2. The Origin of the Internet
• ARPANET:
– Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
– Funded by the U.S. government in the 1960s
– Allowed computers at leading universities and research organizations
to communicate with each other over great distances
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3. The Web
• The Web is a part of the Internet distinguished by:
– common communication protocols TCP/IP and HTML
– special links (called hyperlinks)
• Web invented in 1989 by Tim Berners-Lee
• 1993, National Center for Supercomputing
Applications releases the Mosaic browser
• Developers of Mosaic release Netscape (1994)
• Netscape is beginning of Web’s major growth
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4. The Internet vs. The Web
• Internet – part of the system
INTERNET
that is primarily hardware
infrastructure
(telecommunications, routers,
servers, disk drives, etcetera) WWW
• Web – part of the system that
contains intellectual property in
many multimedia formats (test
files, graphic files, sound files,
video files, etc.)
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5. Internet Communications
• Instant Messaging
• Voice over Internet (VoIP)
• Weblogs
• Podcasts
• Webcasts and Wikis
• Chat Rooms
• Newsgroups
• E-mail
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6. Instant Messaging
• Real-time text-based
conversations
• Set up a list of contacts
– Buddy list
• Contacts must be online
• IM software detects presence
• Example: AOL Instant
Messenger
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7. Voice over Internet Protocol
• VoIP - The Internet as a means to place phone calls
• Uses technology similar to e-mail to send voice data digitally
• Requires
– a microphone
– an Internet connection
– A VoIP provider
• Services differ
– Free services require an account on both ends
– Paid services connect phone to computer
– Cable and DSL providers offer phone through broadband
– WiFi IP phones call through Internet hotspots and wireless networks
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8. Weblogs (blogs)
• Known as blogs
• Available to the public
• Simple to create, read,
and manage
• Entries listed on a
single page
Searchable
• Most recent entry at the Some are personal
top Many are focused on a topic
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9. Podcasts
• Video blog (vlog) – entries are video clips
• Podcasts – compressed audio/video files
distributed on the Internet
• RSS (Really Simple Syndication) technology
allows constant updates for subscribers
• Podcasts are all over the Web
– Requires “aggregator” software to gather podcasts
– Requires media player software to play them
• Simple to create and attach RSS files DEMO
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10. Webcasts and Wikis
• Webcasts broadcast audio/visual files but are
not updated
– use streaming media
• A wiki is a Web site that allows anyone to
change its content
• Wikis provide an excellent source for
collaborative writing
• Unlike blogs, wikis can be edited for a
“common” opinion
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11. E-mail
• Electronic mail
• Primary means
of
communication
• E-mail accounts
– Client-based
– Web-based
• Spam
– Prevention
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12. Chat Rooms
• Real-time text-based conversations
• Rooms focus on specific topics or interests
• Identity protection
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14. Social Networking
• Social networking sites like Facebook.com
• Members share common interests
• Members communicate by voice, chat,
instant message, video, and blogs
• Members create personalized profiles
• Growth has been explosive
• Risks must be recognized and reduced
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15. Web Entertainment
• Multimedia:
– Involves forms of media and
text
• Graphics
• Audio
• Video
– Streaming audio and video
– Plug-in
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16. Web 2.0
– Shorthand for the new use-centred Internet
where people publicly modifies other’s
work, whether it’s an encyclopedia entry or
a photo album.
– More on this soon.
