2. According to EPA regulations, SOLID
WASTE is
Any garbage or refuse (Municipal Solid
Waste)
Sludge from a wastewater treatment plant,
water supply treatment plant, or air pollution
control facility
Other discarded material
Solid, liquid, semi-solid, or contained gaseous
material from industrial, commercial, mining,
and agricultural operations, and from
community activities
4. Classification of Wastes according to
their Effects on Human Health and the
Environment
Hazardous wastes
Non-hazardous
5. Classification of wastes according to their
origin and type
Municipal Solid wastes
Medical wastes
Industrial wastes
Agricultural wastes
Radioactive wastes
Electronic wastes
10. Landfilling
Oldest method, waste disposed in
landfill.
Waste digested anaerobically and
produce biogas used as source of
heating.
11.
12. Incineration
Mass burn technology in the presence of
oxygen.
Waste burn in incinerator and converted
in to ash and harmful green house
gasses.
13.
14. Pyrolysis
Thermal treatment in the absence of
oxygen at low temperature.
Syngas, pyrolysis is liquid and coke
obtained as products.
15.
16. Gasification
Partial oxidation of waste at high
temperature.
Products are low quality synthesis gas
(a mixture of carbon mono-oxide and
hydrogen used espacially in chemical
synthesis), slag ( unwanted material of a
metal) and metals.
17.
18. Plasma gasification
Waste is converted into syngas and
vitrified slag at high temperature.
No emission of green house gasses.
Notes de l'éditeur
Bio-degradable: can be degraded (paper, wood, fruits and others.
Non-biodegradable: cannot be degraded (plastics, bottles, old and others.
Hazardous waste: Any material which can cause effect on environment, human, animal and plants.
Non-hazardous waste: Any material which do not effect on environment, human, animal and plants.
Municipal Solid wastes: Solid wastes that include household garbage, rubbish, construction & demolition debris, sanitation residues, packaging materials, trade refuges etc. are managed by any municipality.
Bio-medical wastes: Solid or liquid wastes including containers, intermediate or end products generated during diagnosis, treatment & research activities of medical sciences.
Industrial wastes: Liquid and solid wastes that are generated by manufacturing & processing units of various industries like chemical, petroleum, coal, metal gas, sanitary & paper etc.
Agricultural wastes: Wastes generated from farming activities. These substances are mostly biodegradable.
Radioactive wastes: Waste containing radioactive materials. Usually these are byproducts of nuclear processes. Sometimes industries that are not directly involved in nuclear activities, may also produce some radioactive wastes, e.g. radio-isotopes, chemical sludge etc.
E-wastes: Electronic wastes generated from any modern establishments. They may be described as discarded electrical or electronic devices. Some electronic scrap components.
