2. A few words to know
Anxiety- the condition of feeling uneasy or
worried about what may happen.
Depression- A prolonged feeling of
helplessness, hopelessness and sadness.
Apathy- a lack of strong feeling, interest,
or concern.
Stigma-A mark of shame or disapproval
that results in an individual being
shunned.
3. NOTES
• Fold your paper in 3rds
• Label each column on both sides as
each of the six types of mental
disorders
• Description
• Examples
• Picture
4. Mental Health Disorders
Mental disorders are classified into several
categories
Anxiety Disorders
Affective Disorders
Psychotic Disorders
Impulse Disorders
Somatoform Disorders
Personality Disorders
5. Mental Disorders:
Anxiety disorder- are disorders in which real or
imagined fears cause anxiety and prevent a person
from enjoying life. Affect 40 million American adults
each year.
• Examples
•
•
•
•
•
Phobias
OCD
Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome
General Anxiety Disorder.
Panic Disorder
6. Anxiety Disorders 5
Panic disorder : an illness that is
char acter ized by sudden attacks of ter r or .
Pounding hear t, sweating, weakness, or dizziness.
•
Dur ing these attacks, people may ex per ience
nausea, chest pain, or smother ing sensations.
Panic attacks do not occur because of a specific
“tr igger .” They can be completely unpr edictable
and last 10 to 30 minutes.
7. Anxiety Disorders:
Anxiety Disorders
Phobia: An extreme irrational fear of a specific
thing that poses no real danger known as a trigger.
Triggers: Germs, closed spaces, open spaces,
water etc.
People may take extreme measures to avoid a fear
and reacts in a way that limits normal functioning.
Twice as common in women than men.
8. Phobias: When a person encounters their phobia
they may experience panic, fear, rapid heartbeat,
shortness of breath, trembling, or a strong desire to
get away.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Arachnophobia Spiders
Social phobia Social Situations
Claustrophobia Small spaces
Brontophobia Thunderstorms
Necrophobia
Dying
Flying
Aerophobia
Heights
Acrophobia
9. Anxiety Disorders:
General Anxiety disorder (GAD)- A person
will feel anxious or fearfulness but for no
specific reason. They just feel anxiety daily.
Symptoms may also include
-Startling Easily -Difficulty Sleeping
-Fatigue
-Headaches
-Irritability
-Muscle tension
10. Anxiety Disorders:
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder- A person who
has an unreasonable need to think and act in a
certain way. Obsessions are persistent thoughts that
keep people from thinking about other things. They
have rituals to deal with their anxiety.
Obsession
Ritual
Germs and dirt
Wash hands over and over
Intruders
Lock doors over and over
Social acceptance
Brush hair, look in mirror…
Count, Check , Touch things in sequence
11. Anxiety Disorders:
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: when a person
experienced a traumatic event such as war, rape,
attempted murder, kidnapping, or natural disaster
and experience lasting emotional effects.
Symptoms include
-emotionally numb
-not affectionate
-aggressive or violent
-startle easily
-Flashbacks in sleep or during the day
12. Affective Disorders:
Affective (Mood) Disorders: Disorders that affect and
control moods. This includes mood swings that are severe
and last for an extended period of time.
Mania:
Hyperactivity, irritable, high energy, rapid speech
Extreme Optimism, Reckless Behavior.
Depression: Sadness, Hopelessness, low energy,
Manic Depressive Disorder:
When a person’s moods shift dramatically from
one extreme to another for no apparent reason.
13. Affective Disorders:
Depression: Prolonged feelings of sadness.
Signs of Depression:
1. Loss of appetite
2. Decreased Energy
3. Difficulty Sleeping
4. Feelings of Guilt
Treatment:
1. Psychological Therapy
2. Medications
3. Environmental Changes
4. TIME
14. Psychotic Disorders:
•Psychotic disorders are severe mental
disorders that cause abnormal thinking and
perceptions.
