This document discusses three historical themes: 1) The impact of outside-of-school factors like family and neighborhood on student achievement compared to inside-school factors. It notes that children spend 90% of their time outside of school. 2) The 1969 Black Arts Movement and a protest of an art exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum that contained no paintings by Black artists. 3) Community opposition to school closings and segregation in Bedford-Stuyvesant, including a struggle to keep Public School 256 open and the phasing out of Paul Robeson High School. It provides statistics on closed schools being majority Black/Latino with higher rates of poverty and lower academic performance.

1. Historical Theme # 1 Poverty

3. Outside-of-school factors are three
times more powerful in affecting
student achievement than are the
inside-the-school factors.
Who said this and when?

4. On average, by age 18, children and
youth have spent about 10 percent of
their lives in what we call schools, while
spending around 90 percent of their
lives in family and neighborhood.
Thus, if families and neighborhoods are
dysfunctional or toxic, their chance to
influence youth is nine times greater
than the schools’!

6. Historical Theme #2 Art Movements and Identity

7. The Black Arts Movement

8. http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=Video
+Black+Arts+Movement&mid=BAE88C52D31D
9EF29C88BAE88C52D31D9EF29C88&view=det
ail&FORM=VIRE5

9. Friday, Jan. 24, 1969
Time Magazine
…. 40 or so pickets in front of
Manhattan's Metropolitan Museum
last week. They were protesting
Director Thomas P. F. Hoving's choice
of material for "Harlem On My Mind,"
an exhibition devoted to "the cultural
capital of Black America, 1900-1968."
The show contained no paintings by
black artists — or, for that matter, by
white artists.

10. Schoener, the curator, paintings
have "stopped being a vehicle for
valid expression in the 20th
century.”
Jacob Lawrence and Romare
Bearden denounced the show,
“What's the show doing at the
Met, if it's not an art exhibition?”

12. Harlem on My Mind

13. Theme #3 Community and School Segregation

14. The current fight to keep Public School 256 open in
Bedford Stuyvesant Received an “F”

15. Paul Robeson High School Bedford Stuyvesant
Phasing out this fall-- no incoming 9th grade

18. Co-location PS 20 and Urban Assembly School for Arts and
Letters Bedford Stuyvesant

20. 21 closed high schools since 2000
majority Black and Latino
• 74% were eligible for free
lunch, compared to 55% citywide
• 21% of students were English Language
Learners, compared to 13% citywide
• 46% were overage for grade,
compared to 29% citywide
• 89% were below grade level in ELA and
91% below grade level in math –
compared to 67% and 70%
respectively, citywide

21. Invest in struggling schools instead of closing them
Build meaningful partnerships with students and
community
Provide an engaging and rigorous college preparatory
curriculum
Support students in accessing college
Ensure a safe& respectful school climate