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Why did Europe go to war in 1914?



      In 1914, one of the most important wars in History broke out. At that time,

Frank Ferdinand of Austria and his wife, Sophie, had been killed in Sarajevo by

a teenage terrorist. This murder is a short – term cause which led to war. Also,

there were several long – term causes which made Europe go to war as well.

For example, Imperialism, Nationalism, Militarism and The Alliances. The aim of

this essay is to show how these causes led to war in 1914.In order to do so I will

examine each of them and I will asses if the murder in Sarajevo was the main

cause that led to the outbreak of war.



          One of the causes was The Alliances. These were agreements or

promises to defend and help other countries. In 1914, the most powerful

countries in Europe were divided into opposite alliances. For example, in 1907

The Triple Entente was formed. One of the countries that included was Britain.

France and Russia were Britain’s two most dangerous rivals. But by 1990’s this

began to change. France and Britain reached several agreements in 1904

about colonies in North Africa. Moreover, Britain was less concerned about

Russia because it had been defeated by Japan in a war. Furthermore, the

German Kaiser wanted an Empire and a strong navy. So, Britain saw this as a

threat to its own empire and navy. In 1907, it signed an agreement with Russia.

Other country which included the Alliance was France, which was defeated by

Germany in 1870. In addition to this, it built up their industries and army and

also developed a close friendship with Russia. However, France had some

concerns. It needed to protect against Germany and get back Alsace- Lorraine
which Germany had taken from. Finally, Russia, which had a rivalry with Austria

– Hungary. So, this is one of the reasons why it was so friendly with Serbia.

Another reason was that the Prussians and the Serbs were Slavs. Russia

began to build up a large army because they couldn’t afford the failure at the

war with Japan in 1905. Therefore, we can say that the System of Alliances was

an important cause that led to war because it divided Europe into two blocks

and it turned conflicts into wars.



        One of the most significant causes of tension was Militarism. This was

building up armed forces, getting ready for war. For example, the Anglo German

Naval Rivalry, which developed after 1900. Since 1805, Britain had ruled the

seas without any problem. But this changed in 1898, when Kaiser, Wilhelm,

wanted to build a powerful German navy to protect its growing trade. Britain felt

threatened by this. Added to this, in 1906 Britain launched HMS Dreadnought.

Germany responded by building its own Dreadnoughts. What is more, the naval

race was well and truly and they spent millions on their new ships. Therefore,

we can say that Militarism was an important cause that led to war, as it

increased tension and suspicion between states.



       Another cause was Imperialism. This means that they were trying to build

up an empire. For example, there were two events which increased the tension.

The first one was in 1905, when Kaiser visited Morocco to show that Germany

was now an important power in the area. He said he supported the Moroccans

in the struggle against the French. Because of this, France was furious. The

other event was in 1911 when he sent a gunboat to Agadir in Morocco. The
British and the French thought he was planning to establish a naval race. For

the Kaiser, Britain, France and Russia had to resist Germany’s ambition.

However, the British and French thought they had to take a firm stant against

Kaiser’s bullying tactics. Therefore, we can say that Imperialism was another

important cause for war because it increased tension and rivalry between states

and it led to conflicts that added to this tension.



      Yet another cause of tension was Nationalism. This meant having pride in

your country, willing to defend it. For example, the very unstable area of The

Balkans. Russia and Austria wanted to control this area because it gave them

access to the Mediterranean. In 1908, it came the first crisis, when Austria took

over the provinces of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Russia and Serbia protested but

they backed down when they knew Germany supported Austria. This happened

because they were not prepared for a war against Germany. But this

encouraged Russia to increase its army. A number of local wars were between

1912 and 1913. After this, Serbia became the most powerful country in the

area. By 1914, Austria wanted to crush Serbia. This opportunity came with the

murder of Archduke and his wife in Sarajevo. Because of this, Austria blamed

Serbia. This would make Austria deal with the problem once and for all. They

made Serbia part of Austrian Empire but Austria refused and declared war on

28 July 1914. This was the moment when the war began. Therefore, we can

say that Nationalism was an important cause that led to war because it

increased tension between great powers such as Russia and Austria – Hungary

and led to conflict’s that added to Europe’s general tension.
To conclude, it must be considered that the two most important causes

that led to the outbreak of war were the murder in Sarajevo, since it increased

tension between Austria and Serbia, and the System of Alliances because it

divided Europe into two armed blocks and it turned local conflicts into

international wars. Nonetheless, other causes must be considered such as

Militarism, Nationalism and Imperialism.