•See and hear things that are real as anything
else and believe things that have been proven
wrong.
15. Psychotic Disorders 4
Schizophrenia: Lose contact with reality.hear
voices, see things that aren't there or believe that others are
reading or controlling their minds.
• In men, symptoms usually start in the late teens and early 20s.
•For women, they start in the mid-20s to early 30s.
Symptoms:
•Difficulty speaking and expressing emotion
•Problems with attention, memory and organization
No one is sure what causes schizophrenia, but your genetic
makeup and brain chemistry probably play a role
16. Psychotic Disorders:
Delusional disorder: People with this illness have delusions
involving real-life situations that could be true, such as being followed,
being
Psychotic disorder due to a medical condition:
Hallucinations, delusions, or other symptoms may be the result of another
illness that affects brain function, such as a head injury or brain tumor.
conspired against, or having a disease.
Schizoaffective disorder: People with this illness have
symptoms of both schizophrenia and a mood disorder, such as depression
or bipolar disorder.
17. Impulse Disorders:
• As humans we have the ability to control our impulses
or urges. People with these disorders they can’t resist
these urges.
• A person usually feels increasing tension before
committing the act.
• During the act the person will feel gratification or relief.
Or they feel a loss of control.
• Afterward they may feel guilt or regret.
18. Somatoform Disorders:
• Somatoform Disorder- describes a condition in
which a person complains of disease symptoms, but
no physical cause can be found.
• Examples
• Conversion Disorder- neurological numbness, paralysis or fits
• Hypochondria- excessively worrying that you have a serious
illness
• Body Dysmorphic- excessively worrying about a “defect” in phys.
features
• Pain Disorder- Pain in different areas due to psychological stress.
19. Personality Disorders:
• Personality Disorders- A person who has a
personality disorder may respond inappropriately in
certain situations or may interfere with other’s
interactions. But the person usually functions normally
in society.
Antisocial Disorder - Criminal, lie, steal, fight with no guilt
Avoidant Disorder- Extremely shy and sensitive to rejection
Dependent Disorder- Extremely dependent on others
Narcissist Disorder - Inflated view of self and importance
Paranoid Disorder- Very distrustful of others (including the doc)
20. Help for Mental Disorders!!!
• Psychiatrist- deals with mental, emotional and
behavioral disease of the mind.
• Neurologist- is a physician who specializes in
organic disorders of the brain and nervous system.
• Clinical Psychologist- is a psychologist who
diagnoses and treats emotional and behavioral
disorders. College degree required.
21. Help for Mental Disorders!!!
• Educational Counselor- is a person who
generally works with young people, helping
them in personal or educational matters.
• Pastoral Counselor- Clergy- ministers,
priests and rabbis.
22. Help for Mental Disorders!!!
•
Social Worker- A person who provides a link
between the medical service center and the client
and his family.
•
Occupational Therapist- Evaluates a person’s
abilities in light of his or her emotional or physical
handicap.
•
Behavioral Therapist- Works with patients to help
them change their habits.
23. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Therapy that helps a person control their
thoughts in order to control their emotions
or behavior.
Thought -> Feeling -> Behavior -> Result
25. “For me, it is almost a violent experience. I feel
disconnected from reality. I feel like I’m losing control in
a very extreme way. My heart pounds really hard, I feel
like I can’t get my breath, and there’s an overwhelming
feeling that things are crashing in on me.”
“It started 10 years ago, when I had just graduated from
college and started a new job. I was sitting in a business
seminar in a hotel and this thing came out of the blue. I
felt like I was dying.”
“In between attacks there is this dread and anxiety that
it’s going to happen again. I’m afraid to go back to places
where I’ve had an attack. Unless I get help, there soon
won’t be anyplace where I can go and feel safe from panic
Panic Disorder
26. “I couldn’t do anything without rituals. They invaded every aspect of
my life. Counting really bogged me down. I would wash my hair
three times as opposed to once because three was a good luck
number and one wasn’t. It took me longer to read because I’d count
the lines in a paragraph. When I set my alarm at night, I had to set it
to a number that wouldn’t add up to a ’bad’ number.”
“I knew the rituals didn’t make sense, and I was deeply ashamed of
them, but I couldn’t seem to overcome them until I had therapy.”
“Getting dressed in the morning was tough, because I had a routine,
and if I didn’t follow the routine, I’d get anxious and would have to
get dressed again. I always worried that if I didn’t do something, my
parents were going to die. I’d have these terrible thoughts of
harming my parents. That was completely irrational, but the
thoughts triggered more anxiety and more senseless behavior.
Because of the time I spent on rituals, I was unable to do a lot of
things that were important to me
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
27. “I was raped when I was 25 years old. For a long time, I spoke
about the rape as though it was something that happened to
someone else. I was very aware that it had happened to me, but
there was just no feeling.”
“Then I started having flashbacks. They kind of came over me like
a splash of water. I would be terrified. Suddenly I was reliving the
rape. Every instant was startling. I wasn’t aware of anything
around me, I was in a bubble, just kind of floating. And it was
scary. Having a flashback can wring you out.”
“The rape happened the week before Thanksgiving, and I can’t
believe the anxiety and fear I feel every year around the
anniversary date. It’s as though I’ve seen a werewolf. I can’t relax,
can’t sleep, don’t want to be with anyone. I wonder whether I’ll
ever be free of this terrible problem
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
28. “In any social situation, I felt fear. I would be anxious
before I even left the house, and it would escalate as I
got closer to a college class, a party, or whatever. I would
feel sick in my stomach-it almost felt like I had the flu.
My heart would pound, my palms would get sweaty, and
I would get this feeling of being removed from myself
and from everybody else.”
“When I would walk into a room full of people, I’d turn
red and it would feel like everybody’s eyes were on me. I
was embarrassed to stand off in a corner by myself, but I
couldn’t think of anything to say to anybody. It was
humiliating. I felt so clumsy, I couldn’t wait to get out.
Social Phobia
29. “I’m scared to death of flying, and I never do it anymore. I used
to start dreading a plane trip a month before I was due to leave.
It was an awful feeling when that airplane door closed and I felt
trapped. My heart would pound, and I would sweat bullets.
When the airplane would start to ascend, it just reinforced the
feeling that I couldn’t get out. When I think about flying, I
picture myself losing control, freaking out, and climbing the
walls, but of course I never did that. I’m not afraid of crashing
or hitting turbulence. It’s just that feeling of being trapped.
Whenever I’ve thought about changing jobs, I’ve had to think,
‘Would I be under pressure to fly?’ These days I only go places
where I can drive or take a train. My friends always point out
that I couldn’t get off a train traveling at high speeds either, so
why don’t trains bother me? I just tell them it isn’t a rational
fear.”
Specific Phobia
30. “I always thought I was just a worrier. I’d feel keyed up and unable
to relax. At times it would come and go, and at times it would be
constant. It could go on for days. I’d worry about what I was going
to fix for a dinner party, or what would be a great present for
somebody. I just couldn’t let something go.”
When my problems were at their worst, I’d miss work and feel just
terrible about it. Then I worried that I’d lose my job. My life was
miserable until I got treatment.
“I’d have terrible sleeping problems. There were times I’d wake up
wired in the middle of the night. I had trouble concentrating, even
reading the newspaper or a novel. Sometimes I’d feel a little
lightheaded. My heart would race or pound. And that would make
me worry more. I was always imagining things were worse than
they really were. When I got a stomachache, I’d think it was an
ulcer
General Anxiety Disorder
31. As a group answer the following Questions
. What are some of the stigmas placed on people with mental
illness?
. Are these stigmas fair? Why not?
. What can we do to help eliminate this stigma?
. Is a mental illness a character flaw?
. What does the fear of stigma sometimes cause the person
With the mental disorder to do?
. Write down three questions you have about mental disorders.
