler
 Cause the airways to
dilate by blocking
cholinergic nerve
 The nerve release
chemical that cause
the muscle lining of
the airways tighten
Short-acting Beta Agonist
 Relaxing the tightening of the
muscle bands around the airways
 Very effective in opening the airways

15. • Beta2 agonist : Should be used with caution in patients with hyperthyroidism,
cardiovascular disease, arrhythmias, susceptibility to QT-interval prolongation, and
hypertension
Should also be used with caution in diabetic patients - monitor blood glucose may
be required due to the risk of ketoacidosis, especially when beta2 agonist given
intravenously
• Antimuscarinics : Should be used with caution in patients with prostatic
hyperplasia, bladder outflow obstruction, and those susceptible to angle-closure
glaucoma
• Corticosteroids
– Inhaled corticosteroids : Monitor the height and weight of children annually. Association
with adrenal crisis and coma in children, thus avoid excessive dose
– Leukotriene Inhibitors : Should not be used for the treatment of acute asthma attacks.
Caution in pregnancy and breastfeeding
– Xanthines : Should be used with caution in patients with heart failure, hepatic
impairment and viral infections, in the elderly, smokers and alcoholics. Should avoid the
concurrent use of intravenous and other routes of administration of xanthines

17. DRUG MUST BE AVOIDED
• Ibuprofen