joint musculoskeletal

2. A joint is the location in which two
or more bones articulate or makes
contacts. Some joints likes those of
the skull are fixed and have no
movements, some are like vertebrae
can move slightly and some are
freely moveable like the joints of the
limbs.

3. 1.Fibrous joints
2.Synovial joints
3.Cartilaginous joints

4. Fibrous joints connect bones without
allowing any movement. The bones of
the skull and pelvis are held together by
fibrous joints. The union of spinous
process and vertebrae, joints between
teeth, maxilla and mandible are the
example of fibrous joints.

5. The capsule joints is enclosed and
surrounded by fibrous joints. This
keeps the bones together. The capsules
protects the bones and joints from
injury and allow free movement.

6. Cartilaginous joints are joints in which
the bones are attached by cartilage. In
this type of joints, there is a pad of fibro
cartilage between the end of the bones
which form joints, where some
movement are required. Cartilaginous
joints are divide into primary cartilage
joints and secondary cartilage joints.

7. The main movement of the
synaviol joint
 Flexion: bending forward
 Extension: straighting or bending backwords
 Abduction: moving away from the midline of the body
 Adduction: moving towards the midline of the body
 Rotation: moving round the axis of bone
 Pronation: turning the palm of the hand down
 Supination: turning the palm of the hand up
 Circumulation: combination of
flexion,extension,abduction,adduction

8. Main synovial joint of the upper
limb
 Shoulder joint
 it’s a ball and socket type of joints. The head of the
humerus rotated within the glenoid cavity of the
scapula.
 Elbow joint
This joint is formed the lower end of the humerus with
the upper end of the ulna and radius. It’s type of hinge
joint
 Wrist joint
This joint is formed by the distal end of the radius
an d the proximal end of the carpals bones .its the
condyloid joint

9. •Hip joints
The head of the femur bone fits into a cup shaped
acetabulum of the hip bone.
•Knee joint
It is formed by two condyles of the femur with the condyles
of the tibia and that posteria surface of the patella.