Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that can cause illness in animals and humans. COVID-19 is caused by a new strain of coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2. It spreads mainly from person to person through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Common symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. While most cases result in mild symptoms, some can progress to viral pneumonia and multi-organ failure. The elderly and those with pre-existing medical conditions are most at risk. There is currently no vaccine, though supportive care and symptomatic treatment are being used. Social distancing, hand washing, and other preventive measures are recommended to reduce transmission.

1. Harshit Jadav
Coronavirus Disease- 19
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2. What is a Coronavirus?
• A large family of viruses which cause illness in animals or humans.
• It’s a zoonotic Disease. (animals to human)
• In humans, several coronaviruses are known till date
• They cause respiratory infections ranging from the common cold to
more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome
(MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
• The most recently discovered coronavirus causes coronavirus disease
COVID-19.
• Now it’s confirmed that its Airborne also (for 8-10 hours)
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3. What is Covid-19?
• COVID-19 is the infectious disease caused by the most recently
discovered coronavirus.
• This new virus and disease were unknown before the outbreak began
in Wuhan, China, in December 2019.
• It’s also known as SARS-CoV-2, because its genetic material is similar
to SARS which was responsible for SARS outbreak in 2002.
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4. Structure of Coronavirus
In Latin Corona means ‘Crown’. Under Microscope it looks like Crown.
That’s why its known as Coronavirus3/24/2020 Harshit Jadav 4

5. Pathogenesis of Covid-19
It is a single stranded RNA Virus with protein spikes
This spikes allows the virus to invade the respiratory track
After binding to cells, especially Alveolar epithelial cells, it takes over
the cellular mechanism and start reproducing them selves
They replicate inside of our body and these new formed virus
spreads to surrounding cells and form large quantity of mucus
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6. Some times infection is mild so, people don’t develop any symptoms
But they can acts as a carrier when they sneeze or cough
Symptoms appear between 2-14 days depending upon severity
of infection and other factors known as “Incubation Period”
Severe Lung Damage can cause ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress
Syndrome): build up of fluid within and around the lungs
In severe cases, patients develop “Septic Shock”. Blood Pressure Falls
drastically
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7. So due to Septic Shock, Body starves for Oxygen and without oxygen
Organs begins to fail
ARDS and Septic Shock are the main cause of death
Factors That
increases the
severity of disease
>60 Age Smoking
Previous Medical
Conditions like
Hypertension
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8. Age Distribution
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9. What are the Symptoms of COVID-19?
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10. Mortality Rate comparison
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11. How does COVID-19 Spread?
• The disease can spread from person to person through small droplets
from the nose or mouth which are spread when a person with COVID-19
coughs or exhales.
• These droplets land on objects and surfaces around the person. Other
people then catch COVID-19 by touching these objects or surfaces, then
touching their eyes, nose or mouth.
• People can also catch COVID-19 if they breathe in droplets from a person
with COVID-19 who coughs out or exhales droplets.
• This is why it is important to stay more than 1 meter (3 feet) away from
a person who is sick.
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12. Can CoVID-19 be caught from a person who
has no symptoms?
• The main way the disease spreads is through respiratory droplets
expelled by someone who is coughing.
• The risk of catching COVID-19 from someone with no symptoms at all
is very low.
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13. Diagnosis of COVID-19
• Upper Respiratory test specimen such as nasopharyngeal
Swabs and oropharyngeal Swabs collected
• Lower respiratory test specimen like Broncho-alveolar lavage
is also collocated
• COVID-19 is diagnosed by RT-PCR Method. (Reverse
Transcriptase Polymerase chain reaction)
• It can detect very small amount of RNA
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14. Protective Measure for Everyone
Regularly and thoroughly clean your hands with an alcohol-based hand
rub or wash them with soap and water.
Why? Washing your hands with soap and water or using alcohol-based hand
rub kills viruses that may be on your hands.
Maintain at least 1 meter (3 feet) distance between yourself and anyone
who is coughing or sneezing.
Why? When someone coughs or sneezes they spray small liquid droplets
from their nose or mouth which may contain virus. If you are too close, you
can breathe in the droplets, including the COVID-19 virus if the person
coughing has the disease.
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15. • Avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth.
Why? Hands touch many surfaces and can pick up viruses. Once
contaminated, hands can transfer the virus to your eyes, nose or mouth.
From there, the virus can enter your body and can make you sick.
• Make sure you, and the people around you, follow good respiratory
hygiene. This means covering your mouth and nose with your bent
elbow or tissue when you cough or sneeze. Then dispose of the used
tissue immediately.
Why? Droplets spread virus. By following good respiratory hygiene you
protect the people around you from viruses such as cold, flu and COVID-
19.
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16. Protection measures for persons who are in or have
recently visited (past 14 days) areas where COVID-19 is
spreading
Self-isolate yourself by staying at Regardless of symptoms
If it is essential for you to have someone bring you supplies or to go out, e.g.
to buy food, then wear a mask to avoid infecting other people.
If you develop fever, cough and difficulty breathing, seek medical advice
promptly as this may be due to a respiratory infection or other serious
condition.
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17. Who is at a risk of developing severe illness?
• Older persons
• persons with pre-existing medical conditions (such as high
blood pressure, heart disease, lung disease, cancer or
diabetes) appear to develop serious illness more often than
others.
• Smokers
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18. Treatment options
• Sadly, there’s no specific drugs or Vaccine for COVID-19
• Treatment is focused on supportive care only providing symptomatic
treatment.
• Primary report Shows that these medicine are highly effective in
management of COVID-19
• Chloroquine and Hydroxy-Choloroquine: Anti-Malerial Drug
• Ritonavir: Anti-HIV drug
• Remdesiver: Anti-HIV drug
• Azithromysine: Anti-biotic
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19. Should we wear Mask?
• Mask is only helpful when you are affected with COVID-19 or if you
are taking care of COVID-19 patient
• If you are not ill or not looking after patient, there’s no need of
wearing mask
• There’s a world wide shortage of mask. So use widely.
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20. Most Important Thing to Remember
• Don’t Panic and Don’t Spread Rumors.
• Understand the diseases properly and follow good protective
measures.
• Wash your hand every hour for 20 second and tell your
family to do so. But make sure you don’t waste water for that
20 second.
• Sanities your door knob, any delivery (like newspaper, milk
pouch, amazon etc.), TV Remote and especially your cell
phone.
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21. Most Important Thing to Remember
• Stay at your home. Self-isolate with your family. Follow complete
lockdown procedure. Social-Distancing is very much important.
• Support the local authority, policeman and healthcare workers by
following their advice.
• Don’t spread non-essential WhatsApp treatments, advices and
rumors. Double check information you receive by these social media
planforms.
• Utilize your time in productive manner by not
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22. Thank you
Rest at Your Home
or
Rest in Peace
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