Josefina Perez Balconi

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Why did europe go to war in 1914, essay

  • 1. Why did Europe go to war in 1914? In 1914, one of the most important wars in History broke out. At that time, Frank Ferdinand of Austria and his wife, Sophie, had been killed in Sarajevo by a teenage terrorist. This murder is a short – term cause which led to war. Also, there were several long – term causes which made Europe go to war as well. For example, Imperialism, Nationalism, Militarism and The Alliances. The aim of this essay is to show how these causes led to war in 1914.In order to do so I will examine each of them and I will asses if the murder in Sarajevo was the main cause that led to the outbreak of war. One of the causes was The Alliances. These were agreements or promises to defend and help other countries. In 1914, the most powerful countries in Europe were divided into opposite alliances. For example, in 1907 The Triple Entente was formed. One of the countries that included was Britain. France and Russia were Britain’s two most dangerous rivals. But by 1990’s this began to change. France and Britain reached several agreements in 1904 about colonies in North Africa. Moreover, Britain was less concerned about Russia because it had been defeated by Japan in a war. Furthermore, the German Kaiser wanted an Empire and a strong navy. So, Britain saw this as a threat to its own empire and navy. In 1907, it signed an agreement with Russia. Other country which included the Alliance was France, which was defeated by Germany in 1870. In addition to this, it built up their industries and army and also developed a close friendship with Russia. However, France had some concerns. It needed to protect against Germany and get back Alsace- Lorraine
  • 2. which Germany had taken from. Finally, Russia, which had a rivalry with Austria – Hungary. So, this is one of the reasons why it was so friendly with Serbia. Another reason was that the Prussians and the Serbs were Slavs. Russia began to build up a large army because they couldn’t afford the failure at the war with Japan in 1905. Therefore, we can say that the System of Alliances was an important cause that led to war because it divided Europe into two blocks and it turned conflicts into wars. One of the most significant causes of tension was Militarism. This was building up armed forces, getting ready for war. For example, the Anglo German Naval Rivalry, which developed after 1900. Since 1805, Britain had ruled the seas without any problem. But this changed in 1898, when Kaiser, Wilhelm, wanted to build a powerful German navy to protect its growing trade. Britain felt threatened by this. Added to this, in 1906 Britain launched HMS Dreadnought. Germany responded by building its own Dreadnoughts. What is more, the naval race was well and truly and they spent millions on their new ships. Therefore, we can say that Militarism was an important cause that led to war, as it increased tension and suspicion between states. Another cause was Imperialism. This means that they were trying to build up an empire. For example, there were two events which increased the tension. The first one was in 1905, when Kaiser visited Morocco to show that Germany was now an important power in the area. He said he supported the Moroccans in the struggle against the French. Because of this, France was furious. The other event was in 1911 when he sent a gunboat to Agadir in Morocco. The
  • 3. British and the French thought he was planning to establish a naval race. For the Kaiser, Britain, France and Russia had to resist Germany’s ambition. However, the British and French thought they had to take a firm stant against Kaiser’s bullying tactics. Therefore, we can say that Imperialism was another important cause for war because it increased tension and rivalry between states and it led to conflicts that added to this tension. Yet another cause of tension was Nationalism. This meant having pride in your country, willing to defend it. For example, the very unstable area of The Balkans. Russia and Austria wanted to control this area because it gave them access to the Mediterranean. In 1908, it came the first crisis, when Austria took over the provinces of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Russia and Serbia protested but they backed down when they knew Germany supported Austria. This happened because they were not prepared for a war against Germany. But this encouraged Russia to increase its army. A number of local wars were between 1912 and 1913. After this, Serbia became the most powerful country in the area. By 1914, Austria wanted to crush Serbia. This opportunity came with the murder of Archduke and his wife in Sarajevo. Because of this, Austria blamed Serbia. This would make Austria deal with the problem once and for all. They made Serbia part of Austrian Empire but Austria refused and declared war on 28 July 1914. This was the moment when the war began. Therefore, we can say that Nationalism was an important cause that led to war because it increased tension between great powers such as Russia and Austria – Hungary and led to conflict’s that added to Europe’s general tension.
  • 4. To conclude, it must be considered that the two most important causes that led to the outbreak of war were the murder in Sarajevo, since it increased tension between Austria and Serbia, and the System of Alliances because it divided Europe into two armed blocks and it turned local conflicts into international wars. Nonetheless, other causes must be considered such as Militarism, Nationalism and Imperialism. Josefina Perez Balconi