1. Himmet Haybat GEO523 Strategies for
51061103 Sustainable Development

2. ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
PURPOSE AND
METHODOLOGY
MAIN SAUBJECTS
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
FINDINGS
SOLUTIONS
CONCLUSION

3. A q ua lity is d e p e nd ing o n we a the r.
ir
The re fo re its a ffe c t to c lim a te c ha ng e . So ,
it is e ffe c t to m a ny thing s in the Ea rth.
O ne o f the m is c lim a te a nd a no the r o ne is
a ir q ua lity . M a ns tha t c lim a te is s e rio us
e
thing whic h is a ffe c t to e ve ry living thing
a nd life le s s thing o n the Ea rth.

4. So in this re s e a rc h us e d m a ny a rtic le s
fo r this s tud y tha t re la te d to o ur to p ic .
The n d ivid e d this to p ic to s ub-title s
whic h m a ke s e a s y to s e a rc hing . La te r
p ro c e s s wa s p re p a re d s o m e q ue s tio ns
a bo ut this to p ic . A r q ue s tio ns g e t
fte
a ns we rs whic h s e a rc he d a rtic le be fo re .
End o f the s tud y g e t m a ny re s ults a bo ut
c lim a te c ha ng e a nd a ir q ua lity .

5. INTRODUCTIO
N
The Earth's climate is not static. Over the billions of
years of earth’s existence, it has changed many times
in response to natural causes.

6. • However, when people talk about 'climate
change' today, they mean the changes in
temperature over the last 100 years caused by
human activity.

7. • During this time,
the average
temperature of the
atmosphere near
the Earth’s surface
has risen by about
0.75 degrees
Celsius

8. • Scientists drill cores and analyze the gas
bubbles in each layer to see what the
atmosphere was like at that time.
• Scientists test their models by entering
real data from the past and seeing how
well their model would have predicted
past trends.
• They generally find: Models that
incorporate only natural factors or only
anthropogenic (human-caused) factors
predict poorly.

9. • The aim of this study was searching air
quality, potential climate change, and ozone
layer depletion
• So with this study found many different earlier
studies which is related to climate change, air
quality, and ozone layer
• Namely in this study were used research
methods to perform for study aim
• Then began search articles that related to
climate change, air quality, and ozone
depletion
• In the end of this study every articles
combined which was found before and brought

10. Climate Change
Ozone Layer Depletion
Air
Quality

11.  W is it mean of Climate?
hat
 W is it mean of Climate Change?
hat
• What causes Earth’s climate to change?
• What are impacts of Climate Change?
• How Might the Earth’s Temperature and
Climate Change in the Future?
 W is it mean of Ozone?
hat
• What is it mean of good and bad Ozone?
 W is it mean of Ozone Layer
hat
Depletion?
 W is it mean of Air Quality?
hat

12. • Climate encompasses the statistics of
temperature, humidity, atmospheric
pressure, wind, rainfall, atmospheric
particle count and other meteorological
elemental measurements in a given
region over long periods
• A region's climate is generated by the
climate system, which has five
components: Atmosphere,
Hydrosphere, Cryosphere, Land
surface, and Biosphere

14. • Climate change is a significant and lasting
change in the statistical distribution of
weather patterns over periods ranging
from decades to millions of years. It may
be a change in average weather
conditions or the distribution of events
around that average. Climate change may
be limited to a specific region or may occur
across the whole Earth.

15. NATURAL HUMAN
• Continental drift • Large quantities of
waste
• Volcanoes
• Greenhouse gases
• The earth's tilt
• Air Pollution
• Ocean currents • CO2
• Sun’s output • Burning of the fossil
fuel, cutting of forests

16. Sea level is rising: During the 20th century,
sea level rose about 15 cm (6 inches) due
to melting glacier ice and expansion of
warmer seawater. Models predict that sea
level may rise as much as 59 cm (23
inches) during the 21st Century,
threatening coastal communities,
wetlands, and coral reefs.

17. Arctic sea ice is melting: The summer thickness of sea
ice is about half of what it was in 1950. Melting ice
may lead to changes in ocean circulation. Plus
melting sea ice is speeding up warming in the Arctic

18. Glaciers and permafrost are melting:
Over the past 100 years, mountain glaciers in
all areas of the world have decreased in size
and so has the amount of permafrost in the
Arctic Greenland's ice sheet is melting faster
too

19. Sea-surface temperatures are warming: In recent
years sea surface temperature increasing more
then before

20. • The temperatures of large lakes are
warming: The temperatures of large
lakes world-wide have risen
dramatically. Temperature rises have
increased algal blooms in lakes, favor
invasive species, increase stratification
in lakes and lower lake levels

21. 2003 2010
Caspian Lake

23. Extreme drought is increasing:
Higher temperatures cause a higher
rate of evaporation and more drought
in some areas of the world

25. Ecosystems are changing: As temperatures
Ecosystems are changing: As temperatures
warm, species may either move to a cooler
warm, species may either move to a cooler
habitat or die. Species that are particularly
habitat or die. Species that are particularly
vulnerable include endangered species, coral
vulnerable include endangered species, coral
reefs, and polar animals. Warming has also
reefs, and polar animals. W arming has also
caused changes in the timing of spring events
caused changes in the timing of spring events

