Power Sector in India

1. POWER SECTOR IN
INDIA

2. HISTORY OF POWER SECTOR IN INDIA
• The Indian Power Industry before independence was controlled
firmly by the British.
• In 1947, the country had a power generating capacity of 1,362 MW.
• Electricity Supply Act of 1948- establishment of CEA (Central
Electricity Authority)and SEB’s(State Electricity Boards)
• SEB’s became the autonomous agencies for supplying power
throughout India.
• CEA was essentially advisory rather than executive.
• The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956- generation and
distribution of electricity almost exclusively for the states
• Amendment in 1976 –establishment of NTPC Ltd, NHPC, NEEPCO,
Mysore (now Karnataka) Power Corporation etc.

3. HISTORY OF POWER SECTOR IN INDIA
• Until 1991, power sector in the states was managed by one large entity
that generated, transmitted and distributed power, under the
respective State Ministries of Power.
• Liberalisation of 1991-privatization of Orissa power utility.
• The paradigm shift-Electricity act, 2003
•
•
•
•
SEBs will no longer exist in the existing form.
mandates licensee-free thermal generation.
non-discriminatory open access of the transmission system.
gradual implementation of open access in the distribution
system .

4.  The first demonstration of electric light in Calcutta was conducted
on 24 July 1879 by P W Fleury & Co.
 Mumbai saw electric lighting demonstration for the first time in
1882 at Crawford Market.
 The first hydroelectric installation in India was installed near a tea
estate at Sidrapong for the Darjeeling Municipality in 1897.
 The first electric train ran between Bombay's Victoria Terminus and
Kurla along the Harbour Line, in 1925.

5. Current Status
• 5th largest producer
• Fourth largest consumer of electricity after USA, China and Russia.
This accounts for 3.4 per cent of the global energy consumption
• Still, 33% of rural and 6% of urban India is out of access to
electricity
• Transmission network & Capacity
• 98,367 circuit Km’s of transmission lines at 800/765kV, 400kV,
220kV and 132kV and +500kV levels
• 160 sub-stations
• Transformation capacity is about 1,57,158 MVA as on January 31,
2013
• As per the current stats, the International Energy Agency estimates
India needs an investment of at least $135 billion to provide
universal access of electricity to its population.

6. India’s Installed Generation Capacity 10.24
225.13 GW as on
May 31, 2013.
Coal
Gas
DSLs
19.8
Nuclear fuel
57.30
3.1
0.6
8.96
Hydro
Renewable Energy Sources

7. Demand and Supply

8. Demand vs. Availability
•Growth in energy demand has
consistently outpaced growth in
supply

9. Power Generated – How does it flow?
Where does it go?
Generating Station
100 units
Transmission System –
4% losses
96 units
Unavoidable Distribution
Losses - 15%
82 units
Pilferage -35% losses
29 units
Billed to consumer –
53 units
20% loss
Energy usefully consumed –
42 units (max.)

10. Problems
• Shortage of coal and gas
• Skilled manpower for construction and
commissioning of projects.
• Land acquisition and Rehabilitation.
• Environmental and Forest Concerns.
• Inter-state and Contractual issues
• Geological Surprises
• Pilferage

11. Possible Solutions
•
•
•
•
•
Accelerate captive mine development
Use of renewable sources.
Strengthen governance to drive implementation.
Building infrastructure.
Improve monitoring mechanisms.

12. Rural Electrification
Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY)
• Aims at…
▫Electrifying all villages and habitations.
▫Providing access to electricity to all rural households.
▫Giving Electricity Connection to Below Poverty Line (BPL)
families free of charge.
• Main Features
▫All ongoing schemes merged in “Rajiv Gandhi Grameen
Vidyutikaran Yojana” (RGGVY)
▫90% grant and 10% loan
▫Electrification as per new definition

13. Implementing Agencies
NPSU:- NTPC, PGCIL, NHPCL, DVC
State electricity board
State government power department.
Co-operative society and NGO’s

14. Rajiv Gandhi Grameen
Vidhyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY)
Project Outlay and Coverage (All India)
Projects
No. of
Projects
Unelectrified
Villages
Intensive
Electrification
of Villages
BPL HH
covered
Outlay in
Rs. Cr.
(Sanctioned
cost)
Approved
under 10th Plan
235
68763
111936
83.10
Lakh
9733
Approved
under 11th Plan
338
49736
243031
163.35
Lakh
16620
Total
573
118499
354967
246.45
Lakh
26353

16. THE COAL SCAM
A STUDY!!
THE SCAM
WHAT IT IS!
COMPARIS
ON OF
SCALE
• 1.87 lakh Crore Rupees
THE
• Biggest scam in India by now GAINER
S
• Report authenticated by Comptroller
THE
and Auditor General of India
ESTIMATE
PROCES
S
THE PEOPLE
RESPONSIBL
E

17. What is the coal scam?
A question many of you would have.
WHAT IT IS!
Simply put it is a corruption scandal
where-in the Comptroller and Auditor
General of India (CAG) office has
accused the Government of India for
providing the nation's coal deposits
to private and state-run entities in an
irregular and arbitrary manner instead
of publicly auctioning them off to the
highest bidder (as is usually done for
such entities), resulting in a loss of
approximately
186,000
crore
(US$33.67 billion) to the exchequer
during the period 2004-2009.

18. To g e t a n i d e a o f i t s s c a l e l e t ’ s s e e w h a t
this money
could have bought

19. Politics of Nuclear Power in India
Ever heard of Wind or Solar Scientist Post?

20. Why is Nuclear Power Promoted in India
• Current energy policies are designed to benefit foreign
MNC’s like General electrics, Westing house etc.
• Profit for MNC’s who will provide reactor design
(Investment at Jaitpur plant is 1 lakh crore)
• Commission for Indian
Politicians, Intellectuals, Scientists etc.
• Very less scope of investment in renewable energy
• MNC’s of Nuclear power sector are too strong to let the
Renewable energy sector grow.

21. Indian Power Sector

22. Renewable Power Sources
• SOLAR ENERGY – Solar radiation across 85% Country can
be termed as good to excellent and hence majority of
Country is ideal for use of Solar Energy. Growth in solar
power by approximately 56 mw in 2011 to around 1060 mw
of solar power in 2012.
• WIND ENERGY - Fastest growing renewable energy source.
Globally it grew at a rate of 27% per annum in last 10 years.
Presently india is ranked 4th in terms of wind energy
installed capacity..
• BIOMASS - crop residues, woods , and mustard oil are the
major contributors to biomass energy. About 2% of power
in india is generated by these resources.
• TIDAL ENERGY- The tides are perfectly
predictable, regular, and the India contains miles of
coastline for energy exploitation.

23. Future of Energy Technology
Flying Wind Farms
• kite-like airborne turbines spinning at high
altitudes sending power down via nano-tube
cables to generate power
• Wind has more power and velocity and is more
consistently predictable. It generates about 8 –
27 times the power produced at ground level.

24. Future of Energy Technology
Solar Wind Energy
• The satellite launched to tap solar wind
power, instead of working like a wind
mill, where a blade attached to the turbine is
physically rotated to generate electricity, would
use charged copper wire for capturing electrons
zooming away from the sun at several hundred
kilometres per second.
• Solar wind power will generate the amount of
power that no one including the scientists
working to find new means of generating power
ever expected.

25. Pilferage
• Pilferage (Power theft) in India is
responsible for the disappearance of 29%
of electricity generated.
• In energy terms this amounts to 613.87
million units/day.

26. Thank You !