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17. Conducting Business
Over the Internet
• E-Commerce:
– Electronic commerce
– Business-to-consumer (B2C)
– Business-to-business (B2B)
– Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)
– Secure transactions
B2B
E-commerce
Suppliers
Manufacturer Retailer
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18. Online Annoyances
• Spam – electronic junk mail
• Pop-ups – intrusive advertising
• Cookies – tracking user’s browsing habits
• Spyware – programs that collect data from a
user’s computer
• Malware - software that has a malicious intent
• Phishing and Hoaxes – Ruses to fool and maybe
steal from users
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21. Cookies
• Text files stored on client
computers when visiting
Web sites
• Used on return visits to
Web sites
• Unique ID number
• Personal information
remembered
• Privacy risk
– Selling information 21
22. Spyware
• Added as a program
piggybacked with a
requested program
• Gathers information,
usually about surfing
habits
• Antivirus software
doesn’t detect it
• Spyware removal
programs are required
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23. Malware
• Software that has a malicious intent
• Spyware is a form of malware
• Other forms are viruses, worms, and Trojan
horses
• Designed to render a computer useless or
penetrate it completely
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24. Phishing and Hoaxes
• Phishing is a phony communication
• Attempts to scam someone into sending vital
information
• Hoaxes are attempts to scam people into sending
money, or join a chain letter
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25. Navigating the Web: Web Browsers
• Computer software
• Graphical
• Enables Web navigation
• Popular browsers:
– Foxfire Mozilla
– Internet Explorer
– Netscape Navigator
– Safari (Mac OSX)
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27. Web Sites
• Web site:
– Collection of related Web pages
– First page known as Home or Index page Home page
• Web page:
– HTML document
• Text and graphics
– Unique address
– Hyperlinks
Related
pages
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28. URL
• URL:
– Uniform Resource Locator
– Unique Web page address
Protocol Domain name Path
identifies contains the identifies the
the means host and top- subdirectories
of access level domain within the
Web site
URL http:// www.nytimes.com/ Pages/cartoons/
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29. Current Top-Level Domains
.aero Members of the air transport industry
.biz Businesses
.com Can be used by anyone
.net Networking organizations
.edu Degree granting institutions
.gov United States government
.mil United States military
.ca Canada
.tv Tuvalu (funny story)
.org Organizations (often nonprofits)
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30. Evaluating Web Sites
• Who is the author of the article or Web site
sponsor?
• What audience is the site geared toward?
• Is the site biased?
• Is the information current?
• Are links available?
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31. Future of the Internet
• Large Scale Networking
(LSN):
– Research and development
of cutting-edge
networking and wireless
technologies
• Web 2:
– Project sponsored by
universities, government,
and industry to develop
new Internet technologies
– Internet2 backbone
supports transmission
speeds of 9.6 Gbps 31
33. Client and Server
• Client computer:
– Users connect to the Internet
– Request data and Web pages
• Server computers:
– Store Web pages and data
– Return the requested data to the client Server
Client
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34. Search Engines
• User keys word or
phrase in search box
• “Spider” or “Web
Crawler” program
scans Web pages
• Results are indexed
and sent to the client
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35. Connecting to the Internet
• Dial-up connection:
– Uses standard telephone line
– Least costly connection
– Requires a modem
• Converts analog and digital
signals
– Slowest connection speed
(56Kbps)
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36. Broadband Connections
• Digital Subscriber Lines
– Faster than dial-up
• Upload (300Kbps – 1.5Mbps)
• Download (1Mbps – 1.5Mbps)
– Requires special DSL modem
DSL
modem
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37. Broadband Connections
• Cable:
– Uses TV coaxial cable
– Fast connection speed
(500Kbps – 4Mbps)
– Speed depends on number
of users
– Not available in all areas
– Requires a cable modem
Coaxial
cable
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38. Satellite Connections
• Uses a satellite dish
and coaxial cable
– Download speed 500
kbps
– Upload speed 100 kbps
– Signal is affected by
location and weather
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39. Comparing Internet Connection Options
Connection Maximum Upload Data Maximum Download Data
Option Transfer Rate (approximate) Transfer Rate (approximate)
Dial-Up 56 Kbps 56 Kbps
DSL 300 Kbps 1 Mbps
(ADSL)
DSL 1.5 Mbps 1.5 Mbps
(SDSL)
Cable 500 Kbps 4 Mbps
Satellite 100 Kbps 500 Kbps
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40. Choosing an ISP
• Factors to consider:
– Customer service
– Local access numbers
– E-mail options
– Cost
– Trial period
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41. Internet Service Providers
• ISP: • OSP:
– Internet service provider – Online service provider
– Provide user access to the – Provide online proprietary
Internet content as well as Internet
– National, regional, or local access
companies – AOL, CompuServe, MSN
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