26. 1996-2000

27. 2003-2007

31. Spread of diseases:
As northern countries warm, disease
carrying insects migrate towards
north, bringing plague and disease
with them. Indeed some scientists
believe that in some countries thanks
to global warming, malaria has not
been fully eradicated

35. • Ozone layer
• Not really a layer, but a region of higher-
than-normal ozone concentrations (which
are still very low)
• ~17–30 km altitude
• Ozone = O3—molecule of 3 oxygen atoms
• Absorbs ultraviolet (UV) radiation from
sun, protecting organisms on surface from
radiation damage

37. • BAD: Ground level ozone contributes to
smog, and is harmful to living things
(Troposphere)
• GOOD: Ozone in the stratosphere act as
a shield protecting Earth’s biosphere
against harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays
found in sun light. [UV rays contribute
to skin cancer]

38. Ozone depletion refers to the
thinning of the stratospheric ozone
layer
• Result is a loss of earth’s protection
from UV radiation
Primary ozone depleters are
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons
• These break down in UV light,
releasing chlorine, which destroys
stratospheric ozone molecules

39. Air quality is defined as a measure of the
condition of air relative to the
requirements of one or more biotic
species or to any human need or purpose

40.  Conclusive evidence that global warming is
due to human activity
 Climate change will stress water resources
 Coastal areas are at increasing risk from
sea-level rise and storm surge
 Threats to human health will increase
 Climate change will interact with many
social and environmental stresses
 Some species will face a high risk of
extinction
 Future climate change and its impacts
depend on choices made today

41. • Control of Air Pollution
Industrial Activities
• Emissions reduction Fluorescent bulb
Electricity generation is the biggest source of
greenhouse gas emissions
• Renewable energy: including energy from wind,
solar, wave, biofuels, etc., substitutes directly
for fossil fuels and eliminates CO2 emissions
entirely
• W alking, biking, and using public transportation
• Planting trees

42. In the end of this study found different
information about climate change and air
quality. So, learned what the mean of air
quality is, then how atmospheric change
was happening in recent years and in the
past. Also end of this study we get
knowledge about causes of climate change.

43. If look at the in detail of this study, learned
specific information about the climate
change, air quality, ozone layer depletion,
effects of CO2 to climate change and to
atmosphere, how Halocarbons effect to
atmosphere, how methane effect to
atmosphere. Another results of this study
was learned economic consequences which
effected by climate change.

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1716-1719.
•Coheur, P. F., Clerbaux, C., & Colin, R. (2003). Spectroscopic
measurements of halocarbons and hydro halocarbons by satellite-
borne remote sensors. JO URN L O F G EO PHYSI L RESEA
A CA RCH,
1 0 8 , 1-14.
•DeMore, W. B. (1996). Experimental and Estimated Rate Constants
for the Reactions of Hydroxyl Radicals with Several Halocarbons. Je t
Pro p uls io n la bo ra to ry , Ca lifo rnia ins titute o f te c hno lo g y , Pa s a d e na , 1-
25.
•Forster, P. (2007). Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in
Radioative Forcing. I PCC Wo rking G ro up IThird A s e s s m e nt Re p o rt,
s
129-234.
•Furman, J., Bordoff, J. E., Deshpande, M., Noel, P. J. (2007). An
Economic Strategy to Address Climate Change and Promote Energy
Security. The Bro o king s I titutio n, 1-40.
ns
•Gee, D., & Vaz, G. (2002). Late lessons from early warnings: the
precautionary principle 1896–2000. Office for O ffic ia l Public a tio ns o f

45. • National Science Teachers Association (2007). Global Climate
Change: Resources for Environmental Literacy. N tio na l Sc ie nc e
a
Te a c he rs A s o c ia tio n, 1-19.
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• Prentice, I. C. (2001). The Carbon Cycle and Atmospheric Carbon
Dioxide. 183-237.
• Rowland, F. S. (2004). The Changing Atmosphere in 2004.
Biblio the c a A x a nd ra , 1-18.
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• Solomon, S. (1999). Stratospheric Ozone Depletion: A Review of
Concepts and History. N tio na l O c e a nic a nd A o s p he ric
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d
• Walther, G. R., Post, E., Convey, P., Menzel, A., Parmesank, C.,
Beebee, T. J. C., Fromentin, J. M., Guldberg, O. H., & Bairlein, F.
(2002). Ecological responses to recent climate change. N ture , 41 6 ,
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389-395.
• Wang, J. L., Chang, C. J., & Lin, Y. H. (1998). Concentration
Distributions of Anthropogenic Halocarbons Over a Metropolitan
Area. Che m o s p he re , 3 6 (10), 2391-2400.
• Wuebbles, D. J., & Hayhoe, K. (2001). Atmospheric methane and
global change. Ea rth-Sc ie nc e Re v ie ws , 1 1 , 177-210.