Deixis refers to words that point to elements of the context in which an utterance is made, such as the speaker, addressee, place, and time. There are several types of deixis, including personal deixis referring to speaker and addressee using pronouns like "I" and "you"; spatial deixis indicating proximity like "here" and "there"; temporal deixis marking time in relation to the moment of speaking like "now" and "then"; and discourse deixis referring to elements in the ongoing conversation. Deixis allows language to be situated in context but makes utterances unintelligible without contextual information about who is speaking, where, when, and what is